List of provinces of Balhae: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|None}} |
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The [[Balhae]] kingdom controlled most of the historical region of [[Manchuria]] within the [[Amur River]] until the sea. Similar to the workings of the Chinese [[Tang Dynasty]], the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of : |
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:- 5 capitals : a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals |
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:- 15 provinces |
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:- and 62 prefectures |
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{{unreferenced|date=August 2013}} |
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The [[Balhae]] (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern [[Korean Peninsula]], the area from the [[Amur River]] (''Heilong Jiang'') to the [[Strait of Tartary]], and the [[Liaodong Peninsula]]. Similar to the workings of the Chinese [[Tang dynasty]], the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of: |
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*5 capitals: a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals |
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*15 provinces; and |
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*62 prefectures. |
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==Table of provinces== |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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!rowspan="2"|Former State |
!rowspan="2"|Former State |
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!colspan=" |
!colspan="3"|[[Province]] |
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!colspan="4"|Capitals/Ancient name |
!colspan="4"|Capitals/Ancient name |
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!rowspan="2"|Prefectures level 속주(屬州) |
!rowspan="2"|Prefectures level 속주(屬州) |
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|- |
|- |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[Hanja]] |
!style="valign:top;"|[[Hanja]] |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[Hangul]] |
!style="valign:top;"|[[Hangul]] |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[ |
!style="valign:top;"|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]], [[Pinyin]] |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[Hanja]] |
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!<small>Approximal extent in terms of modern locations</small> |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[ |
!style="valign:top;"|[[Hangul]] |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[ |
!style="valign:top;"|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]], [[Pinyin]] |
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!style="valign:top;"|[[Revised_Romanization_of_Korean|Korean Romanization]] |
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!Modern location |
!Modern location |
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|- |
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| Line 24: | Line 27: | ||
|용천부 |
|용천부 |
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|Yongcheon<br>Longquan |
|Yongcheon<br>Longquan |
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|上京/龍州 |
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|x |
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|상경/용주 |
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|上京 |
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|Sanggyeong/Yongju<br>Shangjing/Longzhou |
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|상경 |
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|Sanggyeong<br>Shangjing |
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|[[Ning'an]] (寧安市) <br> ([[Manchu]]: Ninguta 寧古塔) |
|[[Ning'an]] (寧安市) <br> ([[Manchu]]: Ninguta 寧古塔) |
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|용주(龍州)<br>호주(湖州)=宁安县西南<br>발주(渤州)=牡丹江市城区南 |
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* 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day [[Ning'an]]. |
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* 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of [[Ning'an County]], northwest of [[Jingpo Lake]] |
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* 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day [[Ning'an|Ning'an City]], on the east bank of the [[Mudan River]], or in the northwest of present-day [[Linkou County]]. |
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|[[Sushen]]<br>숙신<br>肅愼 |
|[[Sushen]]<br>숙신<br>肅愼 |
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| Line 35: | Line 40: | ||
|현덕부 |
|현덕부 |
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|Hyundeok<br>Xiande |
|Hyundeok<br>Xiande |
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|x |
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|中京/顯州 |
|中京/顯州 |
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|중경/현주 |
|중경/현주 |
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|Junggyeong/Hyeonju<br>Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
|Junggyeong/Hyeonju<br>Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
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|[[Helong]]/[[Dunhua]]<br> (和龍市/敦化市) |
|[[Helong]]/[[Dunhua]]<br> (和龍市/敦化市) |
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|노주(盧州)=安图县<br>현주(顯州)<br>철주(鐵州)<br>탕주(湯州)=灵峰县<br>영주(榮州)<br>흥주(興州)=[[Baihe]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=June 2011}} |
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* 노주(盧州) = [[Antu County]] (山陽、杉盧、漢陽、白岩、霜岩) |
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* 현주(顕州) |
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* 철주(鐵州) |
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* 탕주(湯州) = 靈峰縣 (now in [[:zh:额穆镇|Emu]], [[Dunhua|Dunhua City]]), (靈峰、常豐、白石、均谷、嘉利) |
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* 영주(榮州) = [[:zh:和龙市#:~:text=%E5%92%8C%E9%BE%8D%E5%B8%82%E5%85%A7%E6%9C%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%AF%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%EF%BC%88%E4%BF%97%E7%A8%B1%E3%80%8C%E8%99%9B%E8%90%8A%E5%9F%8E%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%89%E5%85%A9%E5%BA%A7%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%8E%E5%9D%80%E3%80%82%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8C%E8%A5%BF%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E6%98%AF%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%AC%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%BA%9C%E7%9A%84%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%8C%E5%B8%83%E5%B1%80%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E3%80%81%E5%85%AB%E9%80%A3%E5%9F%8E%E7%9B%B8%E5%90%8C%E3%80%821982%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8C%E8%A2%AB%E5%88%97%E7%82%BA%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D|Xigucheng]] (西古城) in [[Helong|Helong City]] (崇山、溈水、綠城) |
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* 흥주(興州) = [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture|Baihe]] |
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* 涑州（獨奏州）= [[:zh:土城子满族朝鲜族乡|Tuchengzi Manchu and Korean Township]] ([[Changyi District]], [[Jilin City]]) |
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|- |
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|[[Yemaek]]<br>예맥<br>濊貊 |
|[[Yemaek]]<br>예맥<br>濊貊 |
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| Line 46: | Line 57: | ||
|용원부 |
|용원부 |
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|Yongwon<br>Longyuan |
|Yongwon<br>Longyuan |
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|東京/慶州 |
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|x |
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|동경/경주 |
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|東京 |
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|Donggyeong/Gyeongju<br>Dongjing/Qingzhou |
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|동경 |
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|Donggyeong<br>Dongjing |
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|[[Hunchun]]<br> |
|[[Hunchun]]<br> |
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|경주(慶州)<br>염주(鹽州)=[[Zarubino]] <br>목주(穆州)<br>하주(賀州) |
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* 경주(慶州) = [[:zh:八连城遗址|Baliancheng]] ([[Hunchun]]). Having three counties under its jurisdiction: 龍原、永安 (now [[:zh:英安镇|Ying'an Town]], [[Hunchun]])、壁谷 (now in [[:zh:春化镇|Chunhua Town]], Hunchun) |
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* 염주(鹽州) = [[Zarubino]]. The seat was in 龍河縣 (now [[Kraskino]]). Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 海陽、接海、格川、龍河. |
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* 목주(穆州): The seat was in 會農縣 (now Ryongbung-lodongjagu, [[Kyongwon County]], [[North Korea]])<br>하주(賀州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 洪賀、送誠、吉理、石山 |
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|- |
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|[[Okjeo]]<br>옥저<br>沃沮 |
|[[Okjeo]]<br>옥저<br>沃沮 |
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| Line 57: | Line 70: | ||
|남해부 |
|남해부 |
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|Namhae<br>Nanhai |
|Namhae<br>Nanhai |
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|南京/沃州 |
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|x |
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|남경/옥주 |
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|南京 |
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|Namgyeong/Okju<br>Nanjing/Wozhou |
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|남경 |
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|Namgyeong<br>Nanjing |
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|[[Hamheung]]<br> |
|[[Hamheung]]<br> |
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|옥주(沃州)<br>정주(睛州)<br>초주(椒州) |
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* 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today [[Hamhung]], [[North Korea]]. Another theory is that it is located in Namsansŏng (南山城), [[Kyongsong County]] and [[Pukchong County]]. |
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* 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of [[Hamhung]]). |
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* 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, [[Maengsan County]]) |
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|[[Goguryeo]]<br>고구려<br>高句麗 |
|[[Goguryeo]]<br>고구려<br>高句麗 |
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| Line 68: | Line 83: | ||
|압록부 |
|압록부 |
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|Amnok<br>Yalü |
|Amnok<br>Yalü |
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|x |
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|西京/神州 |
|西京/神州 |
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|서경/신주 |
|서경/신주 |
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|Seogyeong/Sinju<br>Xijing/Shenzhou |
|Seogyeong/Sinju<br>Xijing/Shenzhou |
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|[[Linjiang, Jilin|Linjiang]] |
|[[Linjiang, Jilin|Linjiang]] |
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|신주(神州)<br>환주(桓州)=[[Ji'an, Jilin|Jian]] <br>풍주(豊州)=[[Hyesan]]<br>정주(正州)=[[Tonghua]] |
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* 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of [[Linjiang|Linjiang City.]]) |
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* 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today [[Ji'an, Jilin|Jian]]). |
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* 풍주(豊州) = Today [[Hyesan]] and [[Changbai Korean Autonomous County]]. Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 安豐、渤恪、隰壤、硤石. The seat was in 安豐. |
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* 정주(正州). The seat was in [[:zh:富尔江|Fu'er River]] basin in [[Tonghua]]. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣. |
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|[[Goguryeo]]<br>고구려<br>高句麗 |
|[[Goguryeo]]<br>고구려<br>高句麗 |
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| Line 79: | Line 97: | ||
|장령부 |
|장령부 |
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|Jangnyeong<br>Changling |
|Jangnyeong<br>Changling |
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|x |
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|瑕州 |
|瑕州 |
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|하주 |
|하주 |
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|Haju<br>Xiazhou |
|Haju<br>Xiazhou |
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|Jingyu<br>(靖宇县) |
|[[Jingyu, Jilin|Jingyu]]<br>(靖宇县) |
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|하주(瑕州)<br> 하주(河州) |
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* 하주(瑕州): The seat was in Sumigouxiang (蘇密溝鄉), [[Huadian, Jilin|Huadian]] (Jilin). |
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* 하주(河州): The seat was in Shancheng town (山城鎮), [[Meihekou|Maihekou]]. |
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|- |
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|[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]]<br>부여<br>夫餘 |
|[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]]<br>부여<br>夫餘 |
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| Line 90: | Line 109: | ||
|부여부 |
|부여부 |
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|Buyeo<br>Fuyu |
|Buyeo<br>Fuyu |
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|x |
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|扶州 |
|扶州 |
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|부주 |
|부주 |
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|Buju<br>Fuzhou |
|Buju<br>Fuzhou |
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|[[Kaiyuan, Liaoning|Kaiyuan]] |
|[[Kaiyuan, Liaoning|Kaiyuan]] |
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|부주(扶州)· 선주(仙州)= [[Caoshi]] |
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* 부주(扶州): The seat was in 扶餘縣 (today Yimian City (一面城) of [[Siping, Jilin|Siping]]). It has jurisdiction over four counties: 扶餘、布多、長平、永平. |
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* 선주(仙州): The seat was in Chengzishan Mountain City (城子山山城) in Xifeng County, Liaoning. It has jurisdiction over three counties: 強師（帥）、新安、漁谷.. |
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|[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]]<br>부여<br>夫餘 |
|[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]]<br>부여<br>夫餘 |
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| Line 101: | Line 121: | ||
|막힐부 |
|막힐부 |
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|Makhil<br>Moxie |
|Makhil<br>Moxie |
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|x |
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|鄚州 |
|鄚州 |
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|막주 |
|막주 |
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|Makju<br>Mozhou |
|Makju<br>Mozhou |
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|[[Acheng]] |
|[[Acheng District|Acheng]]<br>(阿城) |
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|막주(鄚州)<br> 고주(高州;鳥河郷)=Niǎohé |
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* 막주(鄚州): The seat was located in 奧喜 (present-day [[Acheng District|Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province]]). |
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* 고주(高州): The seat was located in present-day Niaohexiang (鳥河鄉), [[Bin County, Heilongjiang|Bin County]], [[Heilongjiang|Heilongjiang Province]]. |
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|읍루<br>揖婁/우루부말갈<br>虞婁部靺鞨 |
|읍루<br>揖婁/우루부말갈<br>虞婁部靺鞨 |
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| Line 112: | Line 133: | ||
|정리부 |
|정리부 |
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|Jeongni<br>Dingli |
|Jeongni<br>Dingli |
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|x |
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|定州 |
|定州 |
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|정주 |
|정주 |
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|Jeongju/Dingzhou |
|Jeongju/Dingzhou |
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|[[Partizansk]] |
|[[Partizansk]] |
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|정주(定州)<br>반주(潘州) |
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* 정주(定州): The seat was located in [[:zh:三道河子|Sandaohezi]] (三道河子) on the lower reaches of Mudanjiang River in [[Hailin|Hailin City]]. Another theory is that it was located in [[Partizansk|Partizansk, Russia.]] It has jurisdiction over five counties: 定理、平邱、岩城、慕美、安夷. |
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* 반주(潘州): The seat was located in present-day Wudaohezitun (五道河子屯) in Sandaotong Town (三道通鎮), [[Linkou County|Linkou]]. It has jurisdiction over four counties: 潘水、安定、保山、能利. |
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|읍루<br>揖婁/우루부말갈<br>虞婁部靺鞨 |
|읍루<br>揖婁/우루부말갈<br>虞婁部靺鞨 |
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| Line 123: | Line 145: | ||
|안변부 |
|안변부 |
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|Anbyeon<br>Anbian |
|Anbyeon<br>Anbian |
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|x |
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|安州 |
|安州 |
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|안주 |
|안주 |
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|Anju<br>Anzhou |
|Anju<br>Anzhou |
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|[[Olga (urban-type settlement)|Olga]] |
|[[Olga (urban-type settlement)|Olga]] |
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|안주(安州)<br> 경주(瓊州) |
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* 안주(安州): Present-day [[Olga, Russia]]. |
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* 경주(瓊州) |
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|- |
|- |
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|솔빈<br>率賓 |
|솔빈<br>率賓 |
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| Line 134: | Line 157: | ||
|솔빈부 |
|솔빈부 |
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|Solbin<br>Shuaibin |
|Solbin<br>Shuaibin |
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|x |
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|華州 |
|華州 |
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|화주 |
|화주 |
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|Hwaju<br>Huazhou |
|Hwaju<br>Huazhou |
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|[[Ussuriysk]]/Shuaibin |
|[[Ussuriysk]]/Shuaibin |
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| |
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| 화주(華州)<br>익주(益州)<br>건주(建州)=[[Tongning]] |
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* 화주(華州): The seat is now in [[Ussuriysk]], Russia). Another theory is that it was located in Dachengzi Village (大城子村), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province.]]<br>익주(益州): The seat was in Bohai Ancient City near [[Vladivostok]], and its jurisdiction was in the [[Razdolnaya|Suifen River]] basin. |
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* 건주(建州): Is located in Dachengzi Ancient City (大城子古城), [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dongning City]], Heilongjiang Province. It is also said that it was in [[:ru:Красный_Яр_(Уссурийский_городской_округ)|Krasnyi Yar village]] near Ussuriysk. on the other side of the [[Suifen River]]. |
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|- |
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|불열<br>拂涅 |
|불열<br>拂涅 |
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| Line 145: | Line 169: | ||
|동평부 |
|동평부 |
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|Dongpyeong<br>Dongping |
|Dongpyeong<br>Dongping |
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|x |
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|伊州 |
|伊州 |
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|이주 |
|이주 |
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|Iju<br>Yizhou |
|Iju<br>Yizhou |
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|Dangbi<br>(密山市/当壁鎮) |
|Dangbi<br>(密山市/当壁鎮) |
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|이주(伊州) <br>몽주(蒙州) <br>타주(沱州)= |
|이주(伊州) <br>몽주(蒙州) <br>타주(沱州)=Troitskoye <br>흑주(黑州) <br>비주(比州) |
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|- |
|- |
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|철리<br>鐵利 |
|철리<br>鐵利 |
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| Line 156: | Line 179: | ||
|철리부 |
|철리부 |
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|Cheolli<br>Tieli |
|Cheolli<br>Tieli |
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|x |
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|德理鎮 |
|德理鎮 |
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|덕리진 |
|덕리진 |
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|Deongnijin/Delizhen |
|Deongnijin/Delizhen |
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|[[Yilan |
|[[Yilan County, Heilongjiang|Yilan]]<br>(依蘭郷) |
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|광주(廣州)<br>분주(汾州)<br>포주(蒲州)<br>해주(海州)<br>귀주(歸州) |
|광주(廣州)<br>분주(汾州)<br>포주(蒲州)<br>해주(海州)<br>귀주(歸州) |
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|- |
|- |
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|회원부 |
|회원부 |
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|Hoewon<br>Huaiyuan |
|Hoewon<br>Huaiyuan |
||
|x |
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|達州 |
|達州 |
||
|달주 |
|달주 |
||
|Dalju |
|Dalju |
||
|[[Tongjiang]] |
|[[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]]<br>(同江市) |
||
|달주(達州)<br>월주(越州)<br>회주(懷州)<br>기주(紀州)<br>부주(富州)<br>미주(美州)<br>복주(福州)<br>사주(邪州)<br>지주(芝州) |
|달주(達州)<br>월주(越州)<br>회주(懷州)<br>기주(紀州)<br>부주(富州)<br>미주(美州)<br>복주(福州)<br>사주(邪州)<br>지주(芝州) |
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|- |
|- |
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|안원부 |
|안원부 |
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|Anyuan<br>Anwon |
|Anyuan<br>Anwon |
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|x |
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|寧州 |
|寧州 |
||
|영주 |
|영주 |
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== Former Balhae provinces == |
== Former Balhae provinces == |
||
[[File:Balhae Kingdom.png|thumb|400px|Administrative map of Balhae]] |
|||
Manzhou Yuanliu Gao provides records which show that the [[Balhae]] had occupied the ''Bisa Fortress'' at the southern tip of the [[Liaodong Peninsula]]. The History of [[Liao Dynasty|Liao]] records that the Balhae established provinces at the ''Sin Fortress'', ''Gaemo Fortress'', ''Baegam Fortress'', ''Yodong Fortress'' and ''Ansi Fortress'' area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign’s message to [[Yamato Province|Yamato]] Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old [[Goguryeo]] territory and its ruler’s authority now shines beyond the [[Liao River]]. The Balhae came to occupy almost the whole of Manchuria, including the Songhua and Ussuri basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the [[Sea of Japan]] (East Sea). |
|||
''[[Manzhou Yuanliu Kao]]'' provides records which show that the [[Balhae]] had occupied the ''Bisa Fortress'' at the southern tip of the [[Liaodong Peninsula]]. The ''[[History of Liao]]'' records that the Balhae established provinces at the ''Sin Fortress'', ''Gaemo Fortress'', ''Baegam Fortress'', ''Yodong Fortress'' and ''Ansi Fortress'' area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the [[Liaoxi]] area. The Balhae sovereign's message to [[Yamato Province|Yamato]] Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old [[Goguryeo]] territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the [[Liao River]]. The Balhae came to occupy the [[Songhua River|Songhua]] and [[Wusuli River|Wusuli]] River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the [[Sea of Japan]] (East Sea). |
|||
* 약홀주(若忽州) present-day Dandong |
* 약홀주(若忽州) (present-day [[Dandong]]) |
||
* 목저주(木底州) ( |
* 목저주(木底州) (present-day Yewutai (葉武臺), [[Faku County]], [[Liaoning Province]], near the [[Taizi River]]) |
||
* 현도주 (玄兎州) ( |
* 현도주 (玄兎州) (near present-day [[Manzhouli]]) |
||
== |
== Correspondence == |
||
* Balhae Provinces coming from Andong protectorate : |
* Balhae Provinces coming from Andong protectorate : |
||
**Namhae province is corresponding to former Qusu (Hangul: 거소주 Hanja/Hanzi :去素州), Qudan (Hangul: 거단주 Hanja/Hanzi :去旦州), 식리주(識利州) |
|||
**Wolhui province is corresponding to former Yuexi (Hangul: 월희주 Hanja/Hanzi :越喜州) |
|||
**Dongpyeong is corresponding to former Funie 불열주(拂涅州) |
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**Jangnyung is corresponding to former 제북주(諸北州) |
|||
**Yalu is corresponding to former 안시주(安市州) and 창암주(倉巖州) |
|||
**Hoewon is corresponding to former 연진주(延津州) |
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**Hyeondeok is corresponding to former 여산주(黎山州) |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
||
| Line 208: | Line 229: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
* {{ |
* {{in lang|ko}} [http://www.history21.org/zb41/data/discuss/포맷변환_발해사진.jpg 발해내 말갈의 위치에 관한 지도] |
||
* {{ |
* {{in lang|ko}} [http://www.kyungsung.ac.kr/~palhae/image/palmap.gif 발해 행정지도 5경 15부 62주] |
||
* {{ |
* {{in lang|ko}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224729/http://chamedu.new21.org/zb4/data/do3/jung.gif 발해의 행정지도] |
||
* {{ |
* {{in lang|ja}} [http://www.searchnavi.com/~hp/koguryo/balhe-14.htm Ningan the Supreme Capital of Balhae Kingdom] |
||
* {{ |
* {{in lang|zh}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928074053/http://www.iskz.com/?action_viewthread_tid_3500.html 渤海国行政区划(转贴)(中，朝)] |
||
* [http://www.eastasianhistory.pe.kr/lecture/data/2131.pdf The Union of the Ye-mack Tungus and the Mohe-Ruzhen Tungus] |
* [http://www.eastasianhistory.pe.kr/lecture/data/2131.pdf The Union of the Ye-mack Tungus and the Mohe-Ruzhen Tungus]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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[[Category:Balhae]] |
[[Category:Balhae]] |
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| Line 219: | Line 240: | ||
[[Category:History of Korea]] |
[[Category:History of Korea]] |
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[[Category:Korea geography-related lists|Balhae, provinces]] |
[[Category:Korea geography-related lists|Balhae, provinces]] |
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[[zh:渤海國行政區劃]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:36, 5 October 2023
 |
The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the Liaodong Peninsula. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of:
- 5 capitals: a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals
- 15 provinces; and
- 62 prefectures.
Table of provinces[edit]
| Former State | Province | Capitals/Ancient name | Prefectures level 속주(屬州) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanja | Hangul | RR, Pinyin | Hanja | Hangul | RR, Pinyin | Modern location | ||
| Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
龍泉府 | 용천부 | Yongcheon Longquan |
上京/龍州 | 상경/용주 | Sanggyeong/Yongju Shangjing/Longzhou |
Ning'an (寧安市) (Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔) |
|
| Sushen 숙신 肅愼 |
顯德府 | 현덕부 | Hyundeok Xiande |
中京/顯州 | 중경/현주 | Junggyeong/Hyeonju Zhongjing/Xianzhou |
Helong/Dunhua (和龍市/敦化市) |
|
| Yemaek 예맥 濊貊 |
龍原府 | 용원부 | Yongwon Longyuan |
東京/慶州 | 동경/경주 | Donggyeong/Gyeongju Dongjing/Qingzhou |
Hunchun |
|
| Okjeo 옥저 沃沮 |
南海府 | 남해부 | Namhae Nanhai |
南京/沃州 | 남경/옥주 | Namgyeong/Okju Nanjing/Wozhou |
Hamheung |
|
| Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
鴨綠府 | 압록부 | Amnok Yalü |
西京/神州 | 서경/신주 | Seogyeong/Sinju Xijing/Shenzhou |
Linjiang |
|
| Goguryeo 고구려 高句麗 |
長嶺府 | 장령부 | Jangnyeong Changling |
瑕州 | 하주 | Haju Xiazhou |
Jingyu (靖宇县) |
|
| Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
夫餘府 | 부여부 | Buyeo Fuyu |
扶州 | 부주 | Buju Fuzhou |
Kaiyuan |
|
| Buyeo 부여 夫餘 |
鄚頡府 | 막힐부 | Makhil Moxie |
鄚州 | 막주 | Makju Mozhou |
Acheng (阿城) |
|
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
定理府 | 정리부 | Jeongni Dingli |
定州 | 정주 | Jeongju/Dingzhou | Partizansk |
|
| 읍루 揖婁/우루부말갈 虞婁部靺鞨 |
安邊府 | 안변부 | Anbyeon Anbian |
安州 | 안주 | Anju Anzhou |
Olga |
|
| 솔빈 率賓 |
率賓府 | 솔빈부 | Solbin Shuaibin |
華州 | 화주 | Hwaju Huazhou |
Ussuriysk/Shuaibin |
|
| 불열 拂涅 |
東平府 | 동평부 | Dongpyeong Dongping |
伊州 | 이주 | Iju Yizhou |
Dangbi (密山市/当壁鎮) |
이주(伊州) 몽주(蒙州) 타주(沱州)=Troitskoye 흑주(黑州) 비주(比州) |
| 철리 鐵利 |
鐵利府 | 철리부 | Cheolli Tieli |
德理鎮 | 덕리진 | Deongnijin/Delizhen | Yilan (依蘭郷) |
광주(廣州) 분주(汾州) 포주(蒲州) 해주(海州) 귀주(歸州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
懷遠府 | 회원부 | Hoewon Huaiyuan |
達州 | 달주 | Dalju | Tongjiang (同江市) |
달주(達州) 월주(越州) 회주(懷州) 기주(紀州) 부주(富州) 미주(美州) 복주(福州) 사주(邪州) 지주(芝州) |
| 월희 越喜 |
安遠府 | 안원부 | Anyuan Anwon |
寧州 | 영주 | Yeongju Ningzhou |
Dalnerechensk | 영주(寧州) 미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny 모주(慕州) 상주(常州) |
Former Balhae provinces[edit]
Manzhou Yuanliu Kao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign's message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy the Songhua and Wusuli River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
- 약홀주(若忽州) (present-day Dandong)
- 목저주(木底州) (present-day Yewutai (葉武臺), Faku County, Liaoning Province, near the Taizi River)
- 현도주 (玄兎州) (near present-day Manzhouli)
Correspondence[edit]
- Balhae Provinces coming from Andong protectorate :
- Namhae province is corresponding to former Qusu (Hangul: 거소주 Hanja/Hanzi :去素州), Qudan (Hangul: 거단주 Hanja/Hanzi :去旦州), 식리주(識利州)
- Wolhui province is corresponding to former Yuexi (Hangul: 월희주 Hanja/Hanzi :越喜州)
- Dongpyeong is corresponding to former Funie 불열주(拂涅州)
- Jangnyung is corresponding to former 제북주(諸北州)
- Yalu is corresponding to former 안시주(安市州) and 창암주(倉巖州)
- Hoewon is corresponding to former 연진주(延津州)
- Hyeondeok is corresponding to former 여산주(黎山州)
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- (in Korean) 발해내 말갈의 위치에 관한 지도
- (in Korean) 발해 행정지도 5경 15부 62주
- (in Korean) 발해의 행정지도
- (in Japanese) Ningan the Supreme Capital of Balhae Kingdom
- (in Chinese) 渤海国行政区划(转贴)(中，朝)
- The Union of the Ye-mack Tungus and the Mohe-Ruzhen Tungus[permanent dead link]