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{{short description|Ship of the line of the French Navy}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:French ship ''Océan'' (1790)}}
{{otherships|French ship Océan}}
{{other ships|French ship Océan}}
{{Unreferenced|date=October 2007}}
{{no footnotes|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
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|Ship caption=''Océan'' drawn by [[Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio]]
|Ship caption=''Océan'' drawn by [[Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio]]
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=France
|Ship country=France
|Ship flag={{Shipboxflag|France|naval-1790}} {{Shipboxflag|France|naval}} {{Shipboxflag|Kingdom of France|naval}} {{Shipboxflag|France|naval}}
|Ship flag=[[Image:Flag of French-Navy-Revolution.svg|40px|border|French Navy Ensign]] [[Image:Civil and Naval Ensign of France.svg|40px|border|French Navy Ensign]] [[Image:Naval Ensign of the Kingdom of France.svg|40px|border|French Navy Ensign]] [[Image:Civil and Naval Ensign of France.svg|40px|border|French Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name=
|Ship name=
|Ship namesake=[[Ocean]]
|Ship namesake=[[Ocean]]
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|Ship registry=
|Ship registry=
|Ship route=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=30 September 1785 <ref name="boudriot">Boudriot, p.21</ref>
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=Arsenal de [[Toulon]]
|Ship builder=Arsenal de [[Toulon]]
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|Ship yard number=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=12 August 1786 as ''États de Bourgogne''<ref name="Demerliac-Ocean">Demerliac, ''1774 à 1792''</ref><ref name="Roche-Ocean">Roche, vol.1, ''Océan''</ref>
|Ship laid down=12-8-1786
|Ship launched=8-11-1790
|Ship launched=8 November 1790<ref name="Roche-Ocean" />
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=12-1791
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship commissioned=
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|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=2-8-1850
|Ship out of service=2 August 1850
|Ship renamed=Ordered as ''États de Bourgogne''; ''Côte d'Or'' 22 January 1793; ''Montagne'' 22 October 1793; ''Peuple'' 25 May 1795;''Océan'' 30 May 1795.
|Ship renamed=Ordered and completed as ''États de Bourgogne''; ''Côte d'Or'' 22 January 1793; ''Montagne'' 22 October 1793; ''Peuple'' 25 May 1795; ''Océan'' 30 May 1795.
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship refit=
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|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Broken up in 1856
|Ship fate=Broken up in 1856
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship badge=
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Océan class ship of the line|''Océan'' class ship of the line]]
|Ship class={{sclass|Océan|ship of the line}}
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=2&nbsp;700 [[tonne]]s
|Ship displacement=2&nbsp;700 [[tonne]]s
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|65.18|m|abbr=on}} (196,6 French feet)
|Ship length={{convert|65.18|m|abbr=on}} (196.6 French feet)
|Ship beam={{convert|16.24|m|abbr=on}} (50 French feet)
|Ship beam={{convert|16.24|m|abbr=on}} (50 French feet)
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
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|Ship ice class=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship power=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=sail, 3 265 m²
|Ship propulsion=sail, {{convert|3265|m2|abbr=on}}
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed=
|Ship speed=
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|Ship capacity=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=1&nbsp;079 men
|Ship complement=1,079
|Ship crew=
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=Lower deck: <br>
|Ship armament=* Lower deck:
lower deck: 32 [[36-pounder long gun|36-pound guns]]<br>
* lower deck: 32 [[36-pounder long gun|36-pounder guns]]
middle deck: 34 [[24-pounder long gun|24-pound guns]]<br>
* middle deck: 34 [[24-pounder long gun|24-pounder guns]]
upper deck: 34 [[12-pounder long gun|12-pound guns]]<br>
* upper deck: 34 [[12-pounder long gun|12-pounder guns]]
[[forecastle]]: 18 8-pound guns, 6 36-pound [[carronade]]s
* [[forecastle]]: 18 8-pounder guns, 6 36-pounder [[carronade]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''''Océan''''' was a 118-gun [[first-rate]] three-decker [[ship of the line]] of the [[French Navy]], lead ship of [[Océan type 118-gun ship of the line|her class]]. She was funded by a [[don des vaisseaux ]] donation from the Estates of Bourgogne.
'''''Océan''''' was a 118-gun [[first-rate]] three-decker [[ship of the line]] of the [[French Navy]], lead ship<ref group=note>''Commerce de Marseille'' was ordered after ''États de Bourgogne'' (which was later renamed ''Océan''), but launched before her; therefore, the ship type is alternatively called ''Commerce de Marseille'' class or ''Océan'' class</ref> of [[Océan-class ship of the line|her class]]. She was funded by a [[don des vaisseaux]] donation from the Estates of Bourgogne.


She was ordered as '''''États de Bourgogne''''' and was launched at [[Brest, France|Brest]] in 1790. Like many French ships of the line during the Revolutionary period, she was renamed several times, becoming '''''Côte d'Or''''' in January 1793, '''''Montagne''''' in October 1793, '''''Peuple''''' on 17 May 1795, and a matter of weeks later again renamed, to '''''Océan'''''. She served until 1855.
She was ordered as '''''États de Bourgogne''''' and was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] at [[Brest, France|Brest]] in 1790. Like many French ships of the line during the Revolutionary period, she was renamed several times, becoming '''''Côte d'Or''''' in January 1793, '''''Montagne''''' in October 1793, '''''Peuple''''' on 17 May 1795, and a matter of weeks later again renamed, to '''''Océan'''''. She served until 1855.


A large model at the 1/16 scale can be seen at the [[Musée de la Marine]] in [[Paris]].
A large model of a generic ''Océan''-class ship, named ''Océan'', at the {{fraction|1|16}} scale can be seen at the [[Musée de la Marine]] in [[Paris]].


== Career ==
== Career ==
[[File:Ocean 1790 Model Musem Paris mp3h9289.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=An old-gold colored figurehead, still attached to the brown wooden ship, of a crowned, bearded man with a double-handed spear. He is covered on his forward arm and just below his waist by flowing cloth. With one foot back towards the ship and one foot forward on gold scroll-work at the bow, he shown starting a charge forward, aiming his spear ahead.|Figurehead of the ''Océan''.]]
[[File:Ocean 1790 Model Musem Paris mp3h9289.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=An old-gold coloured figurehead, still attached to the brown wooden ship, of a crowned, bearded man with a double-handed spear. He is covered on his forward arm and just below his waist by flowing cloth. With one foot back towards the ship and one foot forward on gold scroll-work at the bow, he shown starting a charge forward, aiming his spear ahead.|Figurehead of ''Océan''.]]
As the largest ship of the line in the Brest fleet, the ship spent much of her early career as the fleet [[flagship]].
As the largest ship of the line in the Brest fleet, the ship spent much of her early career as the fleet [[flagship]].


As ''Montagne'', the ship was the flagship of Rear-Admiral [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Villaret-Joyeuse]] in the [[Glorious First of June|Combat de Prairial]] (known in English literature as the [[Glorious First of June]]) in 1794. She was badly damaged by the [[HMS Royal Sovereign (1786)|HMS ''Royal Sovereign'']], losing 313 men and receiving 233 round shots in her hull.
As ''Montagne'', the ship was the [[flagship]] of Rear-Admiral [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Villaret-Joyeuse]] in the [[Glorious First of June|Combat de Prairial]] (known in English literature as the [[Glorious First of June]]) in 1794. She was badly damaged by {{HMS|Royal Sovereign|1786|6}}, losing 313 men and receiving 233 round shots in her hull.


On 17 May 1795, she was renamed ''Peuple''; a month later, on the 23 of June she fought in the [[Battle of Groix]] as [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Villaret]]'s flagship. Returning to [[Lorient]] three days later, she was (officially, since 30 of May the name ''Océan'' was used) renamed to ''Océan''.
On 17 May 1795, she was renamed ''Peuple''; a month later, on 23 June she fought in the [[Battle of Groix]] as [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Villaret]]'s flagship. Returning to [[Lorient]] three days later, she was officially renamed to ''Océan'', a name that had been in use since 30 May.


She was refitted in Brest in 1797.
She was refitted in Brest in 1797.


In 1801, she once again served as [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Villaret]]'s flagship, ferrying troops of [[Charles Leclerc|Leclerc]]'s expedition to [[Saint-Domingue]].
In 1801, she once again served as Villaret's flagship, ferrying troops of [[Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)|Leclerc]]'s expedition to [[Saint-Domingue]].


''Océan'' was [[Zacharie Allemand|Allemand]]'s flagship at the [[Battle of the Basque Roads]].
''Océan'' was [[Zacharie Allemand|Allemand]]'s flagship at the [[Battle of the Basque Roads]].


She was decommissioned on 2 August 1850, and used as a floating [[artillery battery]] from May 1851.
She was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] on 2 August 1850, and used as a floating [[artillery battery]] from May 1851.


<gallery>
{{gallery
|align=center
⚫
Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000425.jpg
|title=Views of ''Océan''
⚫
Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000426.jpg
Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000424.jpg
|Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000425.jpg|Large model of a generic ''Océan''-class ship, named ''Océan''
Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000427.jpg
|Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000426.jpg|
Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000422.jpg
|Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000424.jpg|
⚫
|Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000427.jpg|
⚫
Image:Loutherbourg, The Glorious First of June.jpg|The ''Océan'', as ''Montagne'', in Louthebourg's ''[[Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious First of June]]''
⚫
|Image:MuseeMarine-Ocean-p1000422.jpg|
</gallery>
|File:Ushant, 1794 RCIN 735024.a.jpg|''Montagne'' (shown) in the [[Atlantic campaign of May 1794|preliminary action]] which led, two days later, to the engagement known as 'Battle of the Glorious First of June
⚫
|File:Loutherbourg-La Victoire de Lord Howe.jpg|''Océan'', as ''Montagne'', in [[Philip James de Loutherbourg|Loutherbourg]]'s painting ''[[Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious First of June]]''
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Citations==
{{reflist}}


==See also==
==References==
* "Le vaisseau trois-ponts l’Océan", [[Jean Boudriot]], in ''Neptunia'' n° 102 (1971), page 21.
⚫
* [http://marinepremierempire.free.fr/l_ocean_473.htm French ship Océan]
* {{cite book|title=La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 à 1792|last=Demerliac|first=Alain|year=2004|publisher=Éditions Ancre|isbn=2-906381-23-3|language=French}}
* {{cite book|first=Jean-Michel|last=Roche|year=2005|title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours|isbn=978-2-9525917-0-6|oclc=165892922|publisher=Group Retozel-Maury Millau|volume=1}} (1671-1870)


==External links==
⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100712234240/http://marinepremierempire.free.fr/l_ocean_473.htm French ship Océan]
{{Commons category|Océan (ship, 1790) }}
{{Commons category|Océan (ship, 1790) }}


Latest revision as of 22:25, 19 November 2023

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Océan.

Océan
History
France
NamesakeOcean
Ordered30 September 1785 [2]
BuilderArsenal de Toulon
Laid down12 August 1786 as États de Bourgogne[3][1]
Launched8 November 1790[1]
Out of service2 August 1850
RenamedOrdered and completed as États de Bourgogne; Côte d'Or 22 January 1793; Montagne 22 October 1793; Peuple 25 May 1795; Océan 30 May 1795.
Stricken1851 floating battery, 1855/56 broken up
FateBroken up in 1856
General characteristics
Class and typeOcéan-class ship of the line
Displacement2 700 tonnes
Length65.18 m (213.8 ft) (196.6 French feet)
Beam16.24 m (53.3 ft) (50 French feet)
Draught8.12 m (26.6 ft) (25 French feet)
Propulsionsail, 3,265 m2 (35,140 sq ft)
Complement1,079
Armament

Océan was a 118-gun first-rate three-decker ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship[note 1] of her class. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Bourgogne.

She was ordered as États de Bourgogne and was launched at Brest in 1790. Like many French ships of the line during the Revolutionary period, she was renamed several times, becoming Côte d'Or in January 1793, Montagne in October 1793, Peuple on 17 May 1795, and a matter of weeks later again renamed, to Océan. She served until 1855.

A large model of a generic Océan-class ship, named Océan, at the 1⁄16 scale can be seen at the Musée de la Marine in Paris.

Career[edit]

An old-gold coloured figurehead, still attached to the brown wooden ship, of a crowned, bearded man with a double-handed spear. He is covered on his forward arm and just below his waist by flowing cloth. With one foot back towards the ship and one foot forward on gold scroll-work at the bow, he shown starting a charge forward, aiming his spear ahead.
Figurehead of Océan.

As the largest ship of the line in the Brest fleet, the ship spent much of her early career as the fleet flagship.

As Montagne, the ship was the flagship of Rear-Admiral Villaret-Joyeuse in the Combat de Prairial (known in English literature as the Glorious First of June) in 1794. She was badly damaged by HMS Royal Sovereign, losing 313 men and receiving 233 round shots in her hull.

On 17 May 1795, she was renamed Peuple; a month later, on 23 June she fought in the Battle of Groix as Villaret's flagship. Returning to Lorient three days later, she was officially renamed to Océan, a name that had been in use since 30 May.

She was refitted in Brest in 1797.

In 1801, she once again served as Villaret's flagship, ferrying troops of Leclerc's expedition to Saint-Domingue.

Océan was Allemand's flagship at the Battle of the Basque Roads.

She was decommissioned on 2 August 1850, and used as a floating artillery battery from May 1851.

Views of Océan

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Commerce de Marseille was ordered after États de Bourgogne (which was later renamed Océan), but launched before her; therefore, the ship type is alternatively called Commerce de Marseille class or Océan class

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Roche, vol.1, Océan
  2. ^ Boudriot, p.21
  3. ^ Demerliac, 1774 à 1792

References[edit]

  • "Le vaisseau trois-ponts l’Océan", Jean Boudriot, in Neptunia n° 102 (1971), page 21.
  • Demerliac, Alain (2004). La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 à 1792 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-906381-23-3.
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922. (1671-1870)

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Océan (ship, 1790).
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