Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox political party

|name=Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party

|native_name=حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي

|logo=

|colorcode={{party color|Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party}}

|leader=[[Abd al-Majid al-Rafei]]

|foundation={{start date|1966}}

|headquarters=[[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]

|ideology=[[Ba'athism]]<br />[[Socialism]]<br />[[Secularism]]<br />[[Saddamism]]<br />[[Anti-Zionism]]

|position=

| blank1_title = Battles/Wars

| blank1 = [[Lebanese Civil War]]<br />[[1978 South Lebanon conflict]]<br />[[Battle of the Hotels]]<br />[[Siege of Beirut]]

|international=[[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party]]

|colors=Black, Red, White and Green

|seats1_title=[[Parliament of Lebanon]]

|seats1={{Composition bar|0|128|{{party color|Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party}}}}

|flag=[[File:Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg|150px|border|Logo of the Ba'ath Party]]

|country=Lebanon

|footnotes=}}

{{Ba'athism sidebar}}

The '''Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي ''Hizb Al-Taliyeh Lubnan Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki'') is a [[political party]] in [[Lebanon]]. The party was led by [[Abd al-Majid al-Rafei]]<ref>Aḥmad, Aḥmad Yūsuf. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MYptAAAAMAAJ al-Ḥarb al-isrāʼīlīya ʻalā Lubnān: at-tadāʻīyāt al-lubnānīya wa-'l-isrāʼīlīya wa-taʼtīrātuhā al-ʻarabīya wa-'l-iqlīmīya wa-'d-duwalīya ; buḥūt wa-munāqašāt an-Nadwa al-Fikrīya allatī naẓẓamahā Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥda al-ʻArabīya]''. Bairūt: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥda al-ʻArabīya, 2006.</ref><ref name="p1">{{cite web|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|publisher=Lebanon Knowledge Development Gateway|trans-title=Political society as the "vanguard party, Arab Socialist Party of Lebanon|script-title=ar:جمعية سياسية باسم "حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي"|access-date=18 February 2012|language=ar|url=http://lkdg.org/ar/node/1146}}</ref> until his death in July 2017. It is the Lebanese regional branch of the [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party]]. The party held its second congress in October 2011. Founders of the party included Dr. Abd al-Majid al-Rafe'ii, Jihad George Karam, Rafiq Naseeb al-Faqih,Rashid Abo Falah,Karam Mohamed al-Sahili, Hani Mohammad Sho'aib, Ammar Mohammad Shibli, Hassan Khalil Gharib and [[Wassef El Harakeh]].<ref name="p1"/> Although formally affiliated to the [[Ba'athist Iraq|Sunni-dominated regime]] in [[Baghdad]], the majority of the party's members were [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Lebanese Shiites]].<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref>

The existence of the Lebanese branch of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party has much longer roots than its [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)|Syrian-led counterpart]]. Following the 1966 split in the [[Ba'ath Party]] between Iraqi and Syrian-dominated factions, the pro-Iraqi party was led by Abd al-Majid Rafei.<ref>Solh, Raghid El-. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=49z7AFqIE2IC&pg=PA331 Lebanon and Arabism]''. London: I. B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Lebanese Studies, 2004. p. 331</ref><ref>Rabinovich, Itamar, and [[Itamar Rabinovich]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2PbLcYdLUgsC&pg=PA79 The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985]''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. p. 79</ref>

At first, the pro-Iraqi party and the pro-Syrian party worked side-by-side in the [[Lebanese National Movement]] (also known as the National Front), but with tension increasing between them, the two parties were on a war footing.<ref>{{cite book|author=Rabinovich, Itamar|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2PbLcYdLUgsC&pg=PA79 79]|title=The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|year=1985|isbn=978-0-8014-9313-3}}</ref> The party was active in 1960s demonstrations,<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA143 143]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> and al-Rafei was detained by Lebanese authorities for his political activities.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA144 144]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> However, he was a candidate from [[Lebanese general election, 1968 in Tripoli City|Tripoli in the 1968 general election]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Zumiyya, Jamal|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NZo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA106 106]|title=The parliamentary election of Lebanon 1968|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL Archive]]|year=1972|volume=2}}</ref> The party expanded during the first half of the 1970s,<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA74 74]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> and in the [[1972 Lebanese general election|1972 general election]] al-Rafi was elected to parliament from [[Tripoli District, Lebanon|Tripoli]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|author=Tachau, Frank|year=1994|isbn=978-0-313-26649-2|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OEOLAAAAMAAJ&q=%22al-Rafi%22 307]}}</ref> Ali al-Khalil, a former member, was elected from [[Tyre District|Tyre]]. The party was active in [[southern Lebanon]].In nabatieh it was headed by hani mohammad Shoaib.The party was built with generous aid from Iraq.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA198 198]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref>

==Syrias Intervention in Lebanon==

== Lebanese Civil War ==

During the [[Lebanese Civil War]], the Lebanese parliament formed the National Dialogue Committee in 1975. [[Assem Qanso]] of the pro-Syrian party became a member, but no figures from the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath Party were given a seat on the committee.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA316 316]|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref> The party was a member of the [[Lebanese National Movement]], a political alliance led by [[Kamal Jumblatt]] of the [[Progressive Socialist Party]], and had an organized a militia of around 2000 armed men that received its funding and weapons by Iraq.<ref>{{cite book|author=El-Khazen, Farid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC|title=The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-08105-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Cassese, Antonio|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0jNCMwZN2c4C&pg=PA205 205]|title=The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force|publisher=[[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]|year=1986|isbn=978-90-247-3247-0}}</ref>

The party was a big critic of both Syria and Israels invasions of Lebanon. The party supported the Lebanese arab identity and wanted an arab state. It was a main factor in the battle of the hotels and Israels invasions of Lebanon 1978 and 1982.

Following the execution of [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] by Saddam Hussein in April 1980, the party came into conflict with [[Amal Movement]], which culminated in tit-for-tat assassinations and clashes in Shia majority suburbs of [[Dahieh]] until late 1981.<ref name="arashr">{{cite book |last1=Reisinezhad |first1=Arash |title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-89947-3 |isbn=9783319899473 |s2cid=187523435 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-89947-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shaery-Eisenlohr |first1=Roschanack |title=Shi'ite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities |date=2011 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231144278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrpRagljvA4C}}</ref> In November 1981, Tahsein al-Atrash, leader of the Ba'ath branch at the time, was shot dead.<ref>{{cite book|author=O'Ballance, Edgar|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iZhJgTkW058C&pg=PA111 111]|title=Civil war in Lebanon, 1975–92|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=1998|isbn=978-0-312-21593-4}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region]]

*[[Lebanese Civil War]]

*[[Lebanese National Movement]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Ba'ath Party}}

{{Lebanese political parties}}

[[Category:1966 establishments in Lebanon]]

[[Category:Arab nationalism in Lebanon]]

[[Category:Arab nationalist militant groups]]

[[Category:Ba'athist parties]]

[[Category:Ba'athist regional branches|Lebanon]]

[[Category:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War]]

[[Category:Lebanese National Movement]]

[[Category:Nationalist parties in Lebanon]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 1966]]

[[Category:Socialist parties in Lebanon]]