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→‎Meteorological synopsis: Rewrite to match what is in the mesoscale discussion from the SPC and remove the mesoanalysis link which requires original research, synthesis, or both to directly use.
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On April 24, a widespread [[Storm Prediction Center#Categories|slight risk]] (level 2) area was issued by the Storm Prediction Center for April&nbsp;26.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dean |first=Andy R. |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Apr 24, 2024 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day3otlk_20240424_0730.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427000536/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day3otlk_20240424_0730.html |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> On the morning of April&nbsp;25, this was upgraded to an [[Storm Prediction Center#Categories|enhanced risk]] of severe weather for parts of [[Kansas]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Texas]], highlighting the risk of tornadoes and large hail in connection with storms developing along a [[dry line]] between the [[Texas Panhandle]] and northwestern Kansas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Andy R. |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Apr 25, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1200.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004541/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1200.html |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]] |type=Day 1 Convective Outlook |location=Norman, Oklahoma}}</ref> This risk was later narrowed to two focal areas: one in northwestern Kansas associated with [[supercell]]s during the afternoon and evening, and a second near the [[Red River of the South|Red River]], associated with an forecast cluster of storms during the overnight hours.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Rich|last2=Kerr|first2=Brynn|title=Apr 25, 2024 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1300.html|type=Day 1 Convective Outlook|access-date=April 26, 2024|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|location=Norman, Oklahoma|archive-date=April 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004524/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1300.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With an enhanced risk of severe weather in place, the Storm Prediction issued a tornado watch for eastern Oklahoma on the morning of April 26.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Rich |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 138 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0138.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131749/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0138.html |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 28, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> Several hours later, on the afternoon of April 26, another tornado watch was implemented for northeastern Nebraska, which included the possibility for "a couple of intense tornadoes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=John |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 140 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0140.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004524/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0140.html |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=April 28, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> At 3:41 PM CDT, a tornado emergency was issued for West Elkhorn as a large and destructive wedge tornado moved through the area.<ref name=":0" /> Some homes were completely leveled and many more structures suffered significant damage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fischer |first=Mark |date=2024-04-27 |title=Weather service confirms EF-3 tornado hit Lincoln, Waverly and Omaha |url=https://www.klkntv.com/weather-service-confirms-ef-3-tornado-hit-lincoln-waverly-and-omaha/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=KLKN-TV |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427232054/https://www.klkntv.com/weather-service-confirms-ef-3-tornado-hit-lincoln-waverly-and-omaha/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Another storm produced a violent wedge tornado near [[Harlan, Iowa]] causing widespread destruction. The [[Doppler on Wheels]] (DOW) measured wind speeds of {{Convert|224|mph|kph|abbr=on}} at a height of {{convert|2900|ft|m|abbr=on}} with the Harlan storm. While these wind speeds are equivalent to EF5 strength, the [[Enhanced Fujita scale]] is damage-based and not based on observed winds, and the tornado has no official rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doppler on Wheels |date=April 28, 2024 |title= |url=https://twitter.com/DOWFacility/status/1784622447116869742}}</ref>
On April 24, a widespread [[Storm Prediction Center#Categories|slight risk]] (level 2) area was issued by the Storm Prediction Center for April&nbsp;26.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dean |first=Andy R. |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Apr 24, 2024 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day3otlk_20240424_0730.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427000536/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day3otlk_20240424_0730.html |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> On the morning of April&nbsp;25, this was upgraded to an [[Storm Prediction Center#Categories|enhanced risk]] of severe weather for parts of [[Kansas]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Texas]], highlighting the risk of tornadoes and large hail in connection with storms developing along a [[dry line]] between the [[Texas Panhandle]] and northwestern Kansas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Andy R. |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Apr 25, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1200.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004541/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1200.html |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]] |type=Day 1 Convective Outlook |location=Norman, Oklahoma}}</ref> This risk was later narrowed to two focal areas: one in northwestern Kansas associated with [[supercell]]s during the afternoon and evening, and a second near the [[Red River of the South|Red River]], associated with an forecast cluster of storms during the overnight hours.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Rich|last2=Kerr|first2=Brynn|title=Apr 25, 2024 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1300.html|type=Day 1 Convective Outlook|access-date=April 26, 2024|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|location=Norman, Oklahoma|archive-date=April 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004524/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240425_1300.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With an enhanced risk of severe weather in place, the Storm Prediction issued a tornado watch for eastern Oklahoma on the morning of April 26.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Rich |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 138 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0138.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131749/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0138.html |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 28, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> Several hours later, on the afternoon of April 26, another tornado watch was implemented for northeastern Nebraska, which included the possibility for "a couple of intense tornadoes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=John |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Storm Prediction Center Tornado Watch 140 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0140.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428004524/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0140.html |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=April 28, 2024 |website=[[Storm Prediction Center]]}}</ref> At 3:41 PM CDT, a tornado emergency was issued for West Elkhorn as a large and destructive wedge tornado moved through the area.<ref name=":0" /> Some homes were completely leveled and many more structures suffered significant damage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fischer |first=Mark |date=2024-04-27 |title=Weather service confirms EF-3 tornado hit Lincoln, Waverly and Omaha |url=https://www.klkntv.com/weather-service-confirms-ef-3-tornado-hit-lincoln-waverly-and-omaha/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=KLKN-TV |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427232054/https://www.klkntv.com/weather-service-confirms-ef-3-tornado-hit-lincoln-waverly-and-omaha/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Another storm produced a violent wedge tornado near [[Harlan, Iowa]] causing widespread destruction. The [[Doppler on Wheels]] (DOW) measured wind speeds of {{Convert|224|mph|kph|abbr=on}} at a height of {{convert|2900|ft|m|abbr=on}} with the Harlan storm. While these wind speeds are equivalent to EF5 strength, the [[Enhanced Fujita scale]] is damage-based and not based on observed winds, and the tornado has no official rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doppler on Wheels |date=April 28, 2024 |title= |url=https://twitter.com/DOWFacility/status/1784622447116869742}}</ref>


In the morning hours of April 27, the Storm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk (level 4) for central Oklahoma, north-central Texas, extreme southwestern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas. The moderate risk included a significant 15% tornado risk, a significant 30% wind risk, and a significant 45% hail risk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Apr 27, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240427_1200.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.spc.noaa.gov |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428144241/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240427_1200.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Multiple supercells formed that afternoon in western Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, and northwestern Missouri, as well as northern Texas, and a [[Particularly dangerous situation#PDS tornado watch|PDS tornado watch]] for western Oklahoma and northern Texas, regarding the very elevated probabilities for numerous tornadoes, some of which could be intense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 146 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/archive/event.php?date=20240426 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.spc.noaa.gov |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427153430/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/archive/event.php?date=20240426 |url-status=live }}</ref> As the day went on, multiple tornadoes touched down, including a large wedge which passed near the town of [[Knox City, Texas|Knox City]], as well as [[Burkburnett, Texas|Burkburnett]] in Texas from a separate supercell. Numerous other PDS tornado warnings were issued for large tornadoes near [[Cedar Vale, Kansas]], as well as [[Newkirk, Oklahoma]]. As the day went on, supercells in the center of the main risk area waned, and a more linear mode developed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion 548 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2024/md0548.html |website=Storm Prediction Center |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion 550 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2024/md0550.html |website=Storm Prediction Center |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> Between 22:00 UTC and 02:00 UTC, the lower-level jet significantly increased above Oklahoma increasing the 0-3km storm relative helicity from 200 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup> to 500 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mesoscale Analysis Archive |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/ma_archive/action5.php?BASICPARAM=srh3.gif&STARTYEAR=2024&STARTMONTH=04&STARTDAY=28&STARTTIME=04&INC=-12 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.spc.noaa.gov}}</ref> As this occurred, multiple new tornadic supercells developed ahead of the main line, resulting in havoc, as multiple large, intense tornadoes were confirmed in south and eastern Oklahoma, causing significant damage and prompting new [[Particularly dangerous situation|PDS]] warnings for the towns of [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]], [[Holdenville, Oklahoma|Holdenville]], [[Marietta, Oklahoma|Marietta]], [[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]] and [[Sulphur,_Oklahoma|Sulphur]].<ref name="0427rpts"/> A total of 23 [[Particularly dangerous situation|PDS]] tornado warnings were issued as the intense storms caused damage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=akrherz@iastate.edu |first=daryl herzmann |title=IEM :: Particularly Dangerous Situation Tornado Warnings Listing |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/pds.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403170806/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/pds.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Furthermore, at least two fatalities have been reported in Sulphur according to the emergency manager. The death count includes a 4-month-old baby.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Nouran Salahieh, Robert |date=2024-04-28 |title=Tornado outbreak in Oklahoma prompts calls to take cover as the threat of severe storms continues from Missouri to Texas |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/weather/plains-midwest-storms-tornadoes-climate-sunday/index.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428051740/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/weather/plains-midwest-storms-tornadoes-climate-sunday/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In the morning hours of April 27, the Storm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk (level 4) for central Oklahoma, north-central Texas, extreme southwestern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas. The moderate risk included a significant 15% tornado risk, a significant 30% wind risk, and a significant 45% hail risk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Apr 27, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240427_1200.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.spc.noaa.gov |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428144241/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2024/day1otlk_20240427_1200.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Multiple supercells formed that afternoon in western Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, and northwestern Missouri, as well as northern Texas, and a [[Particularly dangerous situation#PDS tornado watch|PDS tornado watch]] for western Oklahoma and northern Texas, regarding the very elevated probabilities for numerous tornadoes, some of which could be intense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 146 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/archive/event.php?date=20240426 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.spc.noaa.gov |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427153430/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/archive/event.php?date=20240426 |url-status=live }}</ref> As the day went on, multiple tornadoes touched down, including a large wedge which passed near the town of [[Knox City, Texas|Knox City]], as well as [[Burkburnett, Texas|Burkburnett]] in Texas from a separate supercell. Numerous other PDS tornado warnings were issued for large tornadoes near [[Cedar Vale, Kansas]], as well as [[Newkirk, Oklahoma]]. As the day went on, supercells in the center of the main risk area waned, and a more linear mode developed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion 548 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2024/md0548.html |website=Storm Prediction Center |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> The 00:00 UTC upper-air [[Atmospheric sounding|sounding]] from Norman, Oklahoma, depicted very strong shear, with [[wikt:storm-relative helicity|storm-relative helicity]] in the 0–3&nbsp;km layer of 400&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup> and mixed-layer [[Convective available potential energy|CAPE]] of around 2300&nbsp;J/kg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion 550 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2024/md0550.html |website=Storm Prediction Center |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> As this occurred, multiple new tornadic supercells developed ahead of the main line, resulting in havoc, as multiple large, intense tornadoes were confirmed in south and eastern Oklahoma, causing significant damage and prompting new [[Particularly dangerous situation|PDS]] warnings for the towns of [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]], [[Holdenville, Oklahoma|Holdenville]], [[Marietta, Oklahoma|Marietta]], [[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]] and [[Sulphur,_Oklahoma|Sulphur]].<ref name="0427rpts"/> A total of 23 [[Particularly dangerous situation|PDS]] tornado warnings were issued as the intense storms caused damage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=akrherz@iastate.edu |first=daryl herzmann |title=IEM :: Particularly Dangerous Situation Tornado Warnings Listing |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/pds.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403170806/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/pds.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Furthermore, at least two fatalities have been reported in Sulphur according to the emergency manager. The death count includes a 4-month-old baby.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Nouran Salahieh, Robert |date=2024-04-28 |title=Tornado outbreak in Oklahoma prompts calls to take cover as the threat of severe storms continues from Missouri to Texas |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/weather/plains-midwest-storms-tornadoes-climate-sunday/index.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428051740/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/weather/plains-midwest-storms-tornadoes-climate-sunday/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Confirmed tornadoes ==
== Confirmed tornadoes ==

Revision as of 05:56, 29 April 2024

Tornado outbreak of April 26–28, 2024
Meteorological history
DurationApril 25, 2024–ongoing
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes32+
Maximum ratingEF3+ tornado
Highest windsTornadic – 224 mph (360 km/h) in Harlan, Iowa tornado on April 26 (unofficial academic analysis[a])
Non-tornadic – 78 mph (126 km/h) near Rotan, Texas on April 27
Largest hail3.0 in (7.6 cm) – multiple locations on April 26–27
Overall effects
Fatalities5+
Injuries155+
Areas affectedMidwestern, Southern United States
Part of the Tornadoes of 2024

From April 25–28, 2024, two separate large and destructive tornado outbreaks occurred back-to-back across portions of the Midwestern and Southern United States, as multiple tornadoes were reported across several states.[2] A tornado in Lancaster County, Nebraska, injured three people,[3] while a tornado occurred across northeastern Lincoln, Nebraska.[4] At least five fatalities were attributed to the tornadoes, with more than 155 people injured.[5][6][7][8][9] At least twenty eight tornadoes were confirmed, with ten in Iowa and one each in Nebraska and Texas.[10] Significant damage was also reported in Blair, Nebraska, and Elkhorn, Nebraska, with a tornado that prompted two tornado emergencies.[11][12] Another long-tracked tornado in Iowa that impacted Shelby County, Iowa, prompted two tornado emergencies as well.[13][14] On April 27, several tornadoes occurred in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Overnight, a significant tornado hit Holdenville, Oklahoma, causing at least two fatalities and four injuries.[15][16] A tornado impacted Sulphur, Oklahoma, as well, causing at least 30 injuries.[17]

Meteorological synopsis

A National Weather Service Doppler Radar that has supercells moving through eastern Nebraska and western Iowa on April 26, 2024.
Supercells moving through eastern Nebraska and western Iowa on April 26
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On April 20, 2024, the National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Center (SPC) first delineated a severe weather risk for April 25–26, highlighting a zone extending from the Central Great Plains northeastward to the Midwestern U.S. over both days. The forecast was predicated on the development of thunderstorms downwind of an upper-tropospheric trough, where weather forecast models were depicting the advection of a moist airmass.[18] The forecast was maintained through the next two days. The risk area was expanded into northeastern Texas on April 22 and later extended to include the possibility of severe weather on April 27 as well.[19][20]

On April 24, a widespread slight risk (level 2) area was issued by the Storm Prediction Center for April 26.[21] On the morning of April 25, this was upgraded to an enhanced risk of severe weather for parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, highlighting the risk of tornadoes and large hail in connection with storms developing along a dry line between the Texas Panhandle and northwestern Kansas.[22] This risk was later narrowed to two focal areas: one in northwestern Kansas associated with supercells during the afternoon and evening, and a second near the Red River, associated with an forecast cluster of storms during the overnight hours.[23] With an enhanced risk of severe weather in place, the Storm Prediction issued a tornado watch for eastern Oklahoma on the morning of April 26.[24] Several hours later, on the afternoon of April 26, another tornado watch was implemented for northeastern Nebraska, which included the possibility for "a couple of intense tornadoes."[25] At 3:41 PM CDT, a tornado emergency was issued for West Elkhorn as a large and destructive wedge tornado moved through the area.[11] Some homes were completely leveled and many more structures suffered significant damage.[26] Another storm produced a violent wedge tornado near Harlan, Iowa causing widespread destruction. The Doppler on Wheels (DOW) measured wind speeds of 224 mph (360 km/h) at a height of 2,900 ft (880 m) with the Harlan storm. While these wind speeds are equivalent to EF5 strength, the Enhanced Fujita scale is damage-based and not based on observed winds, and the tornado has no official rating.[27]

In the morning hours of April 27, the Storm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk (level 4) for central Oklahoma, north-central Texas, extreme southwestern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas. The moderate risk included a significant 15% tornado risk, a significant 30% wind risk, and a significant 45% hail risk.[28] Multiple supercells formed that afternoon in western Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, and northwestern Missouri, as well as northern Texas, and a PDS tornado watch for western Oklahoma and northern Texas, regarding the very elevated probabilities for numerous tornadoes, some of which could be intense.[29] As the day went on, multiple tornadoes touched down, including a large wedge which passed near the town of Knox City, as well as Burkburnett in Texas from a separate supercell. Numerous other PDS tornado warnings were issued for large tornadoes near Cedar Vale, Kansas, as well as Newkirk, Oklahoma. As the day went on, supercells in the center of the main risk area waned, and a more linear mode developed.[30] The 00:00 UTC upper-air sounding from Norman, Oklahoma, depicted very strong shear, with storm-relative helicity in the 0–3 km layer of 400 m2/s2 and mixed-layer CAPE of around 2300 J/kg.[31] As this occurred, multiple new tornadic supercells developed ahead of the main line, resulting in havoc, as multiple large, intense tornadoes were confirmed in south and eastern Oklahoma, causing significant damage and prompting new PDS warnings for the towns of Ardmore, Holdenville, Marietta, Okemah and Sulphur.[32] A total of 23 PDS tornado warnings were issued as the intense storms caused damage.[33] Furthermore, at least two fatalities have been reported in Sulphur according to the emergency manager. The death count includes a 4-month-old baby.[34]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
1 10 12 9 3 0 0 32+

April 25 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, April 25, 2024[b]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF? SW of Akron Washington CO [to be determined] 21:25 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was confirmed by the National Weather Service. Preliminary information.[35]

April 26 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, April 26, 2024[b]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 NNW of Centerview to N of Paden Pottawatomie, Lincoln, Okfuskee OK 35°26′50″N 96°40′30″W / 35.4472°N 96.6751°W / 35.4472; -96.6751 (Centerview (Apr. 26, EF1)) 10:28–10:39 9.8 mi (15.8 km) 500 yd (460 m)
A home was damaged, trees were snapped or uprooted and power poles were blown down. Preliminary information.[36]
EF1 NW of Okmulgee to SW of Bald Hill Okmulgee OK 35°39′22″N 96°00′35″W / 35.656°N 96.0096°W / 35.656; -96.0096 (Okmulgee (Apr. 26, EF1)) 11:18–11:25 6.9 mi (11.1 km) 650 yd (590 m)
Numerous trees were uprooted or snapped, the roofs of a few homes were damaged, an outbuilding was damaged and the tornado blew down power poles as well.[36]
EF1 ENE of Ravenna Buffalo, Sherman NE 41°01′08″N 98°52′25″W / 41.0188°N 98.8736°W / 41.0188; -98.8736 (Ravenna (Apr. 26, EF1)) 17:16–17:31 4.76 mi (7.66 km) 175 yd (160 m)
A low-end EF1 tornado caused minor damage to a catwalk at an ethanol plant, damaged a power pole, and damaged or destroyed outbuildings.[37]
EF0 ESE of China Spring (1st tornado) McLennan TX 31°37′40″N 97°15′36″W / 31.6277°N 97.2599°W / 31.6277; -97.2599 (China Spring (Apr. 26, EF0)) 17:23–17:24 0.15 mi (0.24 km) 30 yd (27 m)
A brief EF0 tornado damaged fences and snapped large tree limbs. This was the first tornado produced by the supercell west of Waco.[38]
EF1 ESE of China Spring (2nd tornado) McLennan TX 31°37′54″N 97°15′09″W / 31.6316°N 97.2524°W / 31.6316; -97.2524 (China Spring (Apr. 26, EF1)) 17:26–17:29 0.88 mi (1.42 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A brief EF1 tornado first touched down near FM 1637, before impacting Valley View west of Waco. Fences, trees, and windows were damaged, and minor roof damage occurred. One home lost part of its roof. This was the second tornado produced by the supercell west of Waco.[39]
EF1 Eastern Rockville Sherman NE 41°05′42″N 98°49′39″W / 41.0951°N 98.8275°W / 41.0951; -98.8275 (Rockville (Apr. 26, EF1)) 17:32–17:48 5.71 mi (9.19 km) 100 yd (91 m)
This tornado touched down after Ravenna tornado dissipated. It damaged trees, a home, a couple of grain bins and outbuildings, and snapped power poles.[37]
EF0 SSE of West McLennan TX 31°45′49″N 97°03′56″W / 31.7637°N 97.0656°W / 31.7637; -97.0656 (West (Apr. 26, EF0)) 17:48 0.18 mi (0.29 km) 15 yd (14 m)
A brief EF0 tornado produced tree damage west of the Heritage Parkway (FM 2311).[39][38]
EF2 SE of West to SW of Penelope McLennan, Hill TX 31°46′31″N 97°02′59″W / 31.7754°N 97.0496°W / 31.7754; -97.0496 (West (Apr. 26, EF2)) 17:48–18:05 5.68 mi (9.14 km) 165 yd (151 m)
This tornado first touched down southeast of West and damaged several trees and a shed. The tornado then strengthened to low-end EF2 intensity, damaging a barn and a nearby shop. It then scattered heavy farm equipment across a field, before crossing into Hill County and dissipating.[39][38]
EF3 SSE of Farwell to N of Elba Howard NE 41°12′10″N 98°37′12″W / 41.2028°N 98.6199°W / 41.2028; -98.6199 (Farwell (Apr. 26, EF3)) 17:58–18:21 9.54 mi (15.35 km) 600 yd (550 m)
This intense tornado formed after the Rockville tornado dissipated. It touched down just south of Farwell and passed east of the town and crossed N-92 as it moved just east of due north, causing tree damage and overturning center irrigation pivots. The tornado then reached low-end EF2 intensity as it approached Elba, snapping power poles and uprooting trees. The tornado then reached its peak intensity of EF3 as it struck a farmstead west of Elba. A well-built metal building structure was obliterated while the farmhouse, other outbuildings, vehicles, and other structures were heavily damaged. Continuing north-northeastward at EF2 strength, the tornado snapped a long stretch of power poles along N-11. The tornado then weakened, uprooting trees before dissipating over pasture fields.[39][37]
EF1 SW of Penelope Hill TX 31°49′43″N 96°57′59″W / 31.8287°N 96.9664°W / 31.8287; -96.9664 (Penelope (Apr. 26, EF2)) 18:06–18:07 0.20 mi (0.32 km) 55 yd (50 m)
After producing the EF2 tornado southeast of West, the same supercell produced this brief EF1 tornado that damaged two homes with one of them suffering a garage collapse as well. A few tree limbs were broken before the tornado dissipated.[38]
EF1 ENE of Malone to SSE of Blooming Grove Navarro TX 31°57′03″N 96°48′12″W / 31.9508°N 96.8032°W / 31.9508; -96.8032 (Malone (Apr. 26, EF1)) 18:30–18:44 9.01 mi (14.50 km) 200 yd (180 m)
This tornado first touched down northwest of Navarro Mills Lake, producing tree damage. After moving east-northeast, the tornado strengthened to high-end EF1 intensity, damaging trees and several residential areas, destroying one manufactured home, and causing significant damage to sheet metal. After crossing FM 744, the tornado dissipated northwest of Dresden.[38]
EF2 NE of Elba to N of Wolbach Howard, Greeley NE 41°20′41″N 98°30′26″W / 41.3446°N 98.5073°W / 41.3446; -98.5073 (Elba (Apr. 26, EF2)) 18:32–18:54 9.59 mi (15.43 km) 880 yd (800 m)
This large tornado, developed after the Elba EF3 tornado dissipated, first damaged trees and leaned a wooden power pole. As it approached US 281/N-22, the tornado rapidly intensified to high-end EF2 strength. It destroyed a metal building, and bent metal high-tension power poles. A nearby grain bin was destroyed a center irrigation pivot was twisted and overturned and damaged a home. After crossing the highway, the tornado steadily weakened, damaging at least one other residence, outbuildings, trees and center irrigation pivots. The tornado weakened and dissipated north of Wolbach.[39][37]
EF1 SW of Barry to NE of Emhouse Navarro TX 32°04′35″N 96°40′26″W / 32.0764°N 96.674°W / 32.0764; -96.674 (Barry (Apr. 26, EF1)) 18:46–19:05 11.30 mi (18.19 km) 200 yd (180 m)
This tornado first developed southwest of Barry, before moving north of the city and causing roof and sheet metal damage to residential areas and outbuildings. A manufactured home was completely destroyed there at high-end EF1 strength. The tornado then tracked east, passing Emhouse, and causing damage to trees and outbuildings. The tornado then dissipated west of Rice, in a drainage area of Chambers Creek.[38]
EF1 NNW of Abbott Hill TX 31°52′59″N 97°05′13″W / 31.883°N 97.0869°W / 31.883; -97.0869 (Abbott (Apr. 26, EF1)) 18:49–18:53 2.40 mi (3.86 km) 200 yd (180 m)
This tornado first uprooted and damaged trees west of I-35/US 77 near Abbott, before crossing the interstate and flipping a tractor-trailer. The tornado then moved northeast north of Abbott, producing tree damage and minor damage to several homes before dissipating.[39][38]
EF0 W of Rice Navarro TX 32°13′38″N 96°32′44″W / 32.2272°N 96.5455°W / 32.2272; -96.5455 (Rice (Apr. 26, EF0)) 19:19–19:23 2.12 mi (3.41 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A brief tornado developed west of Rice, before moving into wetlands of Cummins Creek. There, the tornado caused minor damage to trees before dissipating near I-45.[38]
EF0 Western Frost Navarro TX 32°04′26″N 96°49′49″W / 32.0738°N 96.8302°W / 32.0738; -96.8302 (Frost (Apr. 26, EF1)) 19:30–19:31 1.14 mi (1.83 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A brief tornado moved along SH 22, causing a grain elevator to partially collapse, and damaging garage doors and roofs in western portions of Frost before dissipating.[38]
EF? SSE of Garrison Butler NE [to be determined] 20:00 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was confirmed. Preliminary information.[40]
EF? Northern Lincoln to Waverly to SW of Ashland Lancaster NE [to be determined] 20:15 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was confirmed. Preliminary information.[40]
EF? SE of Yutan, NE to Elkhorn, NE to Modale, IA Saunders (NE), Douglas (NE), Washington (NE), Harrison (IA) NE, IA [to be determined] 20:15 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A large, violent tornado was confirmed in the northwestern Omaha Metro, prompting a tornado emergency[41] for the area. Preliminary information.[40][42]
EF2 N of Maple City to SSW of Dexter Cowley KS 37°07′N 96°46′W / 37.11°N 96.76°W / 37.11; -96.76 (Maple City (Apr. 26, EF2)) 20:28–20:32 1.29 mi (2.08 km) 100 yd (91 m)
This strong tornado destroyed three outbuildings at a farm, including one that was a well-constructed, anchored metal structure. Trees were snapped or uprooted as well. Preliminary information.[39]
EF2 E of Busby to W of Fredonia Elk, Wilson KS 37°27′35″N 96°00′48″W / 37.4598°N 96.0134°W / 37.4598; -96.0134 (Busby (Apr. 26, EF2)) 20:32–20:46 8.57 mi (13.79 km) 100 yd (91 m)
An EF2 tornado first developed in Elk County, uprooting and damaging trees, before crossing into Wilson County and destroying a barn. A two-story home was mostly unroofed a water tower was unroofed, and a metal fence was also destroyed. The tornado continued to move northeast while producing tree damage before dissipating southwest of Fredonia. Preliminary information.[39][43]
EF2 NE of Coyville Wilson, Woodson KS 37°43′34″N 95°50′11″W / 37.7262°N 95.8364°W / 37.7262; -95.8364 (Coyville (Apr. 26, EF2)) 20:34–20:50 6.81 mi (10.96 km) [to be determined]
An EF2 tornado destroyed outbuildings and snapped trees. Preliminary information.[43]
EF1 SSW of Dexter Cowley KS 37°08′N 96°44′W / 37.14°N 96.74°W / 37.14; -96.74 (Dexter (Apr. 26, EF1)) 20:36–20:39 0.64 mi (1.03 km) [to be determined]
A high-end EF1 tornado snapped trees. Preliminary information.[39]
EF0 W of Fredonia Wilson KS 37°31′49″N 95°51′22″W / 37.5304°N 95.8562°W / 37.5304; -95.8562 (Fredonia (Apr. 26, EF0)) 20:52–20:55 0.99 mi (1.59 km) 150 yd (140 m)
An EF0 tornado developed just west of Fredonia, damaging buildings and trees at a fairground before dissipating. Preliminary information.[39][43]
EF1 SSE of Rest Wilson KS 37°37′41″N 95°39′05″W / 37.6281°N 95.6515°W / 37.6281; -95.6515 (Rest (Apr. 26, EF1)) 21:13–21:16 1.28 mi (2.06 km) 60 yd (55 m)
This tornado first produced tree damage near a cemetery, before moving northeast and producing damage to a barn and dissipating. Preliminary information.[39][43]
EF? Omaha, NE to E of Crescent, IA to SE of Missouri Valley, IA Douglas (NE), Pottawattamie (IA), Harrison (IA) NE, IA [to be determined] 21:56–? [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado which tracked from Omaha, Nebraska to southeast of Missouri Valley, Iowa was confirmed. At least four people were injured in Pottawattamie County.[44][45]
EF? Rockville Sherman NE 41°07′N 98°49′W / 41.11°N 98.82°W / 41.11; -98.82 (Rockville (Apr. 26, EF?)) 21:38 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was confirmed, with damage being reported. Preliminary information.[44]
EF? Minden to Tennant to N of Harlan Pottawattamie, Harrison, Shelby IA [to be determined] 22:41–? [to be determined] [to be determined]
1 death – A large, destructive tornado damaged or destroyed homes and outbuildings and flipped cars. Preliminary information.[44][9][46]
EFU WNW of Elsmore Allen KS 37°49′N 95°14′W / 37.82°N 95.23°W / 37.82; -95.23 (Elsmore (Apr. 26, EFU)) 23:02 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A storm chaser videoed a tornado over open country.[39]
EF2 S of Cromwell to NW of Creston Adams, Union IA 41°00′01″N 94°28′15″W / 41.0004°N 94.4709°W / 41.0004; -94.4709 (Cromwell (Apr. 26, EF2)) 23:52–00:08 8.41 mi (13.53 km) 350 yd (320 m)
An EF2 tornado was confirmed by NWS Des Moines. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF2 W of Afton to ESE of Macksburg Union, Madison IA 41°02′52″N 94°14′25″W / 41.0477°N 94.2402°W / 41.0477; -94.2402 (Afton (Apr. 26, EF2)) 00:26–00:44 14.99 mi (24.12 km) 150 yd (140 m)
A high-end EF2 tornado was confirmed passing near Afton. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF1 NNW of Irena, MO to SE of Mount Ayr, IA to N of Beaconsfield, IA Worth (MO), Ringgold (IA) MO, IA 40°34′21″N 94°23′51″W / 40.5724°N 94.3974°W / 40.5724; -94.3974 (Irena (Apr. 26, EF1)) 00:27–01:08 26.38 mi (42.45 km) 300 yd (270 m)
A long-tracked tornado caused at least high-end EF1 damage across its path. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF2 WNW of Afton to SE of Macksburg Union, Madison IA 41°02′41″N 94°14′55″W / 41.0448°N 94.2485°W / 41.0448; -94.2485 (Afton (Apr. 26, EF2)) 00:53–01:15 11.69 mi (18.81 km) 150 yd (140 m)
An EF2 tornado was confirmed by NWS Des Moines; the track of the tornado was just west of the first Afton EF2 tornado. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF2 SE of Diagonal to NE of Tingley Ringgold IA 40°47′02″N 94°08′43″W / 40.7839°N 94.1454°W / 40.7839; -94.1454 (Diagonal–Tingley (Apr. 26, EF2)) 01:19–01:36 10.25 mi (16.50 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A damaging, strong tornado passed directly over the town of Tingley. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF0 WNW of Cumming Madison, Dallas IA 41°30′08″N 93°49′31″W / 41.5021°N 93.8254°W / 41.5021; -93.8254 (Cumming (Apr. 26, EF0)) 01:23–01:26 1.69 mi (2.72 km) 30 yd (27 m)
An EF0 tornado was confirmed by NWS Des Moines. Preliminary information.[47]
EF2 SW of Osceola Clarke IA 40°59′57″N 93°48′30″W / 40.9992°N 93.8082°W / 40.9992; -93.8082 (Osceola (Apr. 26, EF2)) 01:30–01:42 6.75 mi (10.86 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A high-end EF2 tornado was confirmed, directly impacting Osceola. Preliminary information.[39][47]
EF2 SE of Des Moines to Pleasant Hill to S of Altoona Polk IA 41°33′06″N 93°35′07″W / 41.5518°N 93.5852°W / 41.5518; -93.5852 (Des Moines (Apr. 26, EF2)) 01:50–02:02 7.44 mi (11.97 km) 300 yd (270 m)
An EF2 tornado was confirmed, which moved northeast from southeastern portions of Des Moines to Pleasant Hill to south of Altoona. One home in Pleasant Hill was completely unroofed, with trees also being uprooted. One injury occurred during the tornado. Preliminary information.[39][48][47]
EF1 ESE of Monroe Jasper IA 41°30′59″N 93°05′36″W / 41.5163°N 93.0933°W / 41.5163; -93.0933 (Osceola (Apr. 26, EF2)) 02:42–02:46 2.23 mi (3.59 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado was confirmed by NWS Des Moines. One injury occurred with this tornado. Preliminary information.[39][47][49]

April 27 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, April 27, 2024[b]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF? N of Robinson Brown KS 39°56′N 95°24′W / 39.93°N 95.40°W / 39.93; -95.40 (Robinson (Apr. 27, EF?)) 19:09 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A tornado was confirmed by NWS Topeka. Preliminary information.
EF0 W of Corning Nemaha KS 39°40′N 96°08′W / 39.66°N 96.14°W / 39.66; -96.14 (Corning (Apr. 27, EF0)) 19:31–19:32 1.03 mi (1.66 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A brief tornado produced minor tree damage and tore part of the roof off of a barn.[50]
EF0 NNW of Goff Nemaha KS 39°40′N 96°08′W / 39.66°N 96.14°W / 39.66; -96.14 (Goff (Apr. 27, EF0)) 19:45–19:47 0.58 mi (0.93 km) [to be determined]
A brief tornado produced minor tree limb damage. Preliminary information.[50]
EF? Knox City Knox TX 33°25′N 99°52′W / 33.42°N 99.87°W / 33.42; -99.87 (Knox City (Apr. 27, EF?)) 20:06 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A destructive tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[32]
EF0 NW of Newkirk Kay OK [to be determined] [to be determined] [to be determined] [to be determined]
An EF0 tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[51]
EF0 Northwestern Stillwater Payne OK [to be determined] [to be determined] [to be determined] [to be determined]
An EF0 tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[51]
EF0 Northern Norman Cleveland OK [to be determined] 02:28–? [to be determined] [to be determined]
An EF0 tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[32][39]
EF? Ardmore to WSW of Springer Carter OK 34°11′N 97°10′W / 34.19°N 97.17°W / 34.19; -97.17 (Ardmore (Apr. 27, EF?)) 02:57 [to be determined] [to be determined]
A destructive tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[32]
EF3+ Sulphur to NW of Roff Murray OK 34°31′N 96°58′W / 34.51°N 96.97°W / 34.51; -96.97 (Sulphur (Apr. 27, EF3)) 03:24 [to be determined] [to be determined]
1 death – An EF3+ tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. Preliminary information.[51]
EF? Spaulding to Holdenville to NNE of Bearden Hughes, Okfuskee OK 35°05′N 96°25′W / 35.08°N 96.42°W / 35.08; -96.42 (Sulphur (Apr. 27, EF?)) 03:39–? [to be determined] [to be determined]
2 deaths – A long-track, deadly, and destructive tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. At least 2 people were killed including an infant. Preliminary information.[32]
EF1 ENE of Tipton to WNW of Clarksburg Moniteau MO 38°40′07″N 92°44′33″W / 38.6687°N 92.7426°W / 38.6687; -92.7426 (Tipton (Apr. 27, EF?)) 03:59–04:00 1.7 mi (2.7 km) 30 yd (27 m)
Structures and trees were damaged.[52]
EF3+ S of Marietta to Dickson to E of Gene Autry Love, Carter, Johnston OK 35°05′N 96°25′W / 35.08°N 96.42°W / 35.08; -96.42 (Marietta (Apr. 27, EF3)) 04:15–? [to be determined] [to be determined]
1 death - An EF3+ tornado was confirmed by NWS Norman. One death on I-35 near Marietta. Preliminary information.[51]

Non-tornadic effects

A state of emergency was declared by Kansas governor Laura Kelly, in preparation and before the tornado outbreak.[53]

Numerous roads were forced to close as a result of flooding in Oklahoma, including US 77, US 177, and US 266.[54][55] I-35 near the Texas border line was also briefly closed due to downed power lines and overturned vehicles.[54] There were more than 29,000 power outages across Texas, and nearly 11,000 power outages occurred across Nebraska, including nearly 10,000 across the Lincoln, Nebraska area.[4][56][7]

Aftermath

On April 26, a disaster declaration was declared in Pottawattamie County by Iowa governor Kim Reynolds.[57] Following major damage, Eppley Airfield in Omaha, Nebraska was briefly closed, but was re-opened after damage assessments.[58][59] A curfew was also implemented in Washington County, Nebraska from 10pm to 6am for several days.[60]

Early in the morning of April 28, 2024, Oklahoma governor Kevin Stitt issued a state of emergency in 12 Oklahoma counties due to the large amount of damage and ongoing SAR. These include Carter, Cotton, Garfield, Hughes, Kay, Lincoln, Love, Murray, Okfuskee, Oklahoma, Payne and Pontotoc counties.[61]

Notes

  1. ^ A Doppler on Wheels measured this wind speed from the tornado 282 yards (258 m) above the surface.[1]
  2. ^ a b c All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

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