List of provinces of Balhae: Difference between revisions
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* 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day [[Ning'an]]. |
* 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day [[Ning'an]]. |
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* 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of [[Ning'an County]], northwest of [[Jingpo Lake]] |
* 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of [[Ning'an County]], northwest of [[Jingpo Lake]] |
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* 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day [[Ning'an|Ning'an City]], on the east bank of the [[Mudan River |
* 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day [[Ning'an|Ning'an City]], on the east bank of the [[Mudan River]], or in the northwest of present-day [[Linkou County]]. |
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|[[Sushen]]<br>숙신<br>肅愼 |
|[[Sushen]]<br>숙신<br>肅愼 |
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|[[Hamheung]]<br> |
|[[Hamheung]]<br> |
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* 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today [[Hamhung]], [[North Korea |
* 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today [[Hamhung]], [[North Korea]]. Another theory is that it is located in Namsansŏng (南山城), [[Kyongsong County]] and [[Pukchong County]]. |
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* 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of [[Hamhung]]). |
* 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of [[Hamhung]]). |
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* 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, [[Maengsan County]]) |
* 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, [[Maengsan County]]) |
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* 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of [[Linjiang|Linjiang City.]]) |
* 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of [[Linjiang|Linjiang City.]]) |
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* 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today [[Ji'an, Jilin|Jian]]). |
* 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today [[Ji'an, Jilin|Jian]]). |
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* 풍주(豊州) = Today [[Hyesan]] and [[Changbai Korean Autonomous County |
* 풍주(豊州) = Today [[Hyesan]] and [[Changbai Korean Autonomous County]]. Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 安豐、渤恪、隰壤、硤石. The seat was in 安豐. |
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* 정주(正州). The seat was in [[:zh:富尔江|Fu'er River]] basin in [[Tonghua]]. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣. |
* 정주(正州). The seat was in [[:zh:富尔江|Fu'er River]] basin in [[Tonghua]]. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣. |
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* 화주(華州): The seat is now in [[Ussuriysk]], Russia). Another theory is that it was located in Dachengzi Village (大城子村), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province.]]<br>익주(益州): The seat was in Bohai Ancient City near [[Vladivostok]], and its jurisdiction was in the [[Razdolnaya|Suifen River]] basin. |
* 화주(華州): The seat is now in [[Ussuriysk]], Russia). Another theory is that it was located in Dachengzi Village (大城子村), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province.]]<br>익주(益州): The seat was in Bohai Ancient City near [[Vladivostok]], and its jurisdiction was in the [[Razdolnaya|Suifen River]] basin. |
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* 건주(建州): Is located in Dachengzi Ancient City (大城子古城), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning City]], Heilongjiang Province. It is also said that it was in [[:ru:Красный_Яр_(Уссурийский_городской_округ)|Krasnyi Yar village]] near Ussuriysk. on the other side of the [[Suifen River |
* 건주(建州): Is located in Dachengzi Ancient City (大城子古城), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning City]], Heilongjiang Province. It is also said that it was in [[:ru:Красный_Яр_(Уссурийский_городской_округ)|Krasnyi Yar village]] near Ussuriysk. on the other side of the [[Suifen River]]. |
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|불열<br>拂涅 |
|불열<br>拂涅 |
Latest revision as of 05:36, 5 October 2023
The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the Liaodong Peninsula. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of:
- 5 capitals: a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals
- 15 provinces; and
- 62 prefectures.
Table of provinces[edit]
Former State | Province | Capitals/Ancient name | Prefectures level 속주(屬州) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hanja | Hangul | RR, Pinyin | Hanja | Hangul | RR, Pinyin | Modern location | ||
Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
龍泉府 | 용천부 | Yongcheon Longquan |
上京/龍州 | 상경/용주 | Sanggyeong/Yongju Shangjing/Longzhou |
Ning'an (寧安市) (Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔) |
|
Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
顯德府 | 현덕부 | Hyundeok Xiande |
中京/顯州 | 중경/현주 | Junggyeong/Hyeonju Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
Helong/Dunhua (和龍市/敦化市) |
|
Yemaek 예맥 濊貊 |
龍原府 | 용원부 | Yongwon Longyuan |
東京/慶州 | 동경/경주 | Donggyeong/Gyeongju Dongjing/Qingzhou |
Hunchun |
|
Okjeo 옥저 沃沮 |
南海府 | 남해부 | Namhae Nanhai |
南京/沃州 | 남경/옥주 | Namgyeong/Okju Nanjing/Wozhou |
Hamheung |
|
Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
鴨綠府 | 압록부 | Amnok Yalü |
西京/神州 | 서경/신주 | Seogyeong/Sinju Xijing/Shenzhou |
Linjiang |
|
Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
長嶺府 | 장령부 | Jangnyeong Changling |
瑕州 | 하주 | Haju Xiazhou |
Jingyu (靖宇县) |
|
Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
夫餘府 | 부여부 | Buyeo Fuyu |
扶州 | 부주 | Buju Fuzhou |
Kaiyuan |
|
Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
鄚頡府 | 막힐부 | Makhil Moxie |
鄚州 | 막주 | Makju Mozhou |
Acheng (阿城) |
|
읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
定理府 | 정리부 | Jeongni Dingli |
定州 | 정주 | Jeongju/Dingzhou | Partizansk |
|
읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
安邊府 | 안변부 | Anbyeon Anbian |
安州 | 안주 | Anju Anzhou |
Olga |
|
솔빈 率賓 |
率賓府 | 솔빈부 | Solbin Shuaibin |
華州 | 화주 | Hwaju Huazhou |
Ussuriysk/Shuaibin |
|
불열 拂涅 |
東平府 | 동평부 | Dongpyeong Dongping |
伊州 | 이주 | Iju Yizhou |
Dangbi (密山市/当壁鎮) |
이주(伊州) 몽주(蒙州) 타주(沱州)=Troitskoye 흑주(黑州) 비주(比州) |
철리 鐵利 |
鐵利府 | 철리부 | Cheolli Tieli |
德理鎮 | 덕리진 | Deongnijin/Delizhen | Yilan (依蘭郷) |
광주(廣州) 분주(汾州) 포주(蒲州) 해주(海州) 귀주(歸州) |
월희 越喜 |
懷遠府 | 회원부 | Hoewon Huaiyuan |
達州 | 달주 | Dalju | Tongjiang (同江市) |
달주(達州) 월주(越州) 회주(懷州) 기주(紀州) 부주(富州) 미주(美州) 복주(福州) 사주(邪州) 지주(芝州) |
월희 越喜 |
安遠府 | 안원부 | Anyuan Anwon |
寧州 | 영주 | Yeongju Ningzhou |
Dalnerechensk | 영주(寧州) 미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny 모주(慕州) 상주(常州) |
Former Balhae provinces[edit]
Manzhou Yuanliu Kao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign's message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy the Songhua and Wusuli River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
- 약홀주(若忽州) (present-day Dandong)
- 목저주(木底州) (present-day Yewutai (葉武臺), Faku County, Liaoning Province, near the Taizi River)
- 현도주 (玄兎州) (near present-day Manzhouli)
Correspondence[edit]
- Balhae Provinces coming from Andong protectorate :
- Namhae province is corresponding to former Qusu (Hangul: 거소주 Hanja/Hanzi :去素州), Qudan (Hangul: 거단주 Hanja/Hanzi :去旦州), 식리주(識利州)
- Wolhui province is corresponding to former Yuexi (Hangul: 월희주 Hanja/Hanzi :越喜州)
- Dongpyeong is corresponding to former Funie 불열주(拂涅州)
- Jangnyung is corresponding to former 제북주(諸北州)
- Yalu is corresponding to former 안시주(安市州) and 창암주(倉巖州)
- Hoewon is corresponding to former 연진주(延津州)
- Hyeondeok is corresponding to former 여산주(黎山州)
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- (in Korean) 발해내 말갈의 위치에 관한 지도
- (in Korean) 발해 행정지도 5경 15부 62주
- (in Korean) 발해의 행정지도
- (in Japanese) Ningan the Supreme Capital of Balhae Kingdom
- (in Chinese) 渤海国行政区划(转贴)(中,朝)
- The Union of the Ye-mack Tungus and the Mohe-Ruzhen Tungus[permanent dead link]