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[[File:Inipi_scoperto.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right]]The '''''inípi''''' ceremony ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: ''iní-'' from ''inyan'', rock + ''-pi'', makes the term plural, 'rocks'), a type of [[sweat lodge]], is a purification ceremony of the [[Lakota people]].<ref name="poc1">{{Cite web |last=Looking Horse |first=Arvol |date=March 12, 2003 |title=Looking Horse Proclamation on the Protection of Ceremonies |url=http://www.123hjemmeside.dk/indianerforedrag/5945831 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501212029/http://www.123hjemmeside.dk/indianerforedrag/5945831 |archive-date=2008-05-01 |access-date=April 21, 2008}}</ref> It is one of the Seven Sacred Ceremonies of the Lakota people, which has been passed down through the generations of Lakota. |
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The '''''I-ni-pi''''' ceremony, a type of [[sweat lodge]], is a [[Lakota people|Lakota]] purification ceremony, and one of the Seven Sacred Rites of the Lakota people.<ref name="poc1">[http://www.123hjemmeside.dk/indianerforedrag/5945831 "Looking Horse Proclamation on the Protection of Ceremonies"], March 13, 2003. Retrieved April 21, 2008</ref> It is an ancient and sacred ceremony of the Lakota people and has been passed down through the generations of Lakota. |
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| ⚫ | Those who have inherited and maintained these traditions have issued statements about the standards to be observed in the ''inípi''.<ref name="poc1"/><ref name="dow1">[http://www.aics.org/war.html "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality"] June 10, 1993. Retrieved April 21, 2008</ref> In the March 2003 meeting it was agreed among the spiritual leaders and Bundle Keepers of the Lakota, [[Dakota people|Dakota]], [[Nakota]], [[Cheyenne]] and [[Arapaho]] Nations that: |
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The full ceremony is not taught to non-Lakotas, but in rough detail it involves an ''I-ni-pi'' lodge - a frame of saplings covered with hides or blankets. Stones are heated in a fire, then placed into a central pit in the lodge. Water is then poured on the stones to create hot steam. Traditional prayers and songs are offered in the Lakota language. |
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| ⚫ | Those who have inherited and maintained these traditions have issued statements about the standards to be observed in the '' |
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<blockquote>I-ni-pi (Purification Ceremony): Those that run this sacred rite should be able to communicate with Tun-ca-s'i-la (our Sacred Grandfathers) in their Native Plains tongue. They should also have earned this rite by completing Han-ble-c'i-ya and the four days and four years of the Wi-wanyang wa-c'i-pi.<ref name="poc1"/></blockquote> |
<blockquote>I-ni-pi (Purification Ceremony): Those that run this sacred rite should be able to communicate with Tun-ca-s'i-la (our Sacred Grandfathers) in their Native Plains tongue. They should also have earned this rite by completing Han-ble-c'i-ya and the four days and four years of the Wi-wanyang wa-c'i-pi.<ref name="poc1"/></blockquote> |
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This also follows upon the decisions made at the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, where about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality |
This also follows upon the decisions made at the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, where about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality". The declaration was unanimously passed on June 10, 1993. Among other things, it specifies that these ceremonies are only for those of the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations.<ref name="dow1"/> |
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| ⚫ | One concern about outsiders trying to perform these ceremonies is |
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| ⚫ | One concern about outsiders trying to perform these ceremonies is not only does it go against the express wishes of the traditional healers who have inherited these ceremonies, but also that those who do not know how to do them properly have in some cases caused [[dehydration]] and [[heat stroke]], resulting in injury and even deaths.<ref name="Dehydration and heat-related death">{{cite journal |author=Byard RW, Riches KJ |title=Dehydration and heat-related death: sweat lodge syndrome |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=236–9 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16121078 |doi= 10.1097/01.paf.0000163838.92053.fb}}</ref><ref name="2 die in new-age sweat lodge">{{cite news|first=Suzanne|last=Herel|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[Hearst Communications]]|title=2 seeking spiritual enlightenment die in new-age sweat lodge|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/06/27/BA212763.DTL|date=2002-06-27|access-date=2006-09-26}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[NAFPS]] |
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== |
== See also == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Indigenous architecture]] |
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[[it:Inipi]] |
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[[Category:Native American religion]] |
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[[Category:Religious places of the Indigenous peoples of North America]] |
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[[Category:Ritual purification]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:13, 13 May 2024
The inípi ceremony (Lakota: iní- from inyan, rock + -pi, makes the term plural, 'rocks'), a type of sweat lodge, is a purification ceremony of the Lakota people.[1] It is one of the Seven Sacred Ceremonies of the Lakota people, which has been passed down through the generations of Lakota.
Those who have inherited and maintained these traditions have issued statements about the standards to be observed in the inípi.[1][2] In the March 2003 meeting it was agreed among the spiritual leaders and Bundle Keepers of the Lakota, Dakota, Nakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho Nations that:
I-ni-pi (Purification Ceremony): Those that run this sacred rite should be able to communicate with Tun-ca-s'i-la (our Sacred Grandfathers) in their Native Plains tongue. They should also have earned this rite by completing Han-ble-c'i-ya and the four days and four years of the Wi-wanyang wa-c'i-pi.[1]
This also follows upon the decisions made at the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, where about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality". The declaration was unanimously passed on June 10, 1993. Among other things, it specifies that these ceremonies are only for those of the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations.[2]
One concern about outsiders trying to perform these ceremonies is not only does it go against the express wishes of the traditional healers who have inherited these ceremonies, but also that those who do not know how to do them properly have in some cases caused dehydration and heat stroke, resulting in injury and even deaths.[3][4]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Looking Horse, Arvol (March 12, 2003). "Looking Horse Proclamation on the Protection of Ceremonies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
- ^ a b "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality" June 10, 1993. Retrieved April 21, 2008
- ^ Herel, Suzanne (2002-06-27). "2 seeking spiritual enlightenment die in new-age sweat lodge". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications. Retrieved 2006-09-26.