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'''Saint-Jean-du-Maroni''' is a village in [[French Guiana]], in the [[Communes of France|commune]] of [[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] on the [[Maroni |
'''Saint-Jean-du-Maroni''' is a village in [[French Guiana]], in the [[Communes of France|commune]] of [[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] on the river [[Maroni (river)|Maroni]]. The village is mainly inhabited by [[Ndyuka people|Ndyuka]] [[Maroon people|Maroons]].<ref name="zduc"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Saint-Jean-du-Maroni was established in 1857 as a sub camp of the [[Penal colony#France|penal colony]] Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, where the convicts had to perform [[Unfree labour|forced labour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://convictvoyages.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/French-Guyana.pdf|title=French-Guyana|access-date=31 May 2020|website=Convict Voyages}}</ref> When the first prisoners arrived in ''Camp de la Rélégation'' on 20 June 1887, nothing was ready and they had to |
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni was established in 1857 as a sub camp of the [[Penal colony#France|penal colony]] Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, where the convicts had to perform [[Unfree labour|forced labour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://convictvoyages.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/French-Guyana.pdf|title=French-Guyana|access-date=31 May 2020|website=Convict Voyages}}</ref> When the first prisoners arrived in ''Camp de la Rélégation'' on 20 June 1887, nothing was ready and they had to build the camp themselves. Most prisoners were housed in straw huts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://criminocorpus.org/fr/expositions/bagnes/le-camp-de-la-relegation-de-saint-jean-du-maroni/|title=Le camp de la relégation de Saint-Jean-du-Maroni |website=Crimino Corpus|access-date=7 June 2020|language=fr}}</ref> The camps were abolished in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/the-guianas/french-guiana/st-laurent-du-maroni|title=St Laurent du Maroni travel|access-date=31 May 2020|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> |
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[[File:St Jean-du-Maroni (Guyane Francaise) - Depart du Train.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Train at St Jean-du-Maroni (1900)]] |
[[File:St Jean-du-Maroni (Guyane Francaise) - Depart du Train.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Train at St Jean-du-Maroni (1900)]] |
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Between 1890 and 1897, a 16 kilometre [[Decauville railway]] was |
Between 1890 and 1897, a 16 kilometre [[Decauville railway]] was constructed between Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Saint-Jean-du-Maroni. The railway was abandoned after the penal camps closed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/frenchguiana02.htm|title=Prison Railways in French Guiana, 2014 |website=International Steam|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref> |
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In 1987, [[Jacques Chirac]] as [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] established Zones of Collective Use Rights (ZDUC). Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is the only [[Ndyuka people|Ndyuka]] village in France with a ZDUC status.<ref name="zduc">{{cite |
In 1987, [[Jacques Chirac]] as [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] established Zones of Collective Use Rights (ZDUC). Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is the only [[Ndyuka people|Ndyuka]] village in France with a ZDUC status.<ref name="zduc">{{cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/confins/9688|title=Un atlas des Zones de droits d'usage collectifs en Guyane|journal=Confins. Revue Franco-Brésilienne de Géographie / Revista Franco-Brasilera de Geografia|language=fr|access-date=31 May 2020|date=2014|issue=21}}</ref> ZDUC means that the village has [[communal land]] for hunting, fishing, agriculture and gathering.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/zones-droit-usage-amerindiens-comprendre-attributions-du-foncier-mieux-gerer-770565.html|title=Les zones de droit d'usage des Amérindiens : comprendre les attributions du foncier pour mieux le gérer (1/2)|website=France la Première|access-date=31 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> |
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During 27 and 28 June 1988, a secret meeting was held in Saint-Jean-du-Maroni between the [[Suriname National Army]], [[Jungle Commando]], and [[France]] as [[mediator]] to discuss peace after the [[Surinamese Interior War]] which resulted in the 1989 |
During 27 and 28 June 1988, a secret meeting was held in Saint-Jean-du-Maroni between the [[Suriname National Army]], [[Jungle Commando]], and [[France]] as [[Mediation|mediator]] to discuss peace after the [[Surinamese Interior War]] which resulted in the 1989 Kourou ceasefire accords.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.une-saison-en-guyane.com/article/histoire/jungle-commandoretour-sur-la-guerre-civile-du-suriname-1986-1992/|title=Jungle Commando - Retour sur la guerre civile du Suriname 1986-1992|website=Une Saison en Guyane|access-date=31 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> |
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Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is home to a military base of the Regiment of the Adapted Military Service (RSMA), and is the site where the [[General Staff]] is located.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsmaguyane.fr/rsma-guyane/le-regiment.html|title=Qui sommes-nous?|website=RSMA Guyane.fr|access-date=31 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> |
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is home to a military base of the Regiment of the Adapted Military Service (RSMA), and is the site where the [[General Staff]] is located.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsmaguyane.fr/rsma-guyane/le-regiment.html|title=Qui sommes-nous?|website=RSMA Guyane.fr|access-date=31 May 2020|language=fr}}</ref> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint-Jean-Du-Maroni}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint-Jean-Du-Maroni}} |
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[[Category:Former penal colonies]] |
[[Category:Former penal colonies]] |
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[[Category:Ndyuka settlements]] |
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[[Category:Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] |
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[[Category:Villages in French Guiana]] |
[[Category:Villages in French Guiana]] |
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{{FrenchGuiana-geo-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 03:51, 17 May 2023
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Convicts in 1885 in Saint-Jean-de-Maroni | |
  Saint-Jean-du-Maroni Location in French Guiana | |
| Coordinates: 5°24′20″N 54°4′40″W / 5.40556°N 54.07778°W | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas region | French Guiana |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
| Commune | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is a village in French Guiana, in the commune of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni on the river Maroni. The village is mainly inhabited by Ndyuka Maroons.[1]
History[edit]
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni was established in 1857 as a sub camp of the penal colony Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, where the convicts had to perform forced labour.[2] When the first prisoners arrived in Camp de la Rélégation on 20 June 1887, nothing was ready and they had to build the camp themselves. Most prisoners were housed in straw huts.[3] The camps were abolished in 1946.[4]
Between 1890 and 1897, a 16 kilometre Decauville railway was constructed between Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Saint-Jean-du-Maroni. The railway was abandoned after the penal camps closed.[5]
In 1987, Jacques Chirac as Prime Minister established Zones of Collective Use Rights (ZDUC). Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is the only Ndyuka village in France with a ZDUC status.[1] ZDUC means that the village has communal land for hunting, fishing, agriculture and gathering.[6]
During 27 and 28 June 1988, a secret meeting was held in Saint-Jean-du-Maroni between the Suriname National Army, Jungle Commando, and France as mediator to discuss peace after the Surinamese Interior War which resulted in the 1989 Kourou ceasefire accords.[7]
Saint-Jean-du-Maroni is home to a military base of the Regiment of the Adapted Military Service (RSMA), and is the site where the General Staff is located.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Un atlas des Zones de droits d'usage collectifs en Guyane". Confins. Revue Franco-Brésilienne de Géographie / Revista Franco-Brasilera de Geografia (in French) (21). 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "French-Guyana" (PDF). Convict Voyages. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Le camp de la relégation de Saint-Jean-du-Maroni". Crimino Corpus (in French). Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ "St Laurent du Maroni travel". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Prison Railways in French Guiana, 2014". International Steam. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Les zones de droit d'usage des Amérindiens : comprendre les attributions du foncier pour mieux le gérer (1/2)". France la Première (in French). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Jungle Commando - Retour sur la guerre civile du Suriname 1986-1992". Une Saison en Guyane (in French). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Qui sommes-nous?". RSMA Guyane.fr (in French). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint-Jean-du-Maroni.
