Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party: Difference between revisions

{{Expand Arabic|حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي|date=June 2016}}

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|leader=Abdel Majid Mohamed Tayeb Rafi

|ideology=[[Ba'athism#Neo-Ba'athism|Neo-Ba'athism]],<br>[[Ba'athism#Saddamism|Saddamism]]

|religion=

|seats1={{Composition bar|0|128|hex={{Ba'ath Party/meta/color}}}}

The '''Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي ''Hizb Al-Taliyeh Lubnan Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki'') is a [[political party]] in [[Lebanon]]. The party is led by Abdel Majid Mohamed Tayeb Rafi.<ref>Aḥmad, Aḥmad Yūsuf. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MYptAAAAMAAJ al-Ḥarb al-isrāʼīlīya ʻalā Lubnān: at-tadāʻīyāt al-lubnānīya wa-'l-isrāʼīlīya wa-taʼtīrātuhā al-ʻarabīya wa-'l-iqlīmīya wa-'d-duwalīya ; buḥūt wa-munāqašāt an-Nadwa al-Fikrīya allatī naẓẓamahā Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥda al-ʻArabīya]''. Bairūt: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥda al-ʻArabīya, 2006.</ref><ref name="p1">{{cite web|author=[[Staff writer]]|publisher=Lebanon Knowledge Development Gateway|trans_title=Political society as the "vanguard party, Arab Socialist Party of Lebanon|script-title=ar:جمعية سياسية باسم "حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي"|date=|accessdate=18 February 2012|language=Arabic|url=http://lkdg.org/ar/node/1146}}</ref> It is the Lebanese regional branch of the [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party]]. The party held its second congress in October 2011. Founders of the party included Dr. Abdel Majib Mohamed Tayeb Rafi, Jihad George Karam, Rafiq Nasib Alfaqiya, Karam Mohamed Assahli, Hani Mohamed Shoiab, Ammar Mohamed Shabli, Hassan Khalil Gharib and Asaf Habin Alharakat.<ref name="p1"/>

The existence of the Lebanese branch of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party has much longer roots than its [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)|Syrian-led counterpart]]. Following the 1966 split in the [[Ba'ath Party]] between Iraqi and Syrian-dominated factions, the pro-Iraqi party was led by Abd al-Majid Rafei.<ref>Solh, Raghid El-. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=49z7AFqIE2IC&pg=PA331 Lebanon and Arabism]''. London: I. B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Lebanese Studies, 2004. p. 331</ref><ref>Rabinovich, Itamar, and Itamar Rabinovich. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2PbLcYdLUgsC&pg=PA79 The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985]''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. p. 79</ref>

At first the pro-Iraqi party and the pro-Syrian party worked side-by-side in the National Front, but with tension increasing between them, the two parties were on a war footing.<ref>{{cite book|author=Rabinovich, Itamar|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2PbLcYdLUgsC&pg=PA79 79]|title=The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|year=1985|isbn=978-0-8014-9313-3}}</ref> The party was active in 1960s demonstrations,<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA143 143]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> and al-Rafei was detained by Lebanese authorities for his political activities.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA144 144]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> However, he was a candidate from [[Lebanese general election, 1968 in Tripoli City|Tripoli in the 1968 general election]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Zumiyya, Jamal|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NZo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA106 106]|title=The parliamentary election of Lebanon 1968|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL Archive]]|year=1972|volume=2|isbn=}}</ref> The party expanded during the first half of the 1970s,<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA74 74]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> and in the [[Lebanese general election, 1972|1972 general election]] al-Rafi was elected to parliament from [[Tripoli District|Tripoli]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|author=Tachau, Frank|year=1994|isbn=978-0-313-26649-2|page=[https://books.google.com/books?ei=sARAT–r_DKbd4QSkyKioCA&hl=no&id=OEOLAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Abdel+Majib+al–Rafi%22&q=%22al–Rafi%22#search_anchor 307]}}</ref> Ali al-Khalil, a former member, was elected from [[Tyre District|Tyre]]. The party was active in [[southern Lebanon]], and was built with generous aid from Iraq.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA198 198]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> During the [[Lebanese Civil War]], the Lebanese parliament formed the National Dialogue Committee in 1975. [[Assem Qanso]] of the pro-Syrian party became a member, but no figures from the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath Party were given a seat on the committee.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA316 316]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> Tahsein al-Atrash, leader of the Ba'ath branch at the time, was shot dead in November 1981.<ref>{{cite book|author=O'Ballance, Edgar|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iZhJgTkW058C&pg=PA111 111]|title=Civil war in Lebanon, 1975–92|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=1998|isbn=978-0-312-21593-4}}</ref> The party was a member of the [[Lebanese National Movement]], a political organisation led by [[Walid Jumblatt]] of the [[Progressive Socialist Party]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Cassese, Antonio|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0jNCMwZN2c4C&pg=PA205 205]|title=The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force|publisher=[[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]|year=1986|isbn=978-90-247-3247-0}}</ref> Throughout its existence, it has controlled the Palestinian [[Arab Liberation Front]].<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RMANAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA58 58]|title=Guerrillas for Palestine|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=1976|isbn=}}</ref>

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