www.fgks.org   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

Empire Tract: Difference between revisions

Add links
Coordinates: 38°03′55″N 121°28′48″W / 38.06528°N 121.48000°W / 38.06528; -121.48000 (Empire Tract)[1]
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
cvt for all "acres"es
m Deleted a duplicate "the".
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Island in California}}
{{good article}}
{{Short description|Island in California}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox islands
{{Infobox islands
| name = Empire Tract
| name = Empire Tract
| image = File:NASA Worldwind, USGS imagery map, Empire Tract, California.png
| image = File:NASA Worldwind, USGS imagery map, Empire Tract, California.png
| image_size =
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] aerial imagery of the Empire Tract
| image_caption = [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] aerial imagery of the Empire Tract
| image_alt = Aerial image of an island.
| image_alt = Aerial image of an island.
Line 32: Line 34:
| country_admin_divisions_2 =
| country_admin_divisions_2 =
}}
}}

The '''Empire Tract''' is an island in the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]],<ref name="aaa" /> in [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]], [[California]]. It has been used for agriculture since the 1800s.
The '''Empire Tract''' is an island in the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]]<ref name="aaa" /> in [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]], [[California]], United States. It has been used for agriculture since the 1800s; in the early 20th century it was used to plant potatoes, and United States president [[Herbert Hoover]] operated a beet farm there. In the 1960s, [[natural gas]] deposits were discovered beneath the island. In 1936, it was connected to the mainland by the Eight Mile Road Bridge, across [[King Island (California)|King Island]]. As with many islands in the Delta, the Empire Tract has experienced considerable [[land subsidence|subsidence]], and is well below [[sea level]].


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
⚫
It is part of [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]], [[California]], and managed by [[Reclamation District]] 2029.<ref name="SJLAFCO" /><ref name="SJRDmap" /> Its coordinates are {{coord|38|03|55|N|121|28|48|W|region:US-CA_source:gnis-223205|display=inline|name=Empire Tract|notes=<ref name="gnis" />}}, and the [[United States Geological Survey]] measured its elevation as {{cvt|-10|ft|m}} in 1981.<ref name="gnis" /> To the north is [[Terminous Tract]] (across [[White Slough]]), and to the northwest is [[Bouldin Island]] (across [[Little Potato Slough]]).<ref name="quadterminous" /> To its west is [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]] (across [[Little Connection Slough]]).<ref name="quadterminous" /> To its southwest are [[Little Venice Island|Little Venice]], [[Ward Island (California)|Ward]], [[Tinsley Island|Tinsley]], and [[Fern Island (California)|Fern]] Islands (across the Ward Cut, part of the [[Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel]]).<ref name="quadterminous" /> To its southeast is the [[Rindge Tract]], separated by [[Connection Slough]],<ref name="quadterminous" /> and to its east is [[King Island (California)|King Island]], separated by the approximately {{cvt|400|ft}} Honker Cut.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> The only road access to Empire Tract is the Eight Mile Road Bridge (29C-219), a two-lane bridge built in 1936, connecting to it from King Island.<ref name="eightmile" /> Ferry service runs between Empire Tract and [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]].<ref name="boatmap" /><ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18" />
It is part of [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]], [[California]], and managed by [[Reclamation District]] 2029.<ref name="SJLAFCO" /><ref name="SJRDmap" />

⚫
Its coordinates are {{coord|38|03|55|N|121|28|48|W|region:US-CA_source:gnis-223205|display=inline|name=Empire Tract|notes=<ref name="gnis" />}}, and the [[United States Geological Survey]] measured its elevation as {{cvt|-10|ft|m}} in 1981.<ref name="gnis" /> It appears on a 1952 USGS map of the area.<ref name="quadterminous" /> It is to the west of [[King Island (California)|King Island]], separated from it by the approximately {{cvt|400|ft}} Honker Cut.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> The only road access to Empire Tract is the Eight Mile Road Bridge (29C-219), a two-lane bridge built in 1936.<ref name="eightmile" /> Ferry service runs between Empire Tract and nearby [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]].<ref name="boatmap" /><ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18" />
[[File:KJ_Delta_Aerials_2530_03_08_19.JPG|thumb|center|300px|A 2019 aerial photo of [[White Slough]] taken looking south from the [[Terminous Tract]]; [[King Island (California)|King Island]] is on the left and the Empire Tract is on the right.]]


== History ==
== History ==
In December 1912, Lee A. Philips, a [[capitalist]] of Stockton and Los Angeles, purchased several islands in the California Delta, including the Empire Tract.<ref name="The Evening Mail 1913-01-11 p6" /> That year, {{cvt|1,500|acres}} of barley had been planted on the Empire Tract.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7" />
In December 1912, Lee A. Philips, a [[capitalist]] of Stockton and Los Angeles, purchased several islands in the California Delta, including the Empire Tract,<ref name="The Evening Mail 1913-01-11 p6" /> which began to be planted in that year by the Empire Navigation Company.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7" /> In 1912, {{cvt|1,500|acres}} of barley had been planted on the Empire Tract.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7" /> By 1913, the company planned to plant the tract with {{cvt|3310|acres}} of potatoes and only {{cvt|400|acres}} of barley.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7" />


By 1913, the island was being planted by the Empire Navigation Company. In that year, the company planned to plant the tract with {{cvt|3310|acres}} of potatoes and only {{cvt|400|acres}} of barley.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7" /> In a 1923 report on the hydrography of the San Joaquin River, the Empire Tract was measured as having {{cvt|3680|acres}} of land in total, with {{cvt|3361|acres}} irrigated.<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo" />{{rp|180}} Of these, {{cvt|1973|acres}} were devoted to potatoes, {{cvt|865|acres}} to fruit, {{cvt|481|acres}} to beans, and {{cvt|42|acres}} to hay.<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo" />{{rp|180}} That year, 600 acres of the tract were farmed by a partnership between Philip Giriodi, D. Stagi, and G. Lazzarino.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13" /> The next year, Giriodi would file a lawsuit against the others for a dissolution of the partnership, claiming that they had refused to pay him his share of the profits.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13" /> Two years later, the island was to be owned in its entirety by California Delta Farms, Incorporated.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> California Delta Farms would continue to own the Empire Tract for some years, but by 1946 the company was dissolved.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 1946-04-05 p3" /><!-- Fri -->
In a 1923 report on the hydrography of the San Joaquin River, the Empire Tract was measured as having {{cvt|3680|acres}} of land in total, with {{cvt|3361|acres}} irrigated.<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo" />{{rp|180}} Of these, there were still {{cvt|1973|acres}} of potatoes, but there were also {{cvt|865|acres}} devoted to growing fruit, {{cvt|481|acres}} to beans, and {{cvt|42|acres}} to hay.<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo" />{{rp|180}} That year, {{cvt|600|acres}} of the tract were farmed by a partnership between Philip Giriodi, D. Stagi, and G. Lazzarino.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13" /> The next year, Giriodi would file a lawsuit against the others for a dissolution of the partnership, claiming that they had refused to pay him his share of the profits.<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13" /> Two years later, the island was to be owned in its entirety by California Delta Farms, Incorporated.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> California Delta Farms would continue to own the Empire Tract for some years, but by 1946 the company was dissolved.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 1946-04-05 p3" /><!-- Fri -->


[[File:Hoover men Allan Herbert Sr Andrew 1950 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Herbert Hoover (right) with son Allan (left)]]
In the 1930s, United States president [[Herbert Hoover]] operated "extensive farming property" on the Empire Tract.<ref name="The Los Angeles Times 1954-08-04 p14" /><!-- Wed --> In 1936, the Hoover Ranch, supervised by his son [[Allan Hoover]], was the site of a "shooting affray"<ref name="The Napa Valley Register 1936-05-27 p9" /><!-- Wed --> in which two men were killed in a dispute over wages.<ref name="Napa Journal 1936-05-26 p1" /><!-- Tue --> By the 1950s, planting on the Empire Tract involved [[asparagus]]; a lawsuit involving {{cvt|813|acres}} of asparagus farmland was filed in 1955.<ref name="Tracy Press 1955-05-13 p15" /><!-- Fri -->
In the 1930s, United States president [[Herbert Hoover]] operated "extensive farming property" on the Empire Tract.<ref name="The Los Angeles Times 1954-08-04 p14" /><!-- Wed --> In 1936, the Hoover Ranch, supervised by his son [[Allan Hoover]], was the site of a "shooting affray"<ref name="The Napa Valley Register 1936-05-27 p9" /><!-- Wed --> in which two men were killed in a dispute over wages for beets.<ref name="Napa Journal 1936-05-26 p1" /><!-- Tue --> Between 1931 and 1938, much of the island was devoted to farming sugar beets.<ref name="thompson"/>{{rp|610}} By the 1950s, planting on the Empire Tract involved [[asparagus]]; a lawsuit involving {{cvt|813|acres}} of asparagus farmland was filed in 1955.<ref name="Tracy Press 1955-05-13 p15" /><!-- Fri -->

⚫
Prior to 1936, travel to and from the island was done by boat; in 1926, a ferry was being operated along the same path later taken by the bridge, at the expense of California Delta Farms Incorporated.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> At that time, the ferry went from easterly King Island (which was itself in the process of being connected to the mainland via a drawbridge); despite "adverse conditions surrounding the operation of the ferry", it was heavily trafficked, and gravel roads on the Empire Tract itself allowed transportation to and from the ferry slip. The construction of a bridge was recommended at the time by a report submitted to the San Joaquin County Board of Supervisors that year.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> Nearly ten years later, the bridge would be constructed, allowing vehicle access to the island.<ref name="eightmile" /> A proposal was made for the construction of a county-operated ferry at the same location, whose cost was estimated at $1500 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|1500|1926|r=0}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}) ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-11-09 p1" /><!-- Tue --> In 1928, a permit for construction of this ferry was approved by the [[War Department]].<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-18 p11" /><!-- Sat --> Contracts for building the ferry were awarded to Bundeson & Lauritzen, shipbuilders of [[Pittsburgh, California|Pittsburg]].<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-21 p6" /><!-- Tue --> In 1935, construction began on a bridge to replace the ferry;<ref name="Stockton Independent 1935-09-24 p1" /><!-- Tue --> work was completed the following year.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1936-09-01 p8" /><!-- Tue --> In 1954, the construction of another bridge (this one connecting the Empire Tract to the [[Lower Jones Tract]]) was proposed, but it was never built.<ref name="Oakland Tribune 1954-04-07 p55" /><!-- Wed --> As of 1999, regular ferry service operated between the Empire Tract and [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]].<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18" /><!-- Thu -->


In 1955, levee failures on the Empire Tract and nearby [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]] would cause both to flood; while 75 men were working on the islands at the time, 73 were successfully evacuated by the [[United States Army|Army]] with [[amphibious vehicle]]s, and two were picked up in helicopters.<ref name="The San Francisco Examiner 1955-12-28 p1" /><!-- Wed -->
In 1955, levee failures on the Empire Tract and nearby [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]] would cause both to flood; while 75 men were working on the islands at the time, 73 were successfully evacuated by the [[United States Army|Army]] with [[amphibious vehicle]]s, and two were picked up in helicopters.<ref name="The San Francisco Examiner 1955-12-28 p1" /><!-- Wed -->
Line 51: Line 54:
In the late 20th century, natural gas deposits were discovered underneath several Delta islands (such as the [[Union Island (California)|Union Island]] gas field and the [[Rio Vista gas field]]). The [[Union Oil Company of California]] drilled a {{cvt|9400|ft}} exploratory well on the Empire Tract<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /> in September 1964, but failed to find oil.<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /><!-- Wed --> The next year, the [[Signal Oil and Gas Company]] drilled another well.<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /> By 1973, the Union Oil Company was leasing land in the Empire Tract area to extract natural gas.<ref name="Tracy Press 1973-07-18 p21" />
In the late 20th century, natural gas deposits were discovered underneath several Delta islands (such as the [[Union Island (California)|Union Island]] gas field and the [[Rio Vista gas field]]). The [[Union Oil Company of California]] drilled a {{cvt|9400|ft}} exploratory well on the Empire Tract<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /> in September 1964, but failed to find oil.<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /><!-- Wed --> The next year, the [[Signal Oil and Gas Company]] drilled another well.<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24" /> By 1973, the Union Oil Company was leasing land in the Empire Tract area to extract natural gas.<ref name="Tracy Press 1973-07-18 p21" />


In 2008, the ''Modesto Bee'' published an analysis of the Delta area's [[subsidence]], which gave projections for elevations in the year 2100. The Empire Tract was expected to have the lowest elevation of any island or tract in the Delta, at around {{cvt|30|ft}} below sea level.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2008-12-14 pB5" /><!-- Sun --> In 2012, a water treatment plant was finished to divert water from the San Joaquin River for use in farming the Empire Tract; construction had begun in 1996.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2012-06-04 pB4" /><!-- Mon -->
In 2008, ''[[The Modesto Bee]]'' published an analysis of the Delta area's [[subsidence]], which gave projections for elevations in the year 2100. The Empire Tract was expected to have the lowest elevation of any island or tract in the Delta, at around {{cvt|30|ft}} below sea level.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2008-12-14 pB5" /><!-- Sun --> In 2012, a water treatment plant was finished to divert water from the San Joaquin River for use in farming the Empire Tract; construction had begun in 1996.<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2012-06-04 pB4" /><!-- Mon -->

=== Ferry and bridge ===
[[File:KJ Delta Aerials 2530 03 08 19 (cropped).JPG|thumb|The Eight Mile Road bridge, constructed in 1936 across the Honker Cut]]

⚫
Prior to 1936, travel to and from the island was done by boat; in 1926, a ferry was being operated along the same path later taken by the bridge, at the expense of California Delta Farms Incorporated.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> At that time, the ferry went from easterly King Island (which was itself in the process of being connected to the mainland via a drawbridge); despite "adverse conditions surrounding the operation of the ferry", it was heavily trafficked, and gravel roads on the Empire Tract itself allowed transportation to and from the ferry slip.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> The construction of a bridge was recommended at the time by a report submitted to the San Joaquin County Board of Supervisors that year.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5" /> A proposal was made for the construction of a county-operated ferry at the same location, whose cost was estimated at $1500 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|1500|1926|r=0}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}}).<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-11-09 p1" /><!-- Tue --> In 1928, a permit for construction of this ferry was approved by the [[United States Department of War|War Department]].<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-18 p11" /><!-- Sat --> Contracts for building the ferry were awarded to Bundeson & Lauritzen, shipbuilders of [[Pittsburgh, California|Pittsburg]].<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-21 p6" /><!-- Tue --> In 1935, construction began on a bridge to replace the ferry;<ref name="Stockton Independent 1935-09-24 p1" /><!-- Tue --> work was completed the following year, allowing vehicle access to the island outside of the ferry's operational hours.<ref name="Stockton Independent 1936-09-01 p8" /><!-- Tue --><ref name="eightmile" /> By 1952, USGS maps of the area show the bridge to King Island and the ferry to Venice Island.<ref name="quadterminous" /> In 1954, it was reported that the construction of another bridge, connecting an "Empire Tract" to a "Lower Jones Tract" was proposed (it is not clear which islands were being referred to, as the [[Lower Jones Tract]] is some {{cvt|5|mi}} south of the Empire Tract and [[McDonald Island (California)|McDonald Island]] is between them).<ref name="Oakland Tribune 1954-04-07 p55" /><!-- Wed --> As of 1999, regular ferry service operated between the Empire Tract and [[Venice Island (California)|Venice Island]].<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18" /><!-- Thu -->


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="thompson">{{Cite web
| url = http://snugharbor.net/images2011/maps/1957_thompson-dissertation.pdf
| title = The Settlement Geography of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
| first = John
| last = Thompson
| year = 1957
| publisher = Stanford University
| access-date = 16 June 2021
| archive-date = 24 June 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200517/http://snugharbor.net/images2011/maps/1957_thompson-dissertation.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Evening Mail 1913-01-11 p6">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Evening Mail 1913-01-11 p6">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86211736/bond-men-visit-phillips-companys/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86211736/bond-men-visit-phillips-companys/
| date = 1913-01-11
| date = 11 January 1913
| page = 6
| page = 6
| title = Bond Men Visit Phillips Company's Island Holdings
| title = Bond Men Visit Phillips Company's Island Holdings
Line 63: Line 83:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1913-02-25 p7">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86211835/king-bean-in-the-ascendency/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86211835/king-bean-in-the-ascendency/
| date = 1913-02-25
| date = 25 February 1913
| page = 7
| page = 7
| title = King Bean In The Ascendency
| title = King Bean In The Ascendency
Line 73: Line 93:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Daily Evening Record 1924-02-29 p13">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212428/giriodi-sues-for-an-accounting-of-farm/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212428/giriodi-sues-for-an-accounting-of-farm/
| date = 1924-02-29
| date = 29 February 1924
| page = 13
| page = 13
| title = Giriodi Sues For An Accounting Of Farm Partnership
| title = Giriodi Sues For An Accounting Of Farm Partnership
Line 83: Line 103:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-10-30 p5">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212175/delta-report-accepted-open-campaign-to/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212175/delta-report-accepted-open-campaign-to/
| date = 1926-10-30
| date = 30 October 1926
| page = 5
| page = 5
| title = Delta Report Accepted; Open Campaign To Support Roads, Ferries And Bridge
| title = Delta Report Accepted; Open Campaign To Support Roads, Ferries And Bridge
Line 93: Line 113:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Tracy Press 1973-07-18 p21">{{Cite news
<ref name="Tracy Press 1973-07-18 p21">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212090/union-oil-drills-fifth-producer/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86212090/union-oil-drills-fifth-producer/
| date = 1973-07-18
| date = 18 July 1973
| page = 21
| page = 21
| title = Union Oil drills fifth producer
| title = Union Oil drills fifth producer
Line 103: Line 123:
| location = Tracy, California
| location = Tracy, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="quadterminous">{{Cite map
<ref name="quadterminous">{{Cite map
Line 128: Line 148:
| publisher = E Mulberg & Associates
| publisher = E Mulberg & Associates
| date = 18 March 2018
| date = 18 March 2018
| access-date = 24 February 2021
| access-date = 24 February 2021
| quote =
| quote =
| archive-date = 14 March 2021
| archive-date = 14 March 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210314171930/https://www.sjgov.org/uploadedfiles/sjc/departments/lafco/msr-soi/final%20san%20joaquin%20reclamation%20%20districts%20msr%20w%20exhibits_v2reduced.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210314171930/https://www.sjgov.org/uploadedfiles/sjc/departments/lafco/msr-soi/final%20san%20joaquin%20reclamation%20%20districts%20msr%20w%20exhibits_v2reduced.pdf
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
Line 142: Line 162:
| publisher = San Joaquin County
| publisher = San Joaquin County
| date = 16 September 2020
| date = 16 September 2020
| access-date = 24 February 2021
| access-date = 24 February 2021
| quote =
| quote =
| archive-date = 24 November 2020
| archive-date = 24 November 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201124001947/http://www.sjmap.org/mapdocs/FrontCounter_Reclamation_Districts.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201124001947/http://www.sjmap.org/mapdocs/FrontCounter_Reclamation_Districts.pdf
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
Line 152: Line 172:
| title = Eight Mile Road Bridge Deck Rehabilitation at Honker Cut
| title = Eight Mile Road Bridge Deck Rehabilitation at Honker Cut
| author = San Joaquin County
| author = San Joaquin County
| date = 2020-06-23
| date = 23 June 2020
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 1946-04-05 p3">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 1946-04-05 p3">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114737/650000-is-paid-for-king-island/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114737/650000-is-paid-for-king-island/
| date = 1946-04-05
| date = 5 April 1946
| page = 3
| page = 3
| title = $650,000 Is Paid For King Island
| title = $650,000 Is Paid For King Island
Line 162: Line 182:
| location = Modesto, California
| location = Modesto, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo">{{Cite web
<ref name="twentythreeskiddoo">{{Cite web
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VdNAAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA181&dq=%22island%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk_vOSneHyAhUE6p4KHQZrAg0Q6AEwCnoECEAQAg#v=onepage&q=%22island%22&f=false
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VdNAAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22island%22&pg=RA3-PA181
| title = Hydrographic Investigation of San Joaquin River, May, 1923
| title = Hydrographic Investigation of San Joaquin River, May, 1923
| author = California Division of Water Rights
| author = California Division of Water Rights
Line 174: Line 194:
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-11-09 p1">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1926-11-09 p1">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89113790/other-suggestions/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89113790/other-suggestions/
| date = 1926-11-09
| date = 9 November 1926
| page = 1
| page = 1
| title = Other Suggestions
| title = Other Suggestions
Line 180: Line 200:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-18 p11">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-18 p11">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114060/notes-of-board-of-supervisors/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114060/notes-of-board-of-supervisors/
| date = 1928-02-18
| date = 18 February 1928
| page = 11
| page = 11
| title = Notes of Board of Supervisors
| title = Notes of Board of Supervisors
Line 190: Line 210:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-21 p6">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1928-02-21 p6">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114133/bay-builders-low-bidders-on-ferries/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114133/bay-builders-low-bidders-on-ferries/
| date = 1928-02-21
| date = 21 February 1928
| page = 6
| page = 6
| title = Bay Builders Low Bidders On Ferries
| title = Bay Builders Low Bidders On Ferries
Line 200: Line 220:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1935-09-24 p1">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1935-09-24 p1">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115220/funds-lacking/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115220/funds-lacking/
| date = 1935-09-24
| date = 24 September 1935
| page = 1
| page = 1
| title = Funds Lacking
| title = Funds Lacking
Line 210: Line 230:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1936-09-01 p8">{{Cite news
<ref name="Stockton Independent 1936-09-01 p8">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115006/honkey-cut-bridge-job-is-nearly-done/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115006/honkey-cut-bridge-job-is-nearly-done/
| date = 1936-09-01
| date = 1 September 1936
| page = 8
| page = 8
| title = Honkey Cut Bridge Job Is Nearly Done
| title = Honkey Cut Bridge Job Is Nearly Done
Line 220: Line 240:
| location = Stockton, California
| location = Stockton, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Oakland Tribune 1954-04-07 p55">{{Cite news
<ref name="Oakland Tribune 1954-04-07 p55">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114594/mike-dwyers-line-on-the-sportsman/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114594/mike-dwyers-line-on-the-sportsman/
| date = 1954-04-07
| date = 7 April 1954
| page = 55
| page = 55
| title = Mike Dwyer's Line on the Sportsman
| title = Mike Dwyer's Line on the Sportsman
Line 230: Line 250:
| location = Oakland, California
| location = Oakland, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1999-09-30 p18">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89116043/portraits-of-a-place-and-its-history/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89116043/portraits-of-a-place-and-its-history/
| date = 1999-09-30
| date = 30 September 1999
| page = 18
| page = 18
| title = Portraits of a place -- and its history
| title = Portraits of a place – and its history
| newspaper = The Sacramento Bee
| newspaper = The Sacramento Bee
| location = Sacramento, California
| location = Sacramento, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Los Angeles Times 1954-08-04 p14">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Los Angeles Times 1954-08-04 p14">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114499/hoover-dedicates-new-school-named-for-hi/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114499/hoover-dedicates-new-school-named-for-hi/
| date = 1954-08-04
| date = 4 August 1954
| page = 14
| page = 14
| title = Hoover Dedicates New School Named for Him
| title = Hoover Dedicates New School Named for Him
Line 250: Line 270:
| location = Los Angeles, California
| location = Los Angeles, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Napa Valley Register 1936-05-27 p9">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Napa Valley Register 1936-05-27 p9">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115058/workmen-slain-on-hoover-ranch/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115058/workmen-slain-on-hoover-ranch/
| date = 1936-05-27
| date = 27 May 1936
| page = 9
| page = 9
| title = Workmen Slain on Hoover Ranch
| title = Workmen Slain on Hoover Ranch
Line 260: Line 280:
| location = Napa, California
| location = Napa, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Napa Journal 1936-05-26 p1">{{Cite news
<ref name="Napa Journal 1936-05-26 p1">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115140/two-killed-in-wage-dispute/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115140/two-killed-in-wage-dispute/
| date = 1936-05-26
| date = 26 May 1936
| page = 1
| page = 1
| title = Two Killed in Wage Dispute
| title = Two Killed in Wage Dispute
Line 270: Line 290:
| location = Napa, California
| location = Napa, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="Tracy Press 1955-05-13 p15">{{Cite news
<ref name="Tracy Press 1955-05-13 p15">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114383/court-deciding-asparagus-land-ownership/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89114383/court-deciding-asparagus-land-ownership/
| date = 1955-05-13
| date = 13 May 1955
| page = 15
| page = 15
| title = Court Deciding Asparagus Land Ownership Suit
| title = Court Deciding Asparagus Land Ownership Suit
Line 280: Line 300:
| location = Tracy, California
| location = Tracy, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The San Francisco Examiner 1955-12-28 p1">{{Cite news
<ref name="The San Francisco Examiner 1955-12-28 p1">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89113870/army-repairs-bridges-levees/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89113870/army-repairs-bridges-levees/
| date = 1955-12-28
| date = 28 December 1955
| page = 1
| page = 1
| title = Army Repairs Bridges, Levees
| title = Army Repairs Bridges, Levees
Line 290: Line 310:
| location = San Francisco, California
| location = San Francisco, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Sacramento Bee 1965-06-23 p24">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115382/2-san-joaquin-trial-wells-are-scheduled/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115382/2-san-joaquin-trial-wells-are-scheduled/
| date = 1965-06-23
| date = 23 June 1965
| page = 24
| page = 24
| title = 2 San Joaquin Trial Wells Are Scheduled
| title = 2 San Joaquin Trial Wells Are Scheduled
Line 300: Line 320:
| location = Sacramento, California
| location = Sacramento, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2008-12-14 pB5">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2008-12-14 pB5">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115731/projected-island-elevations-in-2100/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115731/projected-island-elevations-in-2100/
| date = 2008-12-14
| date = 14 December 2008
| page = B5
| page = B5
| title = Sinking land
| title = Sinking land
Line 310: Line 330:
| location = Modesto, California
| location = Modesto, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2012-06-04 pB4">{{Cite news
<ref name="The Modesto Bee 2012-06-04 pB4">{{Cite news
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115886/delta-project-began-in-1996/
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89115886/delta-project-began-in-1996/
| date = 2012-06-04
| date = 4 June 2012
| page = B4
| page = B4
| title = Delta project began in 1996
| title = Delta project began in 1996
Line 320: Line 340:
| location = Modesto, California
| location = Modesto, California
| via = Newspapers.com
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2021-11-17
| access-date = 17 November 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref name="boatmap">{{Cite web
<ref name="boatmap">{{Cite web
Line 335: Line 355:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
}}
}}

{{Islands of Suisun Bay and the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta}}
{{Islands of Suisun Bay and the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta}}
{{San Francisco Bay watershed}}
{{San Francisco Bay watershed}}
{{Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta}}
{{Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta}}


⚫
[[Category:Islands of Northern California]]
[[Category:Islands of San Joaquin County, California]]
[[Category:Islands of San Joaquin County, California]]
[[Category:Islands of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]]
[[Category:Islands of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]]
⚫
[[Category:Islands of Northern California]]
{{SanJoaquinCountyCA-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:56, 19 February 2022

Empire Tract
Aerial image of an island.
USGS aerial imagery of the Empire Tract
Empire Tract is located in Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta
Empire Tract
Empire Tract
Empire Tract is located in California
Empire Tract
Empire Tract
Empire Tract is located in the United States
Empire Tract
Empire Tract
Geography
LocationNorthern California
Coordinates38°03′55″N 121°28′48″W / 38.06528°N 121.48000°W / 38.06528; -121.48000 (Empire Tract)[1]
Adjacent toSacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Highest elevation−10 ft (-3 m)[1]
Administration
United States
State California
CountySan Joaquin

The Empire Tract is an island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta[2] in San Joaquin County, California, United States. It has been used for agriculture since the 1800s; in the early 20th century it was used to plant potatoes, and United States president Herbert Hoover operated a beet farm there. In the 1960s, natural gas deposits were discovered beneath the island. In 1936, it was connected to the mainland by the Eight Mile Road Bridge, across King Island. As with many islands in the Delta, the Empire Tract has experienced considerable subsidence, and is well below sea level.

Geography[edit]

It is part of San Joaquin County, California, and managed by Reclamation District 2029.[3][4] Its coordinates are 38°03′55″N 121°28′48″W / 38.06528°N 121.48000°W / 38.06528; -121.48000 (Empire Tract)[1], and the United States Geological Survey measured its elevation as −10 ft (−3.0 m) in 1981.[1] To the north is Terminous Tract (across White Slough), and to the northwest is Bouldin Island (across Little Potato Slough).[5] To its west is Venice Island (across Little Connection Slough).[5] To its southwest are Little Venice, Ward, Tinsley, and Fern Islands (across the Ward Cut, part of the Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel).[5] To its southeast is the Rindge Tract, separated by Connection Slough,[5] and to its east is King Island, separated by the approximately 400 ft (120 m) Honker Cut.[6] The only road access to Empire Tract is the Eight Mile Road Bridge (29C-219), a two-lane bridge built in 1936, connecting to it from King Island.[7] Ferry service runs between Empire Tract and Venice Island.[8][9]

A 2019 aerial photo of White Slough taken looking south from the Terminous Tract; King Island is on the left and the Empire Tract is on the right.

History[edit]

In December 1912, Lee A. Philips, a capitalist of Stockton and Los Angeles, purchased several islands in the California Delta, including the Empire Tract,[10] which began to be planted in that year by the Empire Navigation Company.[11] In 1912, 1,500 acres (610 ha) of barley had been planted on the Empire Tract.[11] By 1913, the company planned to plant the tract with 3,310 acres (1,340 ha) of potatoes and only 400 acres (160 ha) of barley.[11]

In a 1923 report on the hydrography of the San Joaquin River, the Empire Tract was measured as having 3,680 acres (1,490 ha) of land in total, with 3,361 acres (1,360 ha) irrigated.[12]: 180  Of these, there were still 1,973 acres (798 ha) of potatoes, but there were also 865 acres (350 ha) devoted to growing fruit, 481 acres (195 ha) to beans, and 42 acres (17 ha) to hay.[12]: 180  That year, 600 acres (240 ha) of the tract were farmed by a partnership between Philip Giriodi, D. Stagi, and G. Lazzarino.[13] The next year, Giriodi would file a lawsuit against the others for a dissolution of the partnership, claiming that they had refused to pay him his share of the profits.[13] Two years later, the island was to be owned in its entirety by California Delta Farms, Incorporated.[6] California Delta Farms would continue to own the Empire Tract for some years, but by 1946 the company was dissolved.[14]

Herbert Hoover (right) with son Allan (left)

In the 1930s, United States president Herbert Hoover operated "extensive farming property" on the Empire Tract.[15] In 1936, the Hoover Ranch, supervised by his son Allan Hoover, was the site of a "shooting affray"[16] in which two men were killed in a dispute over wages for beets.[17] Between 1931 and 1938, much of the island was devoted to farming sugar beets.[18]: 610  By the 1950s, planting on the Empire Tract involved asparagus; a lawsuit involving 813 acres (329 ha) of asparagus farmland was filed in 1955.[19]

In 1955, levee failures on the Empire Tract and nearby Venice Island would cause both to flood; while 75 men were working on the islands at the time, 73 were successfully evacuated by the Army with amphibious vehicles, and two were picked up in helicopters.[20]

In the late 20th century, natural gas deposits were discovered underneath several Delta islands (such as the Union Island gas field and the Rio Vista gas field). The Union Oil Company of California drilled a 9,400 ft (2,900 m) exploratory well on the Empire Tract[21] in September 1964, but failed to find oil.[21] The next year, the Signal Oil and Gas Company drilled another well.[21] By 1973, the Union Oil Company was leasing land in the Empire Tract area to extract natural gas.[22]

In 2008, The Modesto Bee published an analysis of the Delta area's subsidence, which gave projections for elevations in the year 2100. The Empire Tract was expected to have the lowest elevation of any island or tract in the Delta, at around 30 ft (9.1 m) below sea level.[23] In 2012, a water treatment plant was finished to divert water from the San Joaquin River for use in farming the Empire Tract; construction had begun in 1996.[24]

Ferry and bridge[edit]

The Eight Mile Road bridge, constructed in 1936 across the Honker Cut

Prior to 1936, travel to and from the island was done by boat; in 1926, a ferry was being operated along the same path later taken by the bridge, at the expense of California Delta Farms Incorporated.[6] At that time, the ferry went from easterly King Island (which was itself in the process of being connected to the mainland via a drawbridge); despite "adverse conditions surrounding the operation of the ferry", it was heavily trafficked, and gravel roads on the Empire Tract itself allowed transportation to and from the ferry slip.[6] The construction of a bridge was recommended at the time by a report submitted to the San Joaquin County Board of Supervisors that year.[6] A proposal was made for the construction of a county-operated ferry at the same location, whose cost was estimated at $1500 ($25,816 in 2023).[25] In 1928, a permit for construction of this ferry was approved by the War Department.[26] Contracts for building the ferry were awarded to Bundeson & Lauritzen, shipbuilders of Pittsburg.[27] In 1935, construction began on a bridge to replace the ferry;[28] work was completed the following year, allowing vehicle access to the island outside of the ferry's operational hours.[29][7] By 1952, USGS maps of the area show the bridge to King Island and the ferry to Venice Island.[5] In 1954, it was reported that the construction of another bridge, connecting an "Empire Tract" to a "Lower Jones Tract" was proposed (it is not clear which islands were being referred to, as the Lower Jones Tract is some 5 mi (8.0 km) south of the Empire Tract and McDonald Island is between them).[30] As of 1999, regular ferry service operated between the Empire Tract and Venice Island.[9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Empire Tract
  2. ^ California State Automobile Association (2007). Coast and Valley: Bay Area to Southern California (Map). 1:560,000. American Automobile Association.
  3. ^ "Municipal Service Review: Selected San Joaquin County Reclamation Districts" (PDF). San Joaquin Local Agency Formation Commission. E Mulberg & Associates. 18 March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Reclamation Districts Map" (PDF). San Joaquin County Geographic Information Systems. San Joaquin County. 16 September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e United States Geological Survey (1952). "Terminous Quadrangle, California" (Map). United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey. 1:24000.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Delta Report Accepted; Open Campaign To Support Roads, Ferries And Bridge". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 30 October 1926. p. 5. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b San Joaquin County (23 June 2020). "Eight Mile Road Bridge Deck Rehabilitation at Honker Cut".
  8. ^ Matuk, Vivian; Macmillan, Doug; Parry, Christianne (2012). "Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Recreational Boating Map" (PDF). Contra Costa County Watershed Program.
  9. ^ a b "Portraits of a place – and its history". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. 30 September 1999. p. 18. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Bond Men Visit Phillips Company's Island Holdings". The Evening Mail. Stockton, California. 11 January 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b c "King Bean In The Ascendency". Stockton Daily Evening Record. Stockton, California. 25 February 1913. p. 7. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ a b California Division of Water Rights (May 1923). "Hydrographic Investigation of San Joaquin River, May, 1923". California State Printing Office, F.J. Smith, Superintendent – via Google Books.
  13. ^ a b "Giriodi Sues For An Accounting Of Farm Partnership". Stockton Daily Evening Record. Stockton, California. 29 February 1924. p. 13. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "$650,000 Is Paid For King Island". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. 5 April 1946. p. 3. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Hoover Dedicates New School Named for Him". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. 4 August 1954. p. 14. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "Workmen Slain on Hoover Ranch". The Napa Valley Register. Napa, California. 27 May 1936. p. 9. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Two Killed in Wage Dispute". Napa Journal. Napa, California. 26 May 1936. p. 1. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ Thompson, John (1957). "The Settlement Geography of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California" (PDF). Stanford University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Court Deciding Asparagus Land Ownership Suit". Tracy Press. Tracy, California. 13 May 1955. p. 15. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "Army Repairs Bridges, Levees". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. 28 December 1955. p. 1. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ a b c "2 San Joaquin Trial Wells Are Scheduled". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. 23 June 1965. p. 24. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Union Oil drills fifth producer". Tracy Press. Tracy, California. 18 July 1973. p. 21. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Sinking land". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. 14 December 2008. p. B5. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "Delta project began in 1996". The Modesto Bee. Modesto, California. 4 June 2012. p. B4. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "Other Suggestions". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 9 November 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Notes of Board of Supervisors". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 18 February 1928. p. 11. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ "Bay Builders Low Bidders On Ferries". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 21 February 1928. p. 6. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "Funds Lacking". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 24 September 1935. p. 1. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ "Honkey Cut Bridge Job Is Nearly Done". Stockton Independent. Stockton, California. 1 September 1936. p. 8. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ "Mike Dwyer's Line on the Sportsman". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. 7 April 1954. p. 55. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empire_Tract&oldid=1072886314"