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Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational corporation and fabless semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California, that develops...

The Linux kernel is a free and open-source,: 4  UNIX-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds...

Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash...

A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk...

Parsing, syntax analysis, or syntactic analysis is the process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data...

Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be...

An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (there are also text nodes, comment...

A smart card (SC), chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card), is a card used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit...

Apache Hadoop ( /həˈduːp/) is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitates using a network of many computers to solve problems involving...

Computer graphics deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers. Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film,...

A media type (formerly known as a MIME type) is a two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet. Their purpose is...

Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText...

The von Neumann architecture—also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture—is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John...

RISC-V (pronounced "risk-five": 1 ) is an open standard instruction set architecture (ISA) based on established reduced instruction set computer (RISC)...

In computational complexity theory, a problem is NP-complete when: It is a decision problem, meaning that for any input to the problem, the output is either...

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) are the three security certification programs developed...

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. It was designed to be the successor of the MP3 format and...

Single-precision floating-point format (sometimes called FP32 or float32) is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it...

The usage share of an operating system is the percentage of computers that run that operating system (OS). These statistics are estimates as wide scale...

MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was...

Bebo (/ˈbiːboʊ/ BEE-boh) was an American social networking website that originally operated from 2005 until its bankruptcy in 2013 and relaunched in February...

In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and...

General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU, or less often GPGP) is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles...

Resilient File System (ReFS), codenamed "Protogon", is a Microsoft proprietary file system introduced with Windows Server 2012 with the intent of becoming...

A memory management unit (MMU), sometimes called paged memory management unit (PMMU), is a computer hardware unit that examines all memory references on...

Computational science, also known as scientific computing, technical computing or scientific computation (SC), is a division of science that uses advanced...

Texture mapping is a method for mapping a texture on a computer-generated graphic. Texture here can be high frequency detail, surface texture, or color...

Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful...

The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") is the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. It first appeared in April 1974 and is an extended...

Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power...

The cd command, also known as chdir (change directory), is a command-line shell command used to change the current working directory in various operating...

The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by...

The actor model in computer science is a mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats an actor as the basic building block of concurrent computation...

WolframAlpha (/ˈwʊlf.rəm-/ WUULf-rəm-) is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. It is offered as an online service that answers factual queries...

PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/ and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language initially...

Wikimapia (stylized as wikimapia) is a geographic online encyclopedia project. The project implements an interactive "clickable" web map that utilizes...

In computer science, stream processing (also known as event stream processing, data stream processing, or distributed stream processing) is a programming...

Iterative and incremental development is any combination of both iterative design (or iterative method) and incremental build model for development. Usage...

In computing, traceroute and tracert are diagnostic command-line interface commands for displaying possible routes (paths) and transit delays of packets...

Gizmo5 (formerly known as Gizmo Project and SIPphone) was a voice over IP communications network and a proprietary freeware soft phone for that network...

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a computer networking communications protocol in the transport layer of the Internet protocol suite...

Trusted Computing (TC) is a technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group. The term is taken from the field of trusted systems and has...

IBM Watson Media (formerly Ustream and IBM Cloud Video) is an American virtual events platform company which is a division of IBM. Prior to the IBM acquisition...

Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth LE, colloquially BLE, formerly marketed as Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless personal area network technology designed and...

OS X Lion, also known as Mac OS X Lion, (version 10.7) is the eighth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Mac computers...

A distributed hash table (DHT) is a distributed system that provides a lookup service similar to a hash table. Key–value pairs are stored in a DHT, and...

In cryptography, subliminal channels are covert channels that can be used to communicate secretly in normal looking communication over an insecure channel...

The Power Mac G5 is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 2003 to 2006 as part of the Power Mac...

Internet Small Computer Systems Interface or iSCSI (/aɪˈskʌzi/ eye-SKUZ-ee) is an Internet Protocol-based storage networking standard for linking data...

A window manager is system software that controls the placement and appearance of windows within a windowing system in a graphical user interface. Most...

XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide...

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a cloud computing service model by means of which computing resources are supplied by a cloud services provider....

The OLPC XO (formerly known as $100 Laptop, Children's Machine, 2B1) is a low cost laptop computer intended to be distributed to children in developing...

MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like computer operating system (OS). It is a mixed proprietary and open source OS produced for the Pegasos PowerPC (PPC) processor...

In computing, NaN (/næn/), standing for Not a Number, is a particular value of a numeric data type (often a floating-point number) which is undefined as...

Behavior-driven development (BDD) involves naming software tests using domain language to describe the behavior of the code. BDD involves use of a domain-specific...

In computer programming, dataflow programming is a programming paradigm that models a program as a directed graph of the data flowing between operations...

Java applets are small applications written in the Java programming language, or another programming language that compiles to Java bytecode, and delivered...

MMX is a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set architecture designed by Intel, introduced on January 8, 1997 with its Pentium P5 (microarchitecture)...

In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials. In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial...

Zstandard is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook. Zstd is the corresponding reference implementation in C, released...

Thrift is an interface definition language and binary communication protocol used for defining and creating services for programming languages. It was...

SystemVerilog, standardized as IEEE 1800, is a hardware description and hardware verification language used to model, design, simulate, test and implement...

Question answering (QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned...

The ultimatum game is a game that has become a popular instrument of economic experiments. An early description is by Nobel laureate John Harsanyi in 1961...

An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture. A realization of an ISA is called...

In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly...

This list is divided into proprietary or free software, and open source software, with several comparison tables of different product and vendor characteristics...

Oracle APEX (also known as APEX) is an enterprise low-code application development platform from Oracle Corporation. APEX is used for developing and deploying...

In automata theory, a finite-state machine is called a deterministic finite automaton (DFA), if each of its transitions is uniquely determined by its source...

In computer science, a dynamic programming language is a class of high-level programming languages which at runtime execute many common programming behaviours...

The 2017 Macron e-mail leaks were leaks of more than 20,000 e-mails related to the campaign of Emmanuel Macron during the 2017 French presidential elections...

Nearest neighbor search (NNS), as a form of proximity search, is the optimization problem of finding the point in a given set that is closest (or most...

Samsung SCH-U520 is a phone released on December 7, 2006 by the former U.S. wireless operator Alltel Wireless. The phone was the first phone to support...

In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed...

BitComet (originally named SimpleBT client from versions 0.11 to 0.37) is a cross-protocol BitTorrent, HTTP and FTP client written in C++ for Microsoft...

The IBM 7090 is a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computer that was designed for "large-scale scientific...

ActiveX Document (also known as DocObject or DocObj) is a Microsoft technology that allows users to view and edit Microsoft Word, Excel, and PDF documents...

In mathematical logic, a formula is satisfiable if it is true under some assignment of values to its variables. For example, the formula x + 3 = y {\displaystyle...

In computing, a persistent data structure or not ephemeral data structure is a data structure that always preserves the previous version of itself when...

Microsoft Build Engine, or MSBuild, is a set of free and open-source build tools for managed code under the Common Language Infrastructure as well as native...

"An Open Letter to Hobbyists" is a 1976 open letter written by Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft, to early personal computer hobbyists, in which...

A portable application (portable app), sometimes also called standalone, is a program designed to operate without changing other files or requiring other...

In cryptography, XTEA (eXtended TEA) is a block cipher designed to correct weaknesses in TEA. The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham...

A modified Harvard architecture is a variation of the Harvard computer architecture that, unlike the pure Harvard architecture, allows memory that contains...

In mathematics and computer programming, exponentiating by squaring is a general method for fast computation of large positive integer powers of a number...

Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM or RRAM) is a type of non-volatile (NV) random-access (RAM) computer memory that works by changing the resistance...

Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) is variable bitrate speech coding standard used in CDMA2000 networks. SMV provides multiple modes of operation that are selected...

In the fields of digital electronics and computer hardware, multi-channel memory architecture is a technology that increases the data transfer rate between...

In computer science, storage virtualization is "the process of presenting a logical view of the physical storage resources to" a host computer system,...

The BEAR and LION block ciphers were invented by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham by combining a stream cipher and a cryptographic hash function. The algorithms...

The ThinkPad Tablet is a tablet computer made by Lenovo as part of its series of Android-based tablet devices and is targeted towards business users. Lenovo's...

Sleep mode (or suspend to RAM) is a low power mode for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices. These modes save...

In computing, Java Web Start (also known as JavaWS, javaws or JAWS) is a deprecated framework developed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) that allows users...

In the theory of computation, a branch of theoretical computer science, a pushdown automaton (PDA) is a type of automaton that employs a stack. Pushdown...

Georg C. F. Greve (born 10 March 1973 in Helgoland, Germany) is a software developer, physicist, author and currently co-founder and president at Vereign...

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of HTML editors. Please see the individual products' articles for further information...

The Microsoft Windows platform specific Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (also known variously as CryptoAPI, Microsoft Cryptography API...

A digital identity is data stored on computer systems relating to an individual, organization, application, or device. For individuals, it involves the...

SdlBasic is a multiplatform interpreter for BASIC, using the SDL libraries. Its interpreter core is based on wxBasic. The interpreter can be very useful...

The Dragon 32 and Dragon 64 are home computers that were built in the 1980s. The Dragons are very similar to the TRS-80 Color Computer, and were produced...

In artificial intelligence, a differentiable neural computer (DNC) is a memory augmented neural network architecture (MANN), which is typically (but not...

Asynchronous circuit (clockless or self-timed circuit): Lecture 12  : 157–186  is a sequential digital logic circuit that does not use a global clock circuit...

In artificial intelligence and philosophy[verification needed], case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based...

Explainable AI (XAI), often overlapping with interpretable AI, or explainable machine learning (XML), either refers to an artificial intelligence (AI)...

The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol provides the ability to secure communications across or inside networks. This comparison of TLS implementations...

A mechanical computer is a computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears rather than electronic components. The most common examples...

In the field of database design, a multi-model database is a database management system designed to support multiple data models against a single, integrated...

Hunk is the executable file format of tools and programs of the Amiga Operating System based on Motorola 68000 CPU and other processors of the same family...

The move-to-front (MTF) transform is an encoding of data (typically a stream of bytes) designed to improve the performance of entropy encoding techniques...

make menuconfig is one of five similar tools that can configure Linux source, a necessary early step needed to compile the source code. make menuconfig...

Web Services Discovery provides access to software systems over the Internet using standard protocols. In the most basic scenario there is a Web Service...

Separation of content and presentation (or separation of content and style) is the separation of concerns design principle as applied to the authoring...

Extreme programming (XP) is an agile software development methodology used to implement software systems. This article details the practices used in this...

In computer science, an LL parser (Left-to-right, leftmost derivation) is a top-down parser for a restricted context-free language. It parses the input...

An off-by-one error or off-by-one bug (known by acronyms OBOE, OBO, OB1 and OBOB) is a logic error that involves a number that differs from its intended...

In computing, Internet Key Exchange (IKE, versioned as IKEv1 and IKEv2) is the protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol...

Self is an general-purpose, high-level, object-oriented programming language based on the concept of prototypes. Self began as a dialect of Smalltalk,...

In computer science, an interval tree is a tree data structure to hold intervals. Specifically, it allows one to efficiently find all intervals that overlap...

Federico Faggin (Italian pronunciation: [fedeˈriːko fadˈdʒin], Venetian: [faˈdʒiŋ]; born 1 December 1941) is an Italian-American physicist, engineer, inventor...

libtorrent is an open-source implementation of the BitTorrent protocol. It is written in and has its main library interface in C++. Its most notable features...

In computer programming, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors on different runs...

Link-state routing protocols are one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet switching networks for computer communications, the others...

Multimodal interaction provides the user with multiple modes of interacting with a system. A multimodal interface provides several distinct tools for input...

In computer science, a consistency model specifies a contract between the programmer and a system, wherein the system guarantees that if the programmer...

Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a software architecture paradigm concerning the production and detection of events. An event can be defined as "a significant...

Open publishing is a term used by Matthew Arnison in March 2001 to describe the online process of creating text, audio and video news by methods that are...

Spaghetti sort is a linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items, introduced by A. K. Dewdney in his Scientific American column. This...

GhostNet (simplified Chinese: 幽灵网; traditional Chinese: 幽靈網; pinyin: YōuLíngWǎng) is the name given by researchers at the Information Warfare Monitor to...

Semantic interoperability is the ability of computer systems to exchange data with unambiguous, shared meaning. Semantic interoperability is a requirement...

Win4Lin is a discontinued proprietary software application for Linux which allowed users to run a copy of Windows 9x, Windows 2000 or Windows XP applications...

Chipmunk Basic is a freeware interpreter for the BASIC programming language maintained by Ron Nicholson. Chipmunk basic was originally developed for the...

The binding properties pattern is combining multiple observers to force properties in different objects to be synchronized or coordinated in some way....

In a computer operating system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithms decide which memory pages to page out, sometimes...

In configuration management, a baseline is an agreed description of the attributes of a product, at a point in time, which serves as a basis for defining...

3D video coding is one of the processing stages required to manifest stereoscopic content into a home. There are three techniques which are used to achieve...

stat() is a Unix system call that returns file attributes about an inode. The semantics of stat() vary between operating systems. As an example, Unix command...

The NS32000, sometimes known as the 32k, is a series of microprocessors produced by National Semiconductor. The first member of the family came to market...

CH /ˌsiːˈeɪtʃ/ is a proprietary cross-platform C and C++ interpreter and scripting language environment. It was originally designed by Harry Cheng as a...

AspectJ is an aspect-oriented programming (AOP) extension for the Java programming language, created at PARC. It is available in Eclipse Foundation open-source...

Database tuning describes a group of activities used to optimize and homogenize the performance of a database. It usually overlaps with query tuning, but...

MUSIC-N refers to a family of computer music programs and programming languages descended from or influenced by MUSIC, a program written by Max Mathews...

An American flag sort is an efficient, in-place variant of radix sort that distributes items into buckets. Non-comparative sorting algorithms such as radix...

Electronic billing or electronic bill payment and presentment, is when a seller such as company, organization, or group sends its bills or invoices over...

Interactive geometry software (IGS) or dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) are computer programs which allow one to create and then manipulate geometric...

A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member)...

Ascender Corporation was a digital typeface foundry and software development company in the Chicago suburb of Elk Grove Village, Illinois. It was founded...

The OpenBSD operating system focuses on security and the development of security features.: xxvii  According to author Michael W. Lucas, OpenBSD "is widely...

An embedded pushdown automaton or EPDA is a computational model for parsing languages generated by tree-adjoining grammars (TAGs). It is similar to the...

In time series analysis, dynamic time warping (DTW) is an algorithm for measuring similarity between two temporal sequences, which may vary in speed. For...

A federation is a group of computing or network providers agreeing upon standards of operation in a collective fashion. The term may be used when describing...

Microsoft BizTalk Server is an inter-organizational middleware system (IOMS) that automates business processes through the use of adapters which are tailored...

A data structure diagram (DSD) is the visual representation of a certain kind of data model that contains entities, their relationships, and the constraints...

The Evolution of Cooperation is a 1984 book written by political scientist Robert Axelrod that expands upon a paper of the same name written by Axelrod...

A message broker (also known as an integration broker or interface engine) is an intermediary computer program module that translates a message from the...

A flicker fixer or scan doubler is a piece of computer hardware that de-interlaces an output video signal. The flicker fixer accomplishes this by adjusting...

In numerical analysis, the Kahan summation algorithm, also known as compensated summation, significantly reduces the numerical error in the total obtained...

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) is the Microsoft implementation of NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS computer names...

Software rendering is the process of generating an image from a model by means of computer software. In the context of computer graphics rendering, software...

Combustion was a computer program for motion graphics, compositing, and visual effects developed by Discreet Logic, a division on Autodesk, and originally...

In economics, dynamic inconsistency or time inconsistency is a situation in which a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that a...

MiWi is a proprietary wireless protocol supporting peer-to-peer, star network connectivity. It was designed by Microchip Technology. MiWi uses small, low-power...

Pascal MicroEngine is a series of microcomputer products manufactured by Western Digital from 1979 through the mid-1980s, designed specifically to run...

STARAN in the information technology industry might be the first commercially available computer designed around an associative memory. The STARAN computer...

Security controls are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer...

In computer science and formal methods, a SAT solver is a computer program which aims to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem. On input a formula over...

Core War is a 1984 programming game created by D. G. Jones and A. K. Dewdney in which two or more battle programs (called "warriors") compete for control...

The fat tree network is a universal network for provably efficient communication. It was invented by Charles E. Leiserson of the Massachusetts Institute...

Configurators, also known as choice boards, design systems, toolkits, or co-design platforms, are responsible for guiding the user[who?] through the c...

The Covox Speech Thing is an external digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that plugs into the parallel printer port of a PC. It converts 8-bit digital sound...

A bokode is a type of data tag which holds much more information than a barcode over the same area. They were developed by a team led by Ramesh Raskar...

DICT is a dictionary network protocol created by the DICT Development Group in 1997, described by RFC 2229. Its goal is to surpass the Webster protocol...

Idris is a purely-functional programming language with dependent types, optional lazy evaluation, and features such as a totality checker. Idris may be...

Design rule for Camera File system (DCF) is a JEITA specification (number CP-3461) which defines a file system for digital cameras, including the directory...

In the mathematics of computational complexity theory, computability theory, and decision theory, a search problem is a type of computational problem represented...

In software architecture, a messaging pattern is an architectural pattern which describes how two different parts of an application, or different systems...

In computer science, a logistic model tree (LMT) is a classification model with an associated supervised training algorithm that combines logistic regression...

T/Maker (Table Maker) was one of the first spreadsheet programs designed for the personal computer user and released by Peter Roizen in 1979. The application...

Java Data Objects (JDO) is a specification of Java object persistence. One of its features is a transparency of the persistence services to the domain...

Frama-C stands for Framework for Modular Analysis of C programs. Frama-C is a set of interoperable program analyzers for C programs. Frama-C has been developed...

Adaxa Suite is a fully integrated[vague] Open Source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Suite. Adaxa Suite has a General Public License GPL/GPL2 license...

The SQL/Schemata, or Information and Definition Schemas, part of the SQL standard is defined by ISO/IEC 9075-11:2008. SQL/Schemata defines the information...

Xenu, or Xenu's Link Sleuth, is a computer program that checks websites for broken hyperlinks. It is written by Tilman Hausherr and is proprietary software...

Database testing usually consists of a layered process, including the user interface (UI) layer, the business layer, the data access layer and the database...

Service choreography in business computing is a form of service composition in which the interaction protocol between several partner services[clarification...

An object code optimizer, sometimes also known as a post pass optimizer or, for small sections of code, peephole optimizer, forms part of a software compiler...

In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data...

Information flow in an information theoretical context is the transfer of information from a variable x {\displaystyle x} to a variable y {\displaystyle...

First-order equational logic consists of quantifier-free terms of ordinary first-order logic, with equality as the only predicate symbol. The model theory...

TCP NAT traversal and TCP hole punching (sometimes NAT punch-through) in computer networking occurs when two hosts behind a network address translation...

The U-matrix (unified distance matrix) is a representation of a self-organizing map (SOM) where the Euclidean distance between the codebook vectors of...

Change impact analysis (IA) or impact analysis is the analysis of changes within a deployed product or application and their potential consequences.[b...

Software product management (sometimes also referred to as digital product management, or in the right context just product management) is the discipline...

ProZ.com is a membership-based website targeting freelance translators. Founded in 1999, it is mainly used for posting and responding to translation job...

Helios is a discontinued Unix-like operating system for parallel computers. It was developed and published by Perihelion Software. Its primary architecture...

"In object-oriented systems with multiple inheritance, some mechanism must be used for resolving conflicts when inheriting different definitions of the...

Software evolution is the continual development of a piece of software after its initial release to address changing stakeholder and/or market requirements...

In computational geometry, the Bentley–Ottmann algorithm is a sweep line algorithm for listing all crossings in a set of line segments, i.e. it finds the...

Chaff is an algorithm for solving instances of the Boolean satisfiability problem in programming. It was designed by researchers at Princeton University...

Fine Artist is a raster graphics editor program created by Microsoft Kids in 1993. Using this program, it is possible to create paintings. The interface...

Ehcache (/ˈiːeɪtʃkæʃ/ EE-aytch-kash) is an open source Java distributed cache for general-purpose caching, Java EE and light-weight containers[clarify]...

BitClout is an open source blockchain-based social media platform. On the platform, users can post short-form writings and photos, award money to posts...

In computer science and operations research, randomized rounding is a widely used approach for designing and analyzing approximation algorithms. Many combinatorial...

OpenAI Codex is an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI. It parses natural language and generates code in response. It powers GitHub Copilot...

The roofline model is an intuitive visual performance model used to provide performance estimates of a given compute kernel or application running on multi-core...

Grammar systems theory is a field of theoretical computer science that studies systems of finite collections of formal grammars generating a formal language...

A functional software architecture (FSA) is an architectural model that identifies enterprise functions, interactions and corresponding IT needs. These...

A semantic grid is an approach to grid computing in which information, computing resources and services are described using the semantic data model. In...

In databases, a synonym is an alias or alternate name for a table, view, sequence, or other schema object. They are used mainly to make it easy for users...

MAPPER Systems, now known as Business Information Server, BIS, is a fourth-generation programming language originally from Sperry Univac. Now owned by...

The Nuclear Instrumentation Module (NIM) standard defines mechanical and electrical specifications for electronics modules used in experimental particle...

The Windows 9x series of operating systems (e.g. Windows 95, Windows 98) used a monolithic kernel to power the inner components of such operating systems...

In algebra, a presentation of a monoid (or a presentation of a semigroup) is a description of a monoid (or a semigroup) in terms of a set Σ of generators...

In network science, a gradient network is a directed subnetwork of an undirected "substrate" network where each node has an associated scalar potential...

Middleware analysts are computer software engineers with a specialization in products that connect two different computer systems together. These products...

Cydoor is a spyware and adware first detected in 2003. The Cydoor software downloads advertisements from the Cydoor servers, to be displayed in the Cydoor-supported...

The market for zero-day exploits is commercial activity related to the trafficking of software exploits. Software vulnerabilities and "exploits" are used...

In cryptography, a key ceremony is a ceremony held to generate or use a cryptographic key. A public example is the signing of the DNS root zone for DNSSEC...

In mathematics, the Lagrangian theory on fiber bundles is globally formulated in algebraic terms of the variational bicomplex, without appealing to the...

Compunet was a United Kingdom-based interactive service provider,[vague] catering primarily for the Commodore 64 but later for the Amiga and Atari ST....

In computer graphics, the centripetal Catmull–Rom spline is a variant form of the Catmull–Rom spline, originally formulated by Edwin Catmull and Raphael...

Zone Routing Protocol, or ZRP is a hybrid wireless networking routing protocol that uses both proactive and reactive routing protocols when sending information...

Double boot (also known as cold double boot, double cold boot, double POST, power-on auto reboot, or fake boot) is a feature of the BIOS, and may occur...

In cryptocurrencies, an unspent transaction output (UTXO) is a distinctive element in a subset of digital currency models. A UTXO represents a certain...

ptrace is a system call found in Unix and several Unix-like operating systems. By using ptrace (an abbreviation of "process trace") one process can control...

The Wiener's attack, named after cryptologist Michael J. Wiener, is a type of cryptographic attack against RSA. The attack uses the continued fraction...

Xvfb or X virtual framebuffer is a display server implementing the X11 display server protocol. In contrast to other display servers, Xvfb performs all...

An ontology chart is a type of chart used in semiotics and software engineering to illustrate an ontology. The nodes of an ontology chart represent universal...

Masking threshold within acoustics (a branch of physics that deals with topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound , and infrasound), refers to a process...

In mathematics, the constant problem is the problem of deciding whether a given expression is equal to zero. This problem is also referred to as the identity...

Projective texture mapping is a method of texture mapping that allows a textured image to be projected onto a scene as if by a slide projector. Projective...

An iSCSI target is a storage resource located on an iSCSI server (more generally, one of potentially many instances of iSCSI storage nodes running on that...

Joyce Weisbecker (born 1958) is an American retired[citation needed] engineer and actuary. She became the first female commercial video game designer in...

Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble numerical equations, but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers...

User-in-the-Loop (UIL) refers to the notion that a technology (e.g., network) can improve a performance objective by engaging its human users (Layer 8)...

In computer networking, hypercube networks are a type of network topology used to connect and route data between multiple processing units or computers...

Frame-bursting is a communication protocol feature used at the link layer in communication networks to alter the transmission characteristics in order...

ICMP hole punching is a technique employed in network address translator (NAT) applications for maintaining Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packet...

Following the development of Keynesian economics, applied economics began developing forecasting models based on economic data including national income...

In cryptography, a pseudorandom ensemble is a family of variables meeting the following criteria: Let U = { U n } n ∈ N {\displaystyle U=\{U_{n}\}_{n\in...

In proof theory, ludics is an analysis of the principles governing inference rules of mathematical logic. Key features of ludics include notion of compound...

Safe semantics is a computer hardware consistency model. It describes one type of guarantee that a data register provides when it is shared by several...

The Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) is an extension of the ATM ARP routing mechanism that is sometimes used to improve the efficiency of routing computer...

This is a list of algebraic number theory topics. These topics are basic to the field, either as prototypical examples, or as basic objects of study. Algebraic...

Snarf is a term used by computer programmers and the UNIX community meaning to copy a file or data over a network, for any purpose, with additional specialist...

JUNG (the Java Universal Network/Graph Framework) is an open-source graph modeling and visualization framework written in Java, under the BSD license....

Neural cliques are network-level memory coding units in the hippocampus. They are functionally organized in a categorical and hierarchical manner. Researchers...

Timway (simplified Chinese: 添达; traditional Chinese: 添達; pinyin: Tiān Dá) is a web portal and directory primarily serving Hong Kong. The Timway Hong Kong...

Praxeme is a methodology for enterprise architecture which provides a structured approach to the design and implementation of an enterprise information...

Polychotomous key refers to the number of alternatives which a decision point may have in a non-temporal hierarchy of independent variables. The number...

Xara Flare Open Vector File Format is a format that was introduced in 1997 by XARA to compete with the Macromedia Flash format. The format was open and...

In formal language theory, an LL grammar is a context-free grammar that can be parsed by an LL parser, which parses the input from Left to right, and constructs...

In software engineering, an amelioration pattern is an anti-pattern formed when an existing software design pattern was edited (i.e. rearranged, added...

Information space is the set of concepts, and relations among them, held by an information system; it describes the range of possible values or meanings...

In algebraic number theory, a reflection theorem or Spiegelungssatz (German for reflection theorem – see Spiegel and Satz) is one of a collection of theorems...

A multi-bearer network (MBN) is a network having the capability to carry a data packet via one of several alternative bearers. To be more precise, the...

HP nPartitions are hard partition technology in HP's Virtual Server Environment. nPartitions (or nPar) are electrically isolated from other nPar partitions...

An Active message (in computing) is a messaging object capable of performing processing on its own. It is a lightweight messaging protocol used to optimize...

A load-balanced switch is a switch architecture which guarantees 100% throughput with no central arbitration at all, at the cost of sending each packet...

The Winston Smith Project (Italian: Progetto Winston Smith, or PWS) is an informational and operational project for the defence of human rights on the...

Process Control Daemon (PCD) is an open source, light-weight system level process manager/controller for Embedded Linux based projects (such as consumer...

Authenticated Identity Body or AIB is a method allowing parties in a network to share authenticated identity, thereby increasing the integrity of their...

In model checking, a field of computer science, a region is a convex polytope in R d {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}} for some dimension d {\displaystyle...

Design Space Exploration (DSE) refers to systematic analysis and pruning of unwanted design points based on parameters of interest. While the term DSE...

Regular semantics is a computer hardware consistency model. It describes a type of guarantee provided by a processor register that is shared by several...

A file format is a procedure to encode information for storage in a computer file. The databank format is an ASCII file format for time series econometric...

The Deadline Scheduler is an I/O scheduler, or disk scheduler, for the Linux kernel. It was written in 2002 by Jens Axboe. The main purpose of the Deadline...

A System Deployment Image (aka SDI) is a file format used primarily with Microsoft products to contain an arbitrary disk image, including boot sector information...

AutoMan is a series of software implementations used both for job scheduling and console operations automation for z/OS. These implementations range from...

Semantic analysis is a method for eliciting and representing knowledge about organisations.[vague] Initially the problem must be defined by domain experts...

Chih-Wei Huang (黃志偉) is a developer and promoter of free software who lives in Taiwan. He is famous for his work in the VoIP and internationalization and...

Utilising the DW/BI system is the final step before business users gain access to the information. The first impression the business community gets is...

In object-oriented programming, an indexer allows instances of a particular class or struct to be indexed just like arrays. It is a form of operator overloading...

An Interest Flooding Attack (IFA) is a denial-of-service attack in an Information-centric network (or Content-Centric Networking (CCN) or Named Data Networking...

Application Lifecycle Framework (ALF) was an Eclipse Foundation project to develop an open framework[vague] for system integration and interoperability...

In computer security, the Zardoz list, more formally known as the Security-Digest list, was a famous semi-private full disclosure mailing list run by Neil...

SLR grammars are the class of formal grammars accepted by a Simple LR parser. SLR grammars are a superset of all LR(0) grammars and a subset of all LALR(1)...

A virtual security appliance is a computer appliance that runs inside virtual environments. It is called an appliance because it is pre-packaged with a...

Hybrid testing is what most frameworks evolve/develop into over time and multiple projects. The most successful automation frameworks generally accommodate...

The Monroe Calculating Machine Mark XI (or Monrobot XI) was a general-purpose stored-program electronic digital computer introduced in 1960 by the Monroe...

Spring Integration is an open source framework for enterprise application integration using the well-known Enterprise Integration Patterns. It is a lightweight[clarify]...

A term graph is a representation of an expression in a formal language as a generalized graph whose vertices are terms[clarify]. Term graphs are a more...

CAL (the Cal Actor Language) is a high-level programming language for writing (dataflow) actors, which are stateful operators that transform input streams...

The confederate effect is the phenomenon of people falsely classifying human intelligence as machine (or artificial) intelligence during Turing tests....

AGNITIO S.L. was a voice biometrics technology company, headquartered in Madrid, Spain. Biometric authentication uses unique biological characteristics...

Throughout history, architects have often been chosen by setting up an architectural competition and awarding the commission on the basis of the most favoured...

E-society, or "electronic society", is a society that consists of one or more e-Communities involved in the areas from e-Government, e-Democracy, and e-Business...

In software engineering, the Extract Class refactoring is applied when a class becomes overweight with too many methods and its purpose becomes unclear...

I Write Like is a website created by Russian software programmer Dmitry Chestnykh, founder of software company Coding Robots. The site analyzes users'...

CISPR 11 is an international standard analog to European standard EN 55011. This is the standard that is very often referenced in all European EMC standards...

In mathematics, symmetric convolution is a special subset of convolution operations in which the convolution kernel is symmetric across its zero point...

In computer science, state space enumeration are methods that consider each reachable program state to determine whether a program satisfies a given property...

Restful Objects is a standard covering RESTful interfaces to domain object models. The specification is published under a Creative Commons license. The...

In computer programming, a usage message or help message is a brief message displayed by a program that utilizes a command-line interface for execution...

Virtual worlds are an example of an early 21st-century post-convergent medium. Virtual worlds present a complex matrix of interdependent relationships...

In automata theory and control theory, branches of mathematics, theoretical computer science and systems engineering, a noncommutative signal-flow graph...

The Wave Mate Bullet was a Z80 single-board computer from 1982 which used the CP/M operating system. It was sold in Australia, the United States and Europe...

StoredIQ was a company founded for information lifecycle management (ILM) of unstructured data. Founded in 2001 as Deepfile in Austin, Texas by Jeff Erramouspe...

JArchitect is a static analysis tool for Java code. This tool supports a large number of code metrics, allows for visualization of dependencies using directed...

The Broadcast/Multicast control (BMC) is a sublayer of layer 2 protocol of Radio Interface Protocol Architecture as per BMC-STD. It exists in the user...

Environmental memory is the sum of explicit, persistent and structured data of knowledges, models and scientific expertise linked to an environmental observation...

In philosophy, a core ontology is a basic and minimal ontology consisting only of the minimal concepts required to understand the other concepts. It must...

TextEdit was the name of a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) in the classic Mac OS for performing text editing. These APIs were originally...

OneAPI is a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) supported by the GSM Association that exposes network capabilities[clarify] over the Internet...

HDCopy is a disk image application for floppy disks that runs in MS-DOS. It can copy a floppy on the fly, or by using archives with IMG file extension...

OnGreen is an online social and business platform committed to cleantech technologies.[vague] Entrepreneurs post plans to get connections, feedback and...

Nuclear computation is a type of computation which allows threads to either spawn new threads or converge many threads to one. The aim of nuclear computation...

A characteristic-based product configurator is a product configurator extension which uses a set of discrete variables, called characteristics (or features)...

Negative Branch Reservations is an emerging phenomenon from Eliyahu Goldratt's Theory of Constraints. A Negative Branch Reservation is a cause and effect...

GFIRST is the United States Government Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams. Background: GFIRST was formed because there was a need and desire...

Key or hash function should avoid clustering, the mapping of two or more keys to consecutive slots. Such clustering may cause the lookup cost to skyrocket...

MexScript is a multi-paradigm computer scripting language used in a number[vague] of game resource archive file handlers.[clarification needed] It was...

In telecommunications, Multi-Technology Operations System Interface (MTOSI) is a standard for implementing interfaces between OSSs. Service providers (carriers)...

Array-Based Queuing Lock (ABQL) is an advanced lock algorithm that ensures that threads spin on unique memory locations thus ensuring fairness of lock...

Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) is a group of people who seek to make the Semantic Web operational in their respective settings...

In TRIZ, inventive standards are a set of rules of synthesis and transformation of technical systems directly resulting from laws of evolution of these...

In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the complementation of an automaton[clarify] is the problem of computing an automaton that...

An interpreter directive is a computer language construct, that on some systems is better described as an aspect of the system's executable file format...

vx-underground also known as VXUG, is an educational website about malware and cybersecurity. It claims to have the largest online repository of malware...