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{{Short description|Case law reporting in US courts}} |
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The '''''Federal Reporter''''' is a [[reporter (law)|reporter]] of [[government of the United States|federal]] [[case law]] in the [[United States]] that is published by [[West Publishing]]. The current series publishes [[court decision|decisions]] of the [[United States courts of appeals]] and the [[United States Court of Federal Claims]]; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though West is a private company and does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the U.S. that legal professionals uniformly [[case citation|cite]] to the ''Federal Reporter'' for included decisions. |
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{{italic title}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use American English|date=October 2023}} |
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[[File:Federal Reporter 3d.jpg|thumb|right|Federal Reporter, Third Series]] |
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The '''''Federal Reporter''''' ({{ISSN|1048-3888}}) is a [[case law reporter]] in the [[United States]] that is published by [[West Publishing]] and a part of the [[National Reporter System]].<ref name="OlsonPage185">{{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Kent C. |title=Legal Information How to Find It, How to Use it |date=1999 |publisher=Oryx Press |location=Phoenix, Arizona |isbn=9780897749633 |page=185 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BP5C6os40ToC&pg=PA185}}</ref> It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, ''[[Federal Cases]]''. The fourth and current ''Federal Reporter'' series publishes [[court decision|decisions]] of the [[United States courts of appeals]] and the [[United States Court of Federal Claims]]; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the ''Federal Reporter'' is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly [[case citation|cite]] to the ''Federal Reporter'' for included decisions.<ref name="BarkanPage68">{{cite book |last1=Barkan |first1=Steven M. |last2=Bintliff |first2=Barbara A. |last3=Whisner |first3=Mary |title=Fundamentals of Legal Research |date=2015 |publisher=Foundation Press |location=St. Paul |isbn=9781609300562 |page=68 |edition=10th}}</ref> Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.<ref name="OlsonPage185" /> |
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==Distinctions== |
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The ''Federal Reporter'' has always published decisions only from federal courts lower than the [[Supreme Court of the United States]], but not the Supreme Court itself. Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are published in one official reporter and two unofficial reporters, which are, respectively, the ''[[United States Reports]]'', ''Supreme Court Reports'' (a National Reporter System member published by West), and the [[Lawyers' Edition|United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' Edition]]. |
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Beginning in 1932, West stopped publishing federal district court cases in the ''Federal Reporter'' and began to publish them in a separate reporter, the ''[[Federal Supplement]]''.<ref name="OlsonPage185" /> |
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==Features and print format== |
==Features and print format== |
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The ''Federal Reporter'' organizes court opinions within each volume by the date of the decision, and includes the full official text of the court's opinion. |
The ''Federal Reporter'' organizes court opinions within each volume by the date of the decision, and includes the full official text of the court's opinion. West editors add headnotes that summarize key principles of law in the cases, and Key Numbers that classify the decisions by topic within the [[West American Digest System]]. |
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Only decisions designated by the courts as for |
Only decisions designated by the courts as "for publication—those with full [[precedent]]ial value for which citation in court filings is permissible—are included in the ''Federal Reporter''. "Unpublished" decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals may be found in the ''[[Federal Appendix]]'', also published by West. New opinions are first issued by West in weekly pamphlets called "Advance Sheets", to be eventually supplanted by the final hardbound, successively numbered volumes. Three series of ''Federal Reporter'' have been published to date, with the fourth series started in June 2021. |
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==Series== |
==Series== |
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===''Federal Reporter''=== |
===''Federal Reporter''=== |
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|Citation: '''F.''' |
|Citation: '''F.''' |
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|Published: |
|Published: 1880–1924 |
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|Volumes: 300 |
|Volumes: 300 |
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|Courts covered: |
|Courts covered: |
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*[[United States |
* [[United States Commerce Court|Commerce Court of the United States]] (1911–1913, abolished) |
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*[[United States Circuit |
* [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia]] (established in 1893) |
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*[[United States |
* [[Court of Claims (United States)|Court of Claims]] |
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*[[United States |
* [[United States circuit court]]s (abolished in 1912) |
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*[[Commerce Court of the United States]] (1911 – 1913, abolished) |
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* [[United States district courts]] |
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*[[Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia]] (established in 1893) |
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|Citation: '''F.2d''' |
|Citation: '''F.2d''' |
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|Published: |
|Published: 1924–1993 |
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|Volumes: 999 |
|Volumes: 999 |
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|- |
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|Courts covered: |
|Courts covered: |
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*[[United States |
* [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia]] (until 1932) |
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*[[United States |
* [[Court of Claims (United States)|Court of Claims]] (abolished in 1982) |
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*[[United States Court |
* [[United States Claims Court]]<ref>This court was redesignated as the ''United States Court of Federal Claims'' in 1993.</ref> (established in 1982) |
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* [[United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals]] (1929–1982)<ref>The United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals was subsequently merged into the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit]].</ref> |
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* [[United States courts of appeals]] |
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*[[United States Court of Claims]]<ref>This court was redesignated as the U.S. Court of Federal Claims in 1993.</ref> |
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* [[United States district courts]] (until 1932)<ref>United States district court opinions after 1932 are covered in the ''[[Federal Supplement]]'', also published by West.</ref> |
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*[[Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia]] (until 1932) |
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* [[United States Emergency Court of Appeals]] (1942–1961) |
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|Opinions |
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* [[s:Federal Reporter/Second series|List of opinions from the Federal Reporter, Second Series on Wikisource]] |
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|Citation: '''F.3d''' |
|Citation: '''F.3d''' |
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|Published: |
|Published: 1993–2021 |
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|- |
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|Volumes: |
|Volumes: 999 |
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|- |
|- |
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|Courts covered: |
|Courts covered: |
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*[[United States |
* [[United States Court of Federal Claims]] |
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*[[United States |
* [[United States courts of appeals]] |
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|Opinions |
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* [[s:Federal Reporter/Third series|List of opinions from the Federal Reporter, Third Series on Wikisource]] |
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===''Federal Reporter, Fourth Series''=== |
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|Citation: '''F.4th''' |
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|Published: 2021–present |
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|Courts covered: |
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* [[United States Court of Federal Claims]] |
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* [[United States courts of appeals]] |
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==Electronic sources== |
==Electronic sources== |
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{{wikisource}} |
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The ''Federal Reporter'', including its supplementary material, is also available on [[CD-ROM]] compilations, and on West's online legal database, [[Westlaw]]. |
The ''Federal Reporter'', including its supplementary material, is also available at websites including [http://openjurist.org OpenJurist.org], on [[CD-ROM]] compilations, and on West's online legal database, [[Westlaw]]. Because individual court cases are identified by [[case citation]]s that consist of printed page and volume numbers, the electronic text of the opinions incorporates the page numbers of the printed volumes with "star pagination" formatting—the numbers are boldfaced within brackets and with asterisks prepended (i.e., '''[*4]''') to stand out from the rest of the text. |
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Though West has [[copyright]] over its original headnotes and keynotes, the opinions themselves are [[public domain]] and accordingly may found in other sources, chiefly [[LexisNexis#Lexis.com|Lexis]], Westlaw's competitor. |
Though West has [[copyright]] over its original headnotes and keynotes, the opinions themselves are [[public domain]] and accordingly may be found in other sources, chiefly [[LexisNexis#Lexis.com|Lexis]], Westlaw's primary competitor. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has also ruled that Lexis can copy the page numbers from the ''Federal Reporter'' to allow for proper citation without violating West's copyright.<ref>See {{cite court |litigants=Matthew Bender & Co. v. West Publ. Co. |vol=158 |reporter=F.3d |opinion=693 |pinpoint= |court=[[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|2d Cir.]] |date=1999 |url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1998851158f3d6931777 |accessdate=2022-06-23 |quote=}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{official|https://store.legal.thomsonreuters.com/law-products/Reporters/Federal-Reporterreg-3d-National-Reporter-System/p/100000584}} |
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*[http://west.thomson.com/product/22121320/product.asp Official site for sales of ''Federal Reporter, 3d''] |
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[[Category:West (publisher)]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:National Reporter System]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:15, 6 October 2023
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System.[1] It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.[2] Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.[1]
Distinctions[edit]
The Federal Reporter has always published decisions only from federal courts lower than the Supreme Court of the United States, but not the Supreme Court itself. Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are published in one official reporter and two unofficial reporters, which are, respectively, the United States Reports, Supreme Court Reports (a National Reporter System member published by West), and the United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' Edition.
Beginning in 1932, West stopped publishing federal district court cases in the Federal Reporter and began to publish them in a separate reporter, the Federal Supplement.[1]
Features and print format[edit]
The Federal Reporter organizes court opinions within each volume by the date of the decision, and includes the full official text of the court's opinion. West editors add headnotes that summarize key principles of law in the cases, and Key Numbers that classify the decisions by topic within the West American Digest System.
Only decisions designated by the courts as "for publication—those with full precedential value for which citation in court filings is permissible—are included in the Federal Reporter. "Unpublished" decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals may be found in the Federal Appendix, also published by West. New opinions are first issued by West in weekly pamphlets called "Advance Sheets", to be eventually supplanted by the final hardbound, successively numbered volumes. Three series of Federal Reporter have been published to date, with the fourth series started in June 2021.
Series[edit]
Federal Reporter[edit]
| Citation: F. |
| Published: 1880–1924 |
| Volumes: 300 |
Courts covered:
|
Federal Reporter, Second Series[edit]
| Citation: F.2d |
| Published: 1924–1993 |
| Volumes: 999 |
Courts covered:
|
| Opinions |
Federal Reporter, Third Series[edit]
| Citation: F.3d |
| Published: 1993–2021 |
| Volumes: 999 |
| Courts covered: |
| Opinions |
Federal Reporter, Fourth Series[edit]
| Citation: F.4th |
| Published: 2021–present |
| Courts covered: |
Electronic sources[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Federal Reporter, including its supplementary material, is also available at websites including OpenJurist.org, on CD-ROM compilations, and on West's online legal database, Westlaw. Because individual court cases are identified by case citations that consist of printed page and volume numbers, the electronic text of the opinions incorporates the page numbers of the printed volumes with "star pagination" formatting—the numbers are boldfaced within brackets and with asterisks prepended (i.e., [*4]) to stand out from the rest of the text.
Though West has copyright over its original headnotes and keynotes, the opinions themselves are public domain and accordingly may be found in other sources, chiefly Lexis, Westlaw's primary competitor. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has also ruled that Lexis can copy the page numbers from the Federal Reporter to allow for proper citation without violating West's copyright.[6]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c Olson, Kent C. (1999). Legal Information How to Find It, How to Use it. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. p. 185. ISBN 9780897749633.
- ^ Barkan, Steven M.; Bintliff, Barbara A.; Whisner, Mary (2015). Fundamentals of Legal Research (10th ed.). St. Paul: Foundation Press. p. 68. ISBN 9781609300562.
- ^ This court was redesignated as the United States Court of Federal Claims in 1993.
- ^ The United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals was subsequently merged into the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
- ^ United States district court opinions after 1932 are covered in the Federal Supplement, also published by West.
- ^ See Matthew Bender & Co. v. West Publ. Co., 158 F.3d 693 (2d Cir. 1999).