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{{Infobox Political party
{{Infobox political party
| name = ''Republican Party''
| name = ''Republican Party''
| native_name = Partido Republicano
| native_name = Partido Republicano
Line 14: Line 14:
| website =
| website =
| country = Brazil
| country = Brazil
| footnotes = {{notelist}}
| footnotes = {{Notelist}}
}}
}}
The '''Republican Party''' ({{lang-pt|Partido Republicano}}, PR) was a political party in [[Brazil]]. The PR was founded by former [[president of Brazil]] [[Artur Bernardes]] in 1945 and operated almost solely in [[Minas Gerais]]. It succeeded the old, local [[Republicanism|republican]] parties in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Maranhão]], [[Pernambuco]], and [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Brasil|first=CPDOC-Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação História Contemporânea do|title=PARTIDO REPUBLICANO (PR)|url=http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-republicano-pr|access-date=2021-03-06|website=CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil|language=pt-br}}</ref> The party was shut down in 1965, when all political parties were abolished by the [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|military dictatorship]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Parties|url=http://english.tse.jus.br/the-brazilian-electoral-system/political-parties-1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-13|website=english.tse.jus.br|language=en}}</ref>
The '''Republican Party''' ({{lang-pt|Partido Republicano}}, PR) was a political party in [[Brazil]]. The PR was founded by former [[president of Brazil]] [[Artur Bernardes]] in 1945 and operated almost solely in [[Minas Gerais]]. It succeeded the old, local [[Republicanism|republican]] parties in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Maranhão]], [[Pernambuco]], and [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Brasil|first=CPDOC-Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação História Contemporânea do|title=PARTIDO REPUBLICANO (PR)|url=http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/partido-republicano-pr|access-date=2021-03-06|website=CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil|language=pt-br}}</ref> The party was shut down in 1965, when all political parties were abolished by the [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|military dictatorship]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Parties|url=http://english.tse.jus.br/the-brazilian-electoral-system/political-parties-1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-13|website=english.tse.jus.br|language=en}}</ref>
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== Political positions==
== Political positions==
The Republican Party defended the [[Federative units of Brazil|federal]] constitutional structure and [[representative government]]; it held that the political and administrative autonomy of the states assured the national unity and "the peace and prestige of the Republic". The RP supported [[separation of powers]] between the [[executive (government)|executive]], legislature and [[Judiciary of Brazil |judiciary]], as well as [[bicameralism]], [[universal suffrage]], and [[compulsory voting]] by [[secret ballot]]. It also insisted on a [[term limits|single-term limit]] for the president and the state governors.<ref name=":0" />
The Republican Party defended the [[Federative units of Brazil|federal]] constitutional structure and [[representative government]]; it held that the political and administrative autonomy of the states assured the national unity and "the peace and prestige of the Republic". The RP supported [[separation of powers]] between the [[executive (government)|executive]], legislature and [[Judiciary of Brazil|judiciary]], as well as [[bicameralism]], [[universal suffrage]], and [[compulsory voting]] by [[secret ballot]]. It also insisted on a [[term limits|single-term limit]] for the president and the state governors.<ref name=":0" />


Economically, the party advocated [[state intervention]] to "stimulate, support and supply private initiative, to regulate competition and avoid abuses and exploitation that sacrifice the collective economy. For the party, the State should abstain from production or intermediary activities in the economy. Private property should be maintained "as an element of individual freedom and as the best form of social use of goods, subject, however, to the limitations of collective interest. Finally, the party believed in ensuring production on an economic basis, and of industrial decentralization, with the location of factories closer to the raw materials.<ref name=":0" />
Economically, the party advocated [[state intervention]] to "stimulate, support and supply private initiative, to regulate competition and avoid abuses and exploitation that sacrifice the collective economy. For the party, the State should abstain from production or intermediary activities in the economy. Private property should be maintained "as an element of individual freedom and as the best form of social use of goods, subject, however, to the limitations of collective interest. Finally, the party believed in ensuring production on an economic basis, and of industrial decentralization, with the location of factories closer to the raw materials.<ref name=":0" />
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|[[Cristiano Machado]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]])<ref name=":0" />
|[[Cristiano Machado]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]])<ref name=":0" />
|''None''
|''None''
|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]; [[Republican Party (Brazil)|PR]]; [[Orienting Labour Party|POT]]; [[Social Labour Party|PST]]
|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]; PR; [[Orienting Labour Party|POT]]; [[Social Labour Party|PST]]
|1.697.173
|1.697.173
|21,49%
|21,49%
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|[[Juscelino Kubitschek]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]])<ref name=":0" />
|[[Juscelino Kubitschek]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]])<ref name=":0" />
|''None''
|''None''
|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]; [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|PTB]]; [[Republican Party (Brazil)|PR]]; [[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]]; [[Social Labour Party|PST]]; [[Republican Labour Party (1948)|PRT]]
|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]; [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|PTB]]; PR; [[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]]; [[Social Labour Party|PST]]; [[Republican Labour Party (1948)|PRT]]
|3.077.411
|3.077.411
|35,68%
|35,68%
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|[[Jânio Quadros]] ([[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]])<ref name=":0" />
|[[Jânio Quadros]] ([[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]])<ref name=":0" />
|''None''
|''None''
|[[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]]; [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|UDN]]; [[Republican Party (Brazil)|PR]]; [[Liberator Party (Brazil)|PL]]; [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|PDC]]
|[[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945)|PTN]]; [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|UDN]]; PR; [[Liberator Party (Brazil)|PL]]; [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|PDC]]
|5.636.623
|5.636.623
|48,26%
|48,26%
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Political history of Brazil]]
[[Category:Political history of Brazil]]
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[[Category:1945 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1965 disestablishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1965 disestablishments in Brazil]]


{{Brazil-party-stub}}
{{Brazil-party-stub}}

Revision as of 12:23, 27 April 2021

Republican Party
Partido Republicano
LeaderArthur Bernardes
Founded1945
Dissolved1965[a]
Merged intoNational Renewal Alliance
HeadquartersRio de Janeiro, RJ
ColoursGreen
TSE number41
  1. ^ All parties were dissolved by the military regime on this date.

The Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano, PR) was a political party in Brazil. The PR was founded by former president of Brazil Artur Bernardes in 1945 and operated almost solely in Minas Gerais. It succeeded the old, local republican parties in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Maranhão, Pernambuco, and Paraná.[1] The party was shut down in 1965, when all political parties were abolished by the military dictatorship.[1][2]

History

The party was founded by Artur Bernardes, former president of Brazil and member of the Republican Party in Minas Gerais, which was banned by the Estado Novo in 1937. The party reformed in 1945, with the new Electoral Code in Brazil,[1] which required parties to operate at the national level only. Having been temporary members of the Nacional Democratic Union (UDN), the members of the old republican parties in Brazil announced their withdrawal from the UDN on August 14, 1945. The new Republican Party gathered members of the old local Republican parties of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Maranhão, Pernambuco and Paraná. In the 1945 presidential election, it supported Eduardo Gomes of the UDN.[1] In the 1945 legislative elections, the party won seven mandates to the Constituent Assembly, six from Minas Gerais and one from Maranhão.[1]

During the government of President Eurico Gaspar Dutra, it supported Dutra. During the 1950 presidential election, some branches of the party backed UDN candidate Gomes, but the party's wing in Minas Gerais supported the Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate, Cristiano Machado; both were defeated by Getúlio Vargas. In the legislative elections in that same year, the party won 11 seats, most of them from Minas Gerais.[1]

In the 1954 general elections, the party made gains, achieving 19 mandates, mostly from Minas Gerais. In the 1955 presidential election, the party joined with the PSD to support the successful candidacy of Juscelino Kubitschek. For a while the party joined the PSD party and the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB).[clarify] In 1958 this bloc was dissolved, because the party supported the UDN candidate, Jânio Quadros, for the 1960 presidential election. The party's Minas Gerais wing, led by Clóvis Salgado, Tristão da Cunha and João Belo, backed Quadros' opponent.[1] The PR was banned by the Brazilian military dictatorship, through AI-2 (Institutional Act Number Two) on October 27, 1965.[1]

Political positions

The Republican Party defended the federal constitutional structure and representative government; it held that the political and administrative autonomy of the states assured the national unity and "the peace and prestige of the Republic". The RP supported separation of powers between the executive, legislature and judiciary, as well as bicameralism, universal suffrage, and compulsory voting by secret ballot. It also insisted on a single-term limit for the president and the state governors.[1]

Economically, the party advocated state intervention to "stimulate, support and supply private initiative, to regulate competition and avoid abuses and exploitation that sacrifice the collective economy. For the party, the State should abstain from production or intermediary activities in the economy. Private property should be maintained "as an element of individual freedom and as the best form of social use of goods, subject, however, to the limitations of collective interest. Finally, the party believed in ensuring production on an economic basis, and of industrial decentralization, with the location of factories closer to the raw materials.[1]

Electoral history

Presidential Elections

The party never fielded a presidential candidate. It often supported PSD candidates. The exception was in 1960, when the party supported the candidacy of Jânio Quadros.

Election Candidate preferred by the Party Running mate Coalition First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
1945 None None None - - - - -
1950 Cristiano Machado (PSD)[1] None PSD; PR; POT; PST 1.697.173 21,49% - - Lost Red XN
1955 Juscelino Kubitschek (PSD)[1] None PSD; PTB; PR; PTN; PST; PRT 3.077.411 35,68% - - Elected Green tickY
1960 Jânio Quadros (PTN)[1] None PTN; UDN; PR; PL; PDC 5.636.623 48,26% - - Elected Green tickY
1964 None None None - - - - -

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Brasil, CPDOC-Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação História Contemporânea do. "PARTIDO REPUBLICANO (PR)". CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  2. ^ "Political Parties". english.tse.jus.br. Retrieved 2021-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)


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