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This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. 1 (one, unit, unity) is...

Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained...

This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. 0 (zero) is a number representing...

2 (two) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 1 and preceding 3. It is the smallest and only even prime number. Because it...

5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. It has garnered...

In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued...

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers...

3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime...

Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis,...

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve...

In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable. The standard deviation...

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which...

In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function...

In linear algebra, it is often important to know which vectors have their directions unchanged by a given linear transformation. An eigenvector (/ˈaɪɡən-/...

In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted i, called the imaginary...

In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate...

In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle:...

In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. The set X is called the domain of the function...

The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution...

Mathematics portal 1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or one milliard, one yard, long scale) is the natural number following...

A false positive is an error in binary classification in which a test result incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition (such as a disease when...

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although...

In statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is...

Infinity is something which is boundless, endless, or larger than any natural number. It is often denoted by the infinity symbol ∞ {\displaystyle \infty...

In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number...

In trigonometry, trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every value of the occurring variables for...

Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study"...

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data...

In statistics, linear regression is a statistical model which estimates the linear relationship between a scalar response and one or more explanatory variables...

In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the log-odds of an event as a linear combination of one or more independent...

Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the part of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object...

42 (forty-two) is the natural number that follows 41 and precedes 43. Forty-two (42) is the sixth pronic number and the eighth abundant number, with an...

Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible...

Informally, in frequentist statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is an interval which is expected to typically contain the parameter being estimated....

In mathematics, a polynomial is a mathematical expression consisting of indeterminates (also called variables) and coefficients, that involves only the...

A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation...

Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most...

In common usage, data (/ˈdeɪtə/, also US: /ˈdætə/; ) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity...

Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a...

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify...

A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of...

In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of...

In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value...

The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points...

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a...

In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects...

Big O notation is a mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity...

Monte Carlo methods, or Monte Carlo experiments, are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical...

In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample...

666 (six hundred [and] sixty-six) is the natural number following 665 and preceding 667. In Christianity, 666 is referred to in (most manuscripts of) chapter...