Hailin: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 44°35′38″N 129°22′48″E / 44.594°N 129.380°E / 44.594; 129.380
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|area_footnotes =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2 = 9,877<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =
|area_water_percent =
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|elevation_min_m =
|elevation_min_m =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of =
|population_as_of =2003
|population_footnotes =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_total =440,000
|population_density_km2 =auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
|population_density_km2 =auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
|population_density_sq_mi =
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Hailin must have been inhabited even in the ancient times of the [[Shang Dynasty|Shāng Dynasty]] or Yīn Dynasty ({{lang|zh|殷代}}), if not the Neolithic era. Historic sites include ancient Qunli rock paintings, Jiangdong ancient cemeteries of [[Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)|Jin Dynasty]], the early site of the Qing Dynasty [[Ninguta]] city (from which a structure called ''Ninggu Ta'' - "Ninngu Tower" - remains<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |script-title=zh:默读宁古塔 |trans-title=Silently reading Ninguta |publisher=Hailin People's Government |access-date=2009-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222153525/http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |archive-date=2012-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), a wooden [[Russian Orthodox]] cathedral, a depot of the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] constructed in 1903, and the Yang Zirong martyrs' cemetery.
Hailin must have been inhabited even in the ancient times of the [[Shang Dynasty|Shāng Dynasty]] or Yīn Dynasty ({{lang|zh|殷代}}), if not the Neolithic era. Historic sites include ancient Qunli rock paintings, Jiangdong ancient cemeteries of [[Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)|Jin Dynasty]], the early site of the Qing Dynasty [[Ninguta]] city (from which a structure called ''Ninggu Ta'' - "Ninngu Tower" - remains<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |script-title=zh:默读宁古塔 |trans-title=Silently reading Ninguta |publisher=Hailin People's Government |access-date=2009-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222153525/http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |archive-date=2012-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), a wooden [[Russian Orthodox]] cathedral, a depot of the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] constructed in 1903, and the Yang Zirong martyrs' cemetery.


During China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937–45) the Japanese established a military airport at Hailin. Even recently (2005) aircraft bombs continue to be discovered during construction and other projects.
During [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], the Japanese established a military airport at Hailin. Even recently (2005) aircraft bombs continue to be discovered during construction and other projects.


The present day administrative division traces its recent history to Xinhai county established in 1946. The division was changed to city-grade in 1992.
The present day administrative division traces its recent history to Xinhai county established in 1946. The division was changed to city-grade in 1992.


== Administrative divisions ==
== Administrative divisions ==
Nowadays, there are 8 towns and 123 administrative villages in the Hailin City division. The towns include :<ref>{{cite web
Nowadays, there are 8 towns and 123 administrative villages in Hailin City. The towns include :<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/
|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/
|title = 国家统计局
|title = 国家统计局
Line 141: Line 141:
|language = zh
|language = zh
|access-date = 2021-12-07}}</ref>
|access-date = 2021-12-07}}</ref>
* [[Hailin Town, Heilongjiang|Hailin Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|海林镇}}), [[Zhangting, Heilongjiang|Zhangting Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|长汀镇}}), [[Chaihe, Heilongjiang|Chaihe Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|柴河镇}}), [[Sandao, Heilongjiang|Sandao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|三道镇}}), [[Erdao, Heilongjiang|Erdao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|二道镇}}), [[Hengdao, Heilongjiang|Hengdao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|横道镇}}), [[Xin'an Korean, Heilongjiang|Xin'an Korean Ethnic Town]] ({{lang|zh-hans|新安朝鲜族镇}}), [[Shanshi, Heilongjiang|Shanshi Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|山市镇}}).
* [[Hailin Town, Heilongjiang|Hailin Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|海林镇}}), [[Zhangting, Heilongjiang|Zhangting Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|长汀镇}}), [[Chaihe, Heilongjiang|Chaihe Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|柴河镇}}), [[Sandao, Heilongjiang|Sandao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|三道镇}}), [[Erdao, Heilongjiang|Erdao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|二道镇}}), [[Hengdao, Heilongjiang|Hengdao Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|横道镇}}), [[Xin'an Korean, Heilongjiang|Xin'an Korean Ethnic Town]] ({{lang|zh-hans|新安朝鲜族镇}}) and [[Shanshi, Heilongjiang|Shanshi Town]]({{lang|zh-hans|山市镇}})


==Geography and resources==
==Geography and resources==
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71% of the county is covered by forest. Important products include timber, medicinal herbs such as [[ginseng]] and ''[[eleutherococcus senticosus]]'', and forest foods such as edible mushrooms, which are farmed in large quantities.
71% of the county is covered by forest. Important products include timber, medicinal herbs such as [[ginseng]] and ''[[eleutherococcus senticosus]]'', and forest foods such as edible mushrooms, which are farmed in large quantities.

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Hailin (2006–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan high C = -10.0
|Feb high C = -5.2
|Mar high C = 3.2
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 20.8
|Jun high C = 25.6
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Aug high C = 26.6
|Sep high C = 21.5
|Oct high C = 13.0
|Nov high C = 0.7
|Dec high C = -8.5
|Jan mean C = -17.1
|Feb mean C = -12.7
|Mar mean C = -3.3
|Apr mean C = 6.1
|May mean C = 13.7
|Jun mean C = 19.0
|Jul mean C = 21.9
|Aug mean C = 20.7
|Sep mean C = 14.2
|Oct mean C = 5.3
|Nov mean C = -5.4
|Dec mean C = -14.8
|Jan low C = -22.8
|Feb low C = -19.4
|Mar low C = -10.0
|Apr low C = -0.9
|May low C = 6.9
|Jun low C = 13.0
|Jul low C = 16.9
|Aug low C = 16.0
|Sep low C = 8.2
|Oct low C = -1.0
|Nov low C = -10.8
|Dec low C = -19.9
|Jan record high C = 4.1 |Jan record low C = -34.0
|Feb record high C = 11.0 |Feb record low C = -33.8
|Mar record high C = 19.0 |Mar record low C = -24.4
|Apr record high C = 29.9 |Apr record low C = -12.6
|May record high C = 33.0 |May record low C = -3.6
|Jun record high C = 35.6 |Jun record low C = 4.9
|Jul record high C = 37.6 |Jul record low C = 9.3
|Aug record high C = 35.9 |Aug record low C = 7.5
|Sep record high C = 30.8 |Sep record low C = -4.6
|Oct record high C = 27.0 |Oct record low C = -14.7
|Nov record high C = 19.4 |Nov record low C = -26.0
|Dec record high C = 9.4 |Dec record low C = -32.0
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 4.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 4.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 11.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 26.8
|May precipitation mm = 64.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 86.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 129.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 118
|Sep precipitation mm = 62.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 29.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 17.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 5.6
|Jan humidity = 68
|Feb humidity = 62
|Mar humidity = 57
|Apr humidity = 53
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 70
|Jul humidity = 77
|Aug humidity = 80
|Sep humidity = 74
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 65
|Dec humidity = 68
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.8
|Feb precipitation days = 3.9
|Mar precipitation days = 6.7
|Apr precipitation days = 8.0
|May precipitation days = 13.8
|Jun precipitation days = 15.0
|Jul precipitation days = 14.4
|Aug precipitation days = 15.2
|Sep precipitation days = 10.5
|Oct precipitation days = 8.1
|Nov precipitation days = 6.3
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 152.0
|Feb sun = 179.1
|Mar sun = 216.9
|Apr sun = 216.3
|May sun = 237.5
|Jun sun = 234.8
|Jul sun = 225.5
|Aug sun = 203.4
|Sep sun = 217.6
|Oct sun = 198.8
|Nov sun = 156.8
|Dec sun = 140.7
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 53
| Feb percentsun = 60
| Mar percentsun = 58
| Apr percentsun = 53
| May percentsun = 52
| Jun percentsun = 51
| Jul percentsun = 48
| Aug percentsun = 47
| Sep percentsun = 59
| Oct percentsun = 59
| Nov percentsun = 55
| Dec percentsun = 51
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 6.8
|Feb snow days = 6.2
|Mar snow days = 9.0
|Apr snow days = 3.9
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 2.6
|Nov snow days = 7.8
|Dec snow days = 8.4
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =27 September 2023}}</ref>
}}


==Tourism==
==Tourism==

Latest revision as of 20:56, 14 May 2024

Hailin
海林市
County-level city
Hailin in Mudanjiang
Hailin in Mudanjiang
Hailin is located in Heilongjiang
Hailin
Hailin
Location of the city center in Heilongjiang
Coordinates: 44°35′38″N 129°22′48″E / 44.594°N 129.380°E / 44.594; 129.380
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHeilongjiang
Prefecture-level cityMudanjiang
Area
 • Land9,877 km2 (3,814 sq mi)
Population
 (2003)
 • Total440,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
157100
Area code0453
ClimateDwa
Websitewww.hailin.gov.cn

Hailin (Chinese: 海林; pinyin: Hǎilín) is a county-level city, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang, in the southeast of Heilongjiang province, China, bordering Jilin province to the southwest. It has an area of 8,816 km2 (3,404 sq mi), and a population of 422,000 (as reported in 2012). Ethnic groups include the majority Han Chinese as well as significant numbers of Manchu and ethnic Koreans.

Name and meaning[edit]

The name Hailin in English means "sea forest". Some people guess the meaning is "boundless forest", but the city was a merger of two counties, "Xinhai" and "Wulin", and its name was chosen by Chinese character in each of the old counties, and combined as"Hailin". In this sense, Hailin shares a name with the "boundless" Linhai Snowfield (林海雪原; Línhǎi Xuěyuán).

Hailin is today known by several descriptive names - "forest sea and snow plain", "hometown of Manchurian tigers", and "hometown of Chinese north medicine". However, in the past many knew Hailin from the story of people's revolutionary hero Yang Zi Rong (杨子荣), the real life hero Zhang Zonggui. His story was made into a modern, revolutionary Beijing opera Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy, based the 1957 novel 林海雪原 (Línhǎi Xuěyuan) by Qü Bo.[1] Various movies have been made of the same story.

History[edit]

Hailin must have been inhabited even in the ancient times of the Shāng Dynasty or Yīn Dynasty (殷代), if not the Neolithic era. Historic sites include ancient Qunli rock paintings, Jiangdong ancient cemeteries of Jin Dynasty, the early site of the Qing Dynasty Ninguta city (from which a structure called Ninggu Ta - "Ninngu Tower" - remains[2]), a wooden Russian Orthodox cathedral, a depot of the Chinese Eastern Railway constructed in 1903, and the Yang Zirong martyrs' cemetery.

During Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese established a military airport at Hailin. Even recently (2005) aircraft bombs continue to be discovered during construction and other projects.

The present day administrative division traces its recent history to Xinhai county established in 1946. The division was changed to city-grade in 1992.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Nowadays, there are 8 towns and 123 administrative villages in Hailin City. The towns include :[3]

Geography and resources[edit]

The K1452 Train on the Harbin-Suifenhe Railway along the Hailang River near Hailin.

90% of the Hailin City administrative area is mountainous. Principal geographic features of Hailin include Shen Mountain, Qian Mountain, Qiulingman Mound, Haigu Plain, Zhangguancai Ridge, and 140 streams or rivers of the Mudanjiang water system (74 belonging to the Hailang drainage basin and 66 belonging to the Mudanjiang drainage basin). The larger rivers are the Mudanjiang River, the Hailang River, Sandao River, Erdao River, Toudao River, Shanshi River, Mijang River, Hongdian River, and Douyin River.

71% of the county is covered by forest. Important products include timber, medicinal herbs such as ginseng and eleutherococcus senticosus, and forest foods such as edible mushrooms, which are farmed in large quantities.

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Hailin (2006–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		11.0
(51.8) 		19.0
(66.2) 		29.9
(85.8) 		33.0
(91.4) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.6
(99.7) 		35.9
(96.6) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		37.6
(99.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −10.0
(14.0) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		3.2
(37.8) 		13.3
(55.9) 		20.8
(69.4) 		25.6
(78.1) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.6
(79.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		10.7
(51.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		13.7
(56.7) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.9
(71.4) 		20.7
(69.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−14.8
(5.4) 		4.0
(39.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −22.8
(−9.0) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		6.9
(44.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		16.9
(62.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−2.0
(28.4)
Record low °C (°F) −34.0
(−29.2) 		−33.8
(−28.8) 		−24.4
(−11.9) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		4.9
(40.8) 		9.3
(48.7) 		7.5
(45.5) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−14.7
(5.5) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−32.0
(−25.6) 		−34.0
(−29.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4.7
(0.19) 		4.6
(0.18) 		11.2
(0.44) 		26.8
(1.06) 		64.3
(2.53) 		86.0
(3.39) 		129.2
(5.09) 		118
(4.6) 		62.1
(2.44) 		29.6
(1.17) 		17.0
(0.67) 		5.6
(0.22) 		559.1
(21.98)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.8 3.9 6.7 8.0 13.8 15.0 14.4 15.2 10.5 8.1 6.3 5.5 111.2
Average snowy days 6.8 6.2 9.0 3.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 2.6 7.8 8.4 44.8
Average relative humidity (%) 68 62 57 53 60 70 77 80 74 66 65 68 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 152.0 179.1 216.9 216.3 237.5 234.8 225.5 203.4 217.6 198.8 156.8 140.7 2,379.4
Percent possible sunshine 53 60 58 53 52 51 48 47 59 59 55 51 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]

Tourism[edit]

Tourist activities include skiing. Other attractions include two national forest parks (Roaring Tiger Mountain and China Snowland), the largest artificial lake in northeast China (the Lotus Lake), and the largest animal raising center in China, if not the world (the Hengdaohezi Northeast Tiger Center). Hengdaohezi Northeast Tiger Park is the largest breeding center for Siberian tigers in the country. It was established in 1986 with 8 tigers, and has a population of some 256 tigers (as of 2006).

References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ In English, published by the Foreign Languages Press as "Tracks in the Snowy Forest", by Chu Po (Author), Sidney Shapiro (Translator)
  2. ^ 默读宁古塔 [Silently reading Ninguta]. Hailin People's Government. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  3. ^ "国家统计局" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  5. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

Sources[edit]

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