Kulāf: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tag: Reverted |
No edit summary Tag: Reverted |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Stamp seal (BM 119999) composite.jpg|thumb|300px|Stamp seal with a bearded figure in [[Sasanian dress]], wearing the kulāf denoting nobility and officials; and a figure with radiate crown, both with royal ribbons. Attributed to the [[Hephthalites]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=KURBANOV |first1=AYDOGDY |title=THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS |date=2010 |publisher=Berlin Freie Universität |location=Berlin |page=69, item 1) |url=https://www.podgorski.com/main/assets/documents/Hephthalites_Kurbanov.pdf}}</ref>, and recently dated to the 5th-6th century CE<ref name="VAL48">Latest 5th-6th century CE date in Livshits (2000) {{cite journal |last1=LIVSHITS |first1=V. A. |title=Sogdian Sānak, a Manichaean Bishop of the 5th–Early 6th Centuries |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2000 |volume=14 |page=48 |jstor=24049013 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24049013.pdf |issn=0890-4464}}. According to earlier sources (Bivar (1969) and Livshits (1969), repeated by the British Museum) the seal was dated to the 300-350 CE in {{cite journal |last1=Naymark |first1=Aleksandr |title=SOGDIANA, ITS CHRISTIANS AND BYZANTIUM: A STUDY OF ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES |page=167 |url=http://library.tersu.uz/kitoblar/aralash/Sogdiana,_its_Christians_and_B.pdf}}, {{cite web |title=Stamp-seal; bezel British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1870-1210-3 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref>. [[Stamp seal (BM 119999)]], [[British Museum]].]] |
[[File:Stamp seal (BM 119999) composite.jpg|thumb|300px|Stamp seal with a bearded figure in [[Sasanian dress]], wearing the kulāf denoting nobility and officials; and a figure with radiate crown, both with royal ribbons. Attributed to the [[Hephthalites]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=KURBANOV |first1=AYDOGDY |title=THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS |date=2010 |publisher=Berlin Freie Universität |location=Berlin |page=69, item 1) |url=https://www.podgorski.com/main/assets/documents/Hephthalites_Kurbanov.pdf}}</ref>, and recently dated to the 5th-6th century CE<ref name="VAL48">Latest 5th-6th century CE date in Livshits (2000) {{cite journal |last1=LIVSHITS |first1=V. A. |title=Sogdian Sānak, a Manichaean Bishop of the 5th–Early 6th Centuries |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2000 |volume=14 |page=48 |jstor=24049013 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24049013.pdf |issn=0890-4464}}. According to earlier sources (Bivar (1969) and Livshits (1969), repeated by the British Museum) the seal was dated to the 300-350 CE in {{cite journal |last1=Naymark |first1=Aleksandr |title=SOGDIANA, ITS CHRISTIANS AND BYZANTIUM: A STUDY OF ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES |page=167 |url=http://library.tersu.uz/kitoblar/aralash/Sogdiana,_its_Christians_and_B.pdf}}, {{cite web |title=Stamp-seal; bezel British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1870-1210-3 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref>. [[Stamp seal (BM 119999)]], [[British Museum]].]] |
||
A '''''kulāf''''', or '''kolāh''', is a type of cap that designated [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] nobility and official.<ref name="SS">{{cite book |last1=Lerner |first1=Judith A. |last2=Sims-Williams |first2=Nicholas |title=Seals, sealings and tokens from Bactria to Gandhara : 4th to 8th century CE |date=2011 |publisher=Verlag der [[Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]] |location=Wien |isbn=978-3700168973|pages=35, 100–101}}</ref> It appears on numerous reliefs and seals of the Sasanian Empire period |
A '''''kulāf''''', or '''kolāh''', is a type of cap that designated [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] nobility and official.<ref name="SS">{{cite book |last1=Lerner |first1=Judith A. |last2=Sims-Williams |first2=Nicholas |title=Seals, sealings and tokens from Bactria to Gandhara : 4th to 8th century CE |date=2011 |publisher=Verlag der [[Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]] |location=Wien |isbn=978-3700168973|pages=35, 100–101}}</ref> It appears on numerous reliefs and seals of the Sasanian Empire period<ref name="SS"/>. |
||
The ''kulāf'' is often decorated with pearls, on the edge and on the surface of the cap |
The ''kulāf'' is often decorated with pearls, on the edge and on the surface of the cap<ref name="SS"/>. It may also be shown with an emblem or [[tamgha]] on the surface<ref name="SS"/>. |
||
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4"> |
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4"> |
||
Revision as of 10:51, 17 June 2023
A kulāf, or kolāh, is a type of cap that designated Sasanian nobility and official.[3] It appears on numerous reliefs and seals of the Sasanian Empire period[3].
The kulāf is often decorated with pearls, on the edge and on the surface of the cap[3]. It may also be shown with an emblem or tamgha on the surface[3].
References
- ^ KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. p. 69, item 1).
- ^ Latest 5th-6th century CE date in Livshits (2000) LIVSHITS, V. A. (2000). "Sogdian Sānak, a Manichaean Bishop of the 5th–Early 6th Centuries" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 14: 48. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049013.. According to earlier sources (Bivar (1969) and Livshits (1969), repeated by the British Museum) the seal was dated to the 300-350 CE in Naymark, Aleksandr. "SOGDIANA, ITS CHRISTIANS AND BYZANTIUM: A STUDY OF ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES" (PDF): 167.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help), "Stamp-seal; bezel British Museum". The British Museum. - ^ a b c d Lerner, Judith A.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2011). Seals, sealings and tokens from Bactria to Gandhara : 4th to 8th century CE. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 35, 100–101. ISBN 978-3700168973.