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'''Hezbi Islami''' (also '''Hezb-e Islami''', '''Hezb-i-Islami''', '''Hezbi-Islami''', '''Hezb-e-Islami'''), meaning ''Islamic Party''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/hizbi-islami.htm | title=Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party) | publisher=Federation of American Scientists | work=Intelligence Resource Program | date=August 8, 1998 | accessdate=March 13, 2012 | author=Pike, John}}</ref> is an [[Islamist]] organization that was commonly known for fighting the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} Founded and led by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]], it was established in [[Afghanistan]] in 1975.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} It grew out of the [[Muslim Youth]] organization, an [[Islamism|Islamist]] organization founded in [[Kabul]] by students and teachers at [[Kabul University]] in 1969 to combat [[communism]] in Afghanistan.<ref name=CWDI/> Its membership was drawn from ethnic [[Pashtuns]], and its ideology from the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and [[Abul Ala Maududi]]'s [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref name=CWDI>{{cite book |last2=Sfeir |first2=Antoine|last1=Roy |first1= Oliver |title=The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism |work=[[Columbia University Press]] |date=2007|page=132}}</ref> Another source describes it as having splintered away from [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]'s original Islamist party, [[Jamiat-e Islami]], in 1976, after Hekmatyar found that group too moderate and willing to compromise with others.<ref name=Haqqani-173>{{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military|date=2005|publisher=Carnegie Endowment.|pages=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&pg=PA171&dq=Jamiat-e+Islami+afghanistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LZFWVOn4FIn_yQTVg4LQCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jamiat-e%20Islami%20afghanistan&f=false|accessdate=2 November 2014}}</ref>
'''Hezbi Islami''' (also '''Hezb-e Islami''', '''Hezb-i-Islami''', '''Hezbi-Islami''', '''Hezb-e-Islami'''), meaning ''Islamic Party''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/hizbi-islami.htm | title=Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party) | publisher=Federation of American Scientists | work=Intelligence Resource Program | date=August 8, 1998 | accessdate=March 13, 2012 | author=Pike, John}}</ref> is an [[Islamist]] organization that was commonly known for fighting the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} Founded and led by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]], it was established in [[Afghanistan]] in 1975.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} It grew out of the [[Muslim Youth]] organization, an [[Islamism|Islamist]] organization founded in [[Kabul]] by students and teachers at [[Kabul University]] in 1969 to combat [[communism]] in Afghanistan.<ref name=CWDI/> Its membership was drawn from ethnic [[Pashtuns]], and its ideology from the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and [[Abul Ala Maududi]]'s [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref name=CWDI>{{cite book |last2=Sfeir |first2=Antoine|last1=Roy |first1= Oliver |title=The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism |work=[[Columbia University Press]] |date=2007|page=132}}</ref> Another source describes it as having splintered away from [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]'s original Islamist party, [[Jamiat-e Islami]], in 1976, after Hekmatyar found that group too moderate and willing to compromise with others.<ref name=Haqqani-173>{{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military|date=2005|publisher=Carnegie Endowment.|pages=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&pg=PA171&dq=Jamiat-e+Islami+afghanistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LZFWVOn4FIn_yQTVg4LQCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jamiat-e%20Islami%20afghanistan&f=false|accessdate=2 November 2014}}</ref>


Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the [[Ikhwan]] militia of [[Saudi Arabia]] and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.<ref>[[Seth Jones]]’s article The Rise of Afghanistan’s Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad page. 28-29</ref>
Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the [[Ikhwan]] militia of [[Saudi Arabia]] and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.<ref>[[Seth Jones (political scientist)|Seth Jones]]’s article The Rise of Afghanistan’s Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad page. 28-29</ref>


== Split-up Khalis faction and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin ==
== Split-up Khalis faction and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin ==

Revision as of 01:18, 24 May 2018

For other uses, see Islamic party.
Hezbi Islami
د افغانستان اسلامي حزب
LeaderArghandiwal
FounderGulbuddin Hekmatyar
Founded1975
Preceded byMuslim Youth
Succeeded byHIG
HIK
HIKF
IdeologyIslamism
Seats in the House of the People
16 / 249
Seats in the House of Elders
0 / 102
Party flag

Hezbi Islami (also Hezb-e Islami, Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezb-e-Islami), meaning Islamic Party[1] is an Islamist organization that was commonly known for fighting the Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union.[citation needed] Founded and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, it was established in Afghanistan in 1975.[citation needed] It grew out of the Muslim Youth organization, an Islamist organization founded in Kabul by students and teachers at Kabul University in 1969 to combat communism in Afghanistan.[2] Its membership was drawn from ethnic Pashtuns, and its ideology from the Muslim Brotherhood and Abul Ala Maududi's Jamaat-e-Islami.[2] Another source describes it as having splintered away from Burhanuddin Rabbani's original Islamist party, Jamiat-e Islami, in 1976, after Hekmatyar found that group too moderate and willing to compromise with others.[3]

Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Ikhwan militia of Saudi Arabia and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.[4]

Split-up Khalis faction and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin

See also: Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin and Khalis faction

In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own Hezbi Islami, known as the Khalis faction, with its power base in Nangarhar.[citation needed] Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's faction is since then referred to as the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin, or HIG.[citation needed]

History 1979–2001

See also: Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin § History

History since 2001

See also: Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin § After 2001

Neither Hezbi Islami nor Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin were on the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations from 2001 to 2006.[5] However, Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin is on the additional list called "Groups of Concern."[6]

In 2008, the International Security Assistance Force estimated that the military component of Hezbi Islam was about 1,000 strong, including part-time fighters.[7]

Today, the non-violent faction of the Hezbi Islami is a registered political party in Afghanistan, led by Arghandiwal.[8]

On 18 September 2012 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility of a suicide attack in Kabul, carried out by an 18-year-old woman in which nine people were killed. They said it was in retaliation for the film Innocence of Muslims.[9] All victims were themselves Muslim.

On 16 May 2013 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility for another attack in Kabul in the form of an explosive-loaded Toyota Corolla that was rammed into a pair of American military vehicles in which 16 people were killed.[10]

See also

Sources

  1. ^ Pike, John (August 8, 1998). "Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party)". Intelligence Resource Program. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Roy, Oliver; Sfeir, Antoine (2007). The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism. p. 132. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Haqqani, Husain (2005). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Carnegie Endowment. p. 173. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  4. ^ Seth Jones’s article The Rise of Afghanistan’s Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad page. 28-29
  5. ^ "2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations", "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organizations List" October 23, 2002 Archived February 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organizations List" January 30, 2003, "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organization Designations Table" December 30, 2004, "Fact Sheet:Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)" October 11, 2005 Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, "Country Reports on Terrorism: Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations" April 28, 2006 Archived March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "U.S. Designates Foreign Terrorist Organizations: List includes 42 groups, 43 others deemed “of concern”" April 30, 2007
  7. ^ Tyson, Ann Scott (June 15, 2008). "A Sober Assessment of Afghanistan — washingtonpost.com". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 13, 2012. There are an estimated 5,000 to 20,000 Taliban fighters in Afghanistan, plus an estimated 1,000 each for the insurgent groups led by Siraj Haqqani and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, according to ISAF intelligence.
  8. ^ Political parties/groups and leaders in Afghanistan
  9. ^ Suicide attack in Afghan capital claimed by Hezb-e-Islami
  10. ^ [1], New York Times, 2013

External links

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