Gale Cleven: Difference between revisions
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|battles = [[World War II]] |
|battles = [[World War II]] [[Korean War]] [[Vietnam War]] |
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|awards = [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]]<br>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] |
|awards = [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]]<br>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br>[[Air Medal]] (4) |
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|memorials = |
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|alma_mater = [[University of Wyoming]] (BA) <br /> [[Harvard Business School]] (MBA) <br /> [[ |
|alma_mater = [[University of Wyoming]] (BA) <br /> [[Harvard Business School]] (MBA) <br /> [[Georgetown University]] (PhD) |
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|spouse = {{unbulleted list| |
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|{{marriage|Marjorie Ruth Spencer|1945|1953|end=died}} |
|{{marriage|Marjorie Ruth Spencer|1945|1953|end=died}} |
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'''Gale Winston "Buck" Cleven''' (December 27, 1918 – November 17, 2006) was an American pilot who served with the [[100th Bomb Group]] of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] during [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Donald L. |title=Masters of the air: America's bomber boys who fought the air war against Nazi Germany |date=2007 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780743235457 |edition=1. Simon & Schuster trade paperback}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Major Gale Cleven, Odessan, comes through tough raid |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-odessa-american-major-gale-cleven-o/139736417/ |access-date=January 28, 2024 |work=[[The Odessa American]] |date=October 26, 1943 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-odessa-american-major-gale-continue/139736462/ 3] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}{{open access}}</ref> |
'''Gale Winston "Buck" Cleven''' (December 27, 1918 – November 17, 2006) was an American pilot who served with the [[100th Bomb Group]] of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] during [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Donald L. |title=Masters of the air: America's bomber boys who fought the air war against Nazi Germany |date=2007 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780743235457 |edition=1. Simon & Schuster trade paperback}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Major Gale Cleven, Odessan, comes through tough raid |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-odessa-american-major-gale-cleven-o/139736417/ |access-date=January 28, 2024 |work=[[The Odessa American]] |date=October 26, 1943 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-odessa-american-major-gale-continue/139736462/ 3] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}{{open access}}</ref> |
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== |
== Early life and military service == |
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Gale Cleven was born on December 27, 1914 in [[Lemmon, South Dakota]], before the family moved to Wyoming for his father to work in the oil fields. Cleven grew up a little bit north of [[Casper, Wyoming]] and graduated valedictorian at his high school.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-01-12 |title=Ronman of Academia Rule 1 at Webber College: Don't Mess With Buck Cleven. Rule 2: Buck Cleven Makes All the Rules. |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1986/01/12/ronman-of-academia-rule-1-at-webber-college-dont-mess-with-buck-cleven-rule-2-buck-cleven-makes-all-the-rules/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Orlando Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> He worked as a roughneck in the oil fields throughout his undergraduate career at the [[University of Wyoming]]. During his time at the University of Wyoming his studied mathematics and was a council member for [[Phi Delta Theta]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-04-01 |title=Gale Cleven and George Niethammer: The Wyoming Connection in “Masters of the Air” |url=https://ahcwyo.org/2024/04/01/gale-cleven-and-george-niethammer-the-wyoming-connection-in-masters-of-the-air/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=American Heritage Center (AHC) #AlwaysArchiving |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== World War II === |
=== World War II === |
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On February 20, 1940 Cleven enlisted in the Army. |
On February 20, 1940, Cleven enlisted in the Army and received flight training at [[Randolph Air Force Base|Randolph]] and [[Kelly Field|Kelly Fields, Texas]]. He was an instructor for the 29th Bomb Group in at the McDill Air Force base in May 1942, and was promoted to commander of the 350th Bomb Squadron in July 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 Mar 2024 |title=Gale Winston Cleven |url=https://www.americanairmuseum.com/archive/person/gale-winston-cleven |access-date=June 15, 2024 |website=American Air Museum in Britain}}</ref> |
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He was a part of the [[Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission|Regensburg shuttle mission]], piloting one of the few [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B- |
His service with the 100th Bomb Group of the [[Eighth Air Force]] began on October 27, 1942. He was a part of the [[Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission|Regensburg shuttle mission]], piloting one of the few [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17s]] to reach North Africa. In January 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Major.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Personnel |url=https://100thbg.com/personnel/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=100th Bomb Group Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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On October 8, 1943, while on his 22nd mission, he was shot down over [[Bremen|Bremen, Germany]]. Cleven was then taken as a [[prisoner-of-war]] to [[Stalag Luft III]] and [[Stalag VII-A]], before escaping to American lines in March 1945.<ref name=":1" /> During his time in the camp, Cleven taught advanced calculus to other prisoners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life behind the wire at Stalag Luft III |url=https://www.americanairmuseum.com/stories/life-behind-wire-stalag-luft-iii |access-date=June 15, 2024 |website=American Air Museum in Britain}}</ref> |
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Cleven continued to be a member of the Air Force and served through out the [[Korean War|Korean]] and [[Vietnam War|Vietnam wars]] before he retired, with the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]].<ref name=":2" /> |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Cleven married his childhood sweetheart Marjorie in July 1945. She |
Cleven married his childhood sweetheart Marjorie {{nee}} Spencer from [[Lander, Wyoming]] in July 1945. She died from a brain aneurysm in August 1953 shortly after contracting polio while visiting her family in Coffeyville, Kansas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maj Gale W. "Buck" CLEVEN |url=https://100thbg.com/personnel/?personnel_id=911 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=100th Bomb Group Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-08-25 |title=Article clipped from Fort Worth Star-Telegram |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram/67976962/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |pages=20}}</ref> In 1955, he married Esther Lee Athey, to whom he remained married until he died in 2006, leaving behind his wife, a daughter and two grandchildren.<ref name="historyExtra"/> |
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During flying school, Cleven was given the nickname ''Buck'' by fellow airman and best friend [[John C. Egan|John "Bucky" Egan]], as the latter thought that he looked like his friend from Wisconsin named Buck.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Meilan Solly |title=The Real History Behind |
During flying school, Cleven was given the nickname ''Buck'' by fellow airman and best friend [[John C. Egan|John "Bucky" Egan]], as the latter thought that he looked like his friend from Wisconsin named Buck.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Meilan Solly |title=The Real History Behind 'Masters of the Air' and the 100th Bomb Group |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-real-history-behind-masters-of-the-air-and-the-100th-bomb-group-180983629/ |access-date=28 January 2024 |work=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=23 January 2024}}</ref> |
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After the war, Cleven earned an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] from [[Harvard Business School]] and a Ph.D. in interplanetary physics.<ref name=":0" /> After retiring from the Air Force, Cleven held a number of different jobs including in aeronautics and as the president of [[Webber International University|Webber College]] from 1979–1986.<ref name=":2" /> During his time as president at Webber College he was credited with increasing enrollment and the academic offerings of the college, and laying the foundation for the schools athletic programs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunshine |first=Steve |title=Dr. Gale W. “Buck” Cleven 1979 to 1986 |url=https://webberlegacyfoundation.org/memorials/dr-gale-w-buck-cleven-1979-to-1986 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=webberlegacyfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref> |
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After the war, Cleven earned an MBA from Harvard Business School and a Ph.D in interplanetary physics.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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Cleven is portrayed by [[Austin Butler]] in [[Apple TV+]]'s ''[[Masters of the Air]]''.<ref name="historyExtra">{{cite news |author1=Jonny Wilkes |title=The real Gale Cleven: who was Buck in Masters of the Air? |url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/real-gale-cleven-buck-masters-of-the-air/ |access-date=January 28, 2024 |work=[[History Extra]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]] |date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> |
Cleven is portrayed by [[Austin Butler]] in [[Apple TV+]]'s ''[[Masters of the Air]]''.<ref name="historyExtra">{{cite news |author1=Jonny Wilkes |title=The real Gale Cleven: who was Buck in Masters of the Air? |url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/real-gale-cleven-buck-masters-of-the-air/ |access-date=January 28, 2024 |work=[[History Extra]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]] |date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> His future wife Marge Spencer is portrayed by [[Isabel May]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumari |first=Kopal |date=2024-01-26 |title=When do new episodes of 'Masters of the Air' release and how many are there? |url=https://wegotthiscovered.com/tv/when-do-new-episodes-of-masters-of-the-air-release-and-how-many-are-there/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=We Got This Covered |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==Awards and decorations== |
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His awards include: |
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|colspan="2"|[[File:COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png|150px]] [[USAF Aeronautical Ratings#Pilot ratings|USAF Command pilot badge]] |
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|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=oak|other_device=|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] |
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|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|name=Air Medal ribbon|width=106}} |
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|[[Air Medal]] with three bronze [[oak leaf cluster]]s |
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|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=oak|ribbon=AF Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon.png|width=106}} |
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|[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Air Force Presidential Unit Citation]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Prisoner of War ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[Prisoner of War Medal]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[American Defense Service Medal]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[American Campaign Medal]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal]] with bronze [[campaign star]] |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|[[World War II Victory Medal]] |
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|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|name=National Defense Service Medal ribbon|width=106}} |
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|[[National Defense Service Medal]] |
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|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|name=Air Force Longevity Service ribbon|width=106}} |
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|[[Air Force Longevity Service Award]] with four bronze oak leaf clusters |
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===Distinguished Service Cross citation=== |
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:Cleven, Gale W. |
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:Major (Air Corps), U.S. Army Air Forces |
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:350th Bombardment Squadron, 100th Bombardment Group, Eighth Air Force |
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:Date of Action: August 17, 1943 |
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:Citation: |
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The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Air Corps) Gale Winston Cleven, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a B-17 Heavy Bomber in the 350th Bombardment Squadron, 100th Bombardment Group (H), Eighth Air Force, while participating in a bombing mission on 17 August 1943, against enemy ground targets in Bremen, Germany. With his ship badly damaged, partially out of control, and with serous injuries to his personnel, Major Cleven continued to lead his squadron to the target in the face of extremely heavy attacks by enemy aircraft, executed a successful bombing attack, and reached base in North Africa safely. This brilliantly successful operation, to which Major Cleven contributed very largely, resulted in a damaging blow to the enemy by the destruction of military objectives and of a large number of enemy aircraft. The extraordinary heroism, coolness, and skill displayed by Major Cleven on this occasion reflect the greatest credit upon himself and were an inspiration to the members of his command.<ref name="valor.militarytimes.com">{{cite web|url= https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/30546 |title=Valor awards for Gale Winston Cleven|website=Military Times |access-date=2024-05-04}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:2006 deaths]] |
[[Category:2006 deaths]] |
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[[Category:American prisoners of war in World War II]] |
[[Category:American prisoners of war in World War II]] |
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[[Category:American World War II bomber pilots]] |
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[[Category:Aviators from South Dakota]] |
[[Category:Aviators from South Dakota]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel from South Dakota]] |
[[Category:Military personnel from South Dakota]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] |
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[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]] |
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]] |
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[[Category:Stalag Luft III prisoners of World War II]] |
[[Category:Stalag Luft III prisoners of World War II]] |
Revision as of 23:20, 20 June 2024
Gale W. Cleven | |
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Nickname(s) | Buck |
Born | Lemmon, South Dakota, U.S. | December 27, 1918
Died | November 17, 2006 Sheridan, Wyoming, U.S. | (aged 87)
Allegiance | United States |
Service/ | |
Years of service | 1940–1963 |
Rank | Colonel |
Service number | O-399782 |
Unit | 100th Bombardment Group (Heavy) |
Battles/wars | World War II Korean War Vietnam War |
Awards | Distinguished Service Cross Distinguished Flying Cross Air Medal (4) |
Alma mater | University of Wyoming (BA) Harvard Business School (MBA) Georgetown University (PhD) |
Spouse(s) |
|
Gale Winston "Buck" Cleven (December 27, 1918 – November 17, 2006) was an American pilot who served with the 100th Bomb Group of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.[1][2]
Early life and military service
Gale Cleven was born on December 27, 1914 in Lemmon, South Dakota, before the family moved to Wyoming for his father to work in the oil fields. Cleven grew up a little bit north of Casper, Wyoming and graduated valedictorian at his high school.[3] He worked as a roughneck in the oil fields throughout his undergraduate career at the University of Wyoming. During his time at the University of Wyoming his studied mathematics and was a council member for Phi Delta Theta.[1][4]
World War II
On February 20, 1940, Cleven enlisted in the Army and received flight training at Randolph and Kelly Fields, Texas. He was an instructor for the 29th Bomb Group in at the McDill Air Force base in May 1942, and was promoted to commander of the 350th Bomb Squadron in July 1942.[5]
His service with the 100th Bomb Group of the Eighth Air Force began on October 27, 1942. He was a part of the Regensburg shuttle mission, piloting one of the few B-17s to reach North Africa. In January 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Major.[6]
On October 8, 1943, while on his 22nd mission, he was shot down over Bremen, Germany. Cleven was then taken as a prisoner-of-war to Stalag Luft III and Stalag VII-A, before escaping to American lines in March 1945.[6] During his time in the camp, Cleven taught advanced calculus to other prisoners.[7]
Cleven continued to be a member of the Air Force and served through out the Korean and Vietnam wars before he retired, with the rank of Colonel.[4]
Personal life
Cleven married his childhood sweetheart Marjorie née Spencer from Lander, Wyoming in July 1945. She died from a brain aneurysm in August 1953 shortly after contracting polio while visiting her family in Coffeyville, Kansas.[8][9] In 1955, he married Esther Lee Athey, to whom he remained married until he died in 2006, leaving behind his wife, a daughter and two grandchildren.[10]
During flying school, Cleven was given the nickname Buck by fellow airman and best friend John "Bucky" Egan, as the latter thought that he looked like his friend from Wisconsin named Buck.[11]
After the war, Cleven earned an MBA from Harvard Business School and a Ph.D. in interplanetary physics.[1] After retiring from the Air Force, Cleven held a number of different jobs including in aeronautics and as the president of Webber College from 1979–1986.[4] During his time as president at Webber College he was credited with increasing enrollment and the academic offerings of the college, and laying the foundation for the schools athletic programs.[12]
In popular culture
Cleven is portrayed by Austin Butler in Apple TV+'s Masters of the Air.[10] His future wife Marge Spencer is portrayed by Isabel May.[13]
Awards and decorations
His awards include:
Distinguished Service Cross citation
- Cleven, Gale W.
- Major (Air Corps), U.S. Army Air Forces
- 350th Bombardment Squadron, 100th Bombardment Group, Eighth Air Force
- Date of Action: August 17, 1943
- Citation:
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Air Corps) Gale Winston Cleven, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a B-17 Heavy Bomber in the 350th Bombardment Squadron, 100th Bombardment Group (H), Eighth Air Force, while participating in a bombing mission on 17 August 1943, against enemy ground targets in Bremen, Germany. With his ship badly damaged, partially out of control, and with serous injuries to his personnel, Major Cleven continued to lead his squadron to the target in the face of extremely heavy attacks by enemy aircraft, executed a successful bombing attack, and reached base in North Africa safely. This brilliantly successful operation, to which Major Cleven contributed very largely, resulted in a damaging blow to the enemy by the destruction of military objectives and of a large number of enemy aircraft. The extraordinary heroism, coolness, and skill displayed by Major Cleven on this occasion reflect the greatest credit upon himself and were an inspiration to the members of his command.[14]
References
- ^ a b c Miller, Donald L. (2007). Masters of the air: America's bomber boys who fought the air war against Nazi Germany (1. Simon & Schuster trade paperback ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743235457.
- ^ "Major Gale Cleven, Odessan, comes through tough raid". The Odessa American. October 26, 1943. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved January 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Ronman of Academia Rule 1 at Webber College: Don't Mess With Buck Cleven. Rule 2: Buck Cleven Makes All the Rules". Orlando Sentinel. 1986-01-12. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ a b c "Gale Cleven and George Niethammer: The Wyoming Connection in "Masters of the Air"". American Heritage Center (AHC) #AlwaysArchiving. 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ "Gale Winston Cleven". American Air Museum in Britain. 18 Mar 2024. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ a b "Personnel". 100th Bomb Group Foundation. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ "Life behind the wire at Stalag Luft III". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ "Maj Gale W. "Buck" CLEVEN". 100th Bomb Group Foundation. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "Article clipped from Fort Worth Star-Telegram". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 1953-08-25. p. 20. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ^ a b Jonny Wilkes (January 26, 2024). "The real Gale Cleven: who was Buck in Masters of the Air?". History Extra. Immediate Media Company. Retrieved January 28, 2024.
- ^ Meilan Solly (23 January 2024). "The Real History Behind 'Masters of the Air' and the 100th Bomb Group". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ^ Sunshine, Steve. "Dr. Gale W. "Buck" Cleven 1979 to 1986". webberlegacyfoundation.org. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Kumari, Kopal (2024-01-26). "When do new episodes of 'Masters of the Air' release and how many are there?". We Got This Covered. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "Valor awards for Gale Winston Cleven". Military Times. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
External links
- World War II United States Army personnel stubs
- 1918 births
- 2006 deaths
- American prisoners of war in World War II
- American World War II bomber pilots
- Aviators from South Dakota
- Military personnel from South Dakota
- People from Lemmon, South Dakota
- United States Army Air Forces officers
- United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
- Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
- Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
- Recipients of the Air Medal
- World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
- Stalag Luft III prisoners of World War II
- United States Air Force colonels
- United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II
- Burials at Santa Fe National Cemetery
- University of Wyoming alumni
- George Washington University alumni
- Harvard Business School alumni