Hezbi Islami: Difference between revisions

| name = Hezbi Islami

| native_name = د افغانستان اسلامي حزب

| logo = Hezbi Islami.svg

| logo_size = 200px

| leader = [[Arghandiwal]]

| founder = [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]

| colorcode = #017F3A

| founded = 1975

| predecessor = [[Muslim Youth]]

| successor = [[Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin|HIG]]<br />[[Hezb-e Islami Khalis|HIK]]<br />[[Hezb-e-Islami Khalid Farooqi|HIKF]]

| ideology = [[Islamism]]

| flag = [[File:Flag of Hezbi Islami.svg|200px|border]]

| website =

| state = Afghanistan

| seats1_title = [[House of the People (Afghanistan)|Seats in the House of the People]]

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|16|249|hex=#017F3A}}

| seats2_title = [[House of Elders (Afghanistan)|Seats in the House of Elders]]

| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|102|hex=#017F3A}}

'''Hezb-e-Islami''' (also ''Hezb-e Islami'', ''Hezb-i-Islami'', ''Hezbi-Islami'', ''Hezbi Islami''), meaning '''Islamic Party'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/hizbi-islami.htm |title=Hizb-i-Islami (Islamic Party) |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |work=Intelligence Resource Program |date=August 8, 1998 |accessdate=March 13, 2012 |author=Pike, John}}</ref> is an [[Islamist]] organization that was commonly known for fighting the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} Founded and led by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]], it was established in [[Afghanistan]] in 1975.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} It grew out of the [[Muslim Youth]] organization, an [[Islamism|Islamist]] organization founded in [[Kabul]] by students and teachers at [[Kabul University]] in 1969 to combat [[communism]] in Afghanistan.<ref name=CWDI /> Its membership was drawn from ethnic [[Pashtuns]], and its ideology from the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and [[Abul Ala Maududi]]'s [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref name=CWDI>{{cite book |last2=Sfeir |first2=Antoine|last1=Roy |first1=Oliver |title=The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |date=2007|page=132}}</ref> Another source describes it as having splintered away from [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]'s original Islamist party, [[Jamiat-e Islami]], in 1976, after Hekmatyar found that group too moderate and willing to compromise with others.<ref name=Haqqani-173>{{cite book|last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain|title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military|date=2005|publisher=Carnegie Endowment.|pages=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&pg=PA171&dq=Jamiat-e+Islami+afghanistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LZFWVOn4FIn_yQTVg4LQCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jamiat-e%20Islami%20afghanistan&f=false|accessdate=2 November 2014}}</ref>

Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the [[Ikhwan]] militia of [[Saudi Arabia]] and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.<ref>[[Seth Jones (political scientist)|Seth Jones]], "The Rise of Afghanistan's Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad", ''International Security'', vol 32, no. 4 (2008) pages 28–29</ref>

== Split-up Khalis faction and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin ==

{{See also|Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin|Khalis faction}}

In 1979, [[Mulavi Younas Khalis]] split with Hekmatyar and established his own Hezbi Islami, known as the [[Khalis faction]], with its power base in [[Nangarhar]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]'s faction is since then referred to as the [[Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin]], or HIG.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}

== History 1979–2001 ==

{{See also|Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin#History}}

== History since 2001 ==

{{See also|Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin#After 2001}}

Neither Hezbi Islami nor Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin were on the [[U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations]] from 2001 to 2006.<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2001/5258.htm "2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations"], [https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2002/12535.htm "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organizations List" October 23, 2002] , [https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2003/17065.htm "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organizations List" January 30, 2003], [https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2004/40945.htm "Fact Sheet: Foreign Terrorist Organization Designations Table" December 30, 2004], [https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm "Fact Sheet:Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)" October 11, 2005] , [https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2005/65275.htm "Country Reports on Terrorism: Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations" April 28, 2006] </ref> However, Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin is on the additional list called "Groups of Concern."<ref>[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2007/April/20070425112939idybeekcm0.9128382.html "U.S. Designates Foreign Terrorist Organizations: List includes 42 groups, 43 others deemed “of concern”" April 30, 2007]</ref>

{{As of|2008|alt=In 2008}}, the International Security Assistance Force estimated that the military component of Hezbi Islam was about 1,000 strong, including part-time fighters.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/06/15/ST2008061500237.html |title=A Sober Assessment of Afghanistan |work=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Tyson, Ann Scott|date=June 15, 2008|accessdate=March 13, 2012|quote=There are an estimated 5,000 to 20,000 Taliban fighters in Afghanistan, plus an estimated 1,000 each for the insurgent groups led by Siraj Haqqani and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, according to ISAF intelligence.}}</ref>

Today, the non-violent faction of the Hezbi Islami is a registered political party in Afghanistan, led by [[Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal|Arghandiwal]].<ref>[http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/parties.html Political parties/groups and leaders in Afghanistan]</ref>

On 18 September 2012 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility of a suicide attack in Kabul, carried out by an 18-year-old woman in which nine people were killed. They said it was in retaliation for the film ''[[Innocence of Muslims]]''.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/18/us-afghanistan-blast-hezb-idUSBRE88H06M20120918 Suicide attack in Afghan capital claimed by Hezb-e-Islami]</ref> All victims were themselves Muslim.

On 16 May 2013 Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility for another attack in Kabul in the form of an explosive-loaded [[Toyota Corolla]] that was rammed into a pair of American military vehicles in which 16 people were killed.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/17/world/asia/kabul-car-bomb-attack.html?_r=1&], ''New York Times'', 2013</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Hezb-e-Islami Khalid Farooqi]]

*[[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]

*[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/FC11Ag02.html Sedra, Mark. "The Taliban still larger than life"], ''Asia Times Online'', 2004-03-11.

*[http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/parties.html Afghanistan online. Political parties/groups and leaders in Afghanistan]

*[http://www.dia.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=43BWsnvesZc%3d&tabid=7068&portalid=27&mid=14146 Declassified October 8, 2002 Report] by [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1975]]

[[Category:Peshawar Seven]]

[[Category:Rebel groups in Afghanistan]]

[[Category:1975 establishments in Afghanistan]]