www.fgks.org   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Jump to content

Draft:Vincenzo B. Pezzi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary
Declining submission: v - Submission is improperly sourced (AFCH)
(12 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{AFC submission|d|v|u=WilhelmHeckel|ns=118|decliner=LJF2019|declinets=20240405031408|ts=20240316024647}} <!-- Do not remove this line! -->
{{AFC submission|d|reason|Article doesn't currently read like a wikipedia article, and needs both formatting (headings) and work to make the reference list readable. I'm also not sure that the references are enough to demonstrate notability, but that's more borderline.|u=WilhelmHeckel|ns=118|decliner=Turnagra|declinets=20231127175745|small=yes|ts=20231127045916}} <!-- Do not remove this line! -->

{{Short description|Historic bassoonist}}
{{Short description|Historic bassoonist}}
{{Draft topics|biography|music|north-america}}
{{Draft topics|biography|music|north-america}}
{{AfC topic|soc}}
{{AfC topic|soc}}
{{AfC submission|||ts=20231127045916|u=WilhelmHeckel|ns=118}}
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20231126231408|u=WilhelmHeckel|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->


{{Infobox musical artist
Vincenzo “Vincent” B. Pezzi (November 4th 1887- July 15th 1966) was an Italian-American
| name = Vincenzo "Vincent" Pezzi
bassoonist and professor at the [[Eastman School of Music]]. During his career, Pezzi held positions
| image = Young Pezzi.jpg
with the Banda Bianca and Banda Rossa of San Severo, the [[Minnesota Orchestra]], the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra|Detroit Symphony]], and the [[Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra|Rochester Philharmonic]]. Pezzi was a teacher at the [[National Music Camp]]
| image_size =
(now [[Interlochen Arts Camp]]) and the first professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of music.[[File:Young Pezzi.jpg|thumb|Pezzi in 1910]]
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt =
| caption = Vincent Pezzi in 1910
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1887|11|04}}
| birth_place = [[San Severo]], [[Italy]]
| origin =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1966|07|15|1887|11|04}}
| death_place = [[Washington, DC|Washington]], [[DC]]
| genre = [[Orchestra]]l
| occupation = [[Bassoonist]], teacher
| instrument = [[Bassoon]]
| years_active = 1905-1966
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]], [[Rochester Philharmonic]], [[Minnesota Orchestra]], [[Interlochen Arts Camp]]
}}

'''Vincenzo “Vincent” B. Pezzi''' (November 4th 1887- July 15th 1966) was an Italian-American bassoonist and professor at the [[Eastman School of Music]]. During his career, Pezzi held positions with the Banda Bianca and Banda Rossa of San Severo, the [[Minnesota Orchestra]], the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra|Detroit Symphony]], and the [[Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra|Rochester Philharmonic]]. Pezzi was a teacher at the [[National Music Camp]] (now [[Interlochen Arts Camp]]) and the inaugural professor of bassoon at the [[Eastman School of Music|Eastman School of Music]].

==Biography==


===Early Life===
Pezzi was born in 1887, in [[San Severo]], [[Italy]] and
Pezzi was born in 1887, in [[San Severo]], [[Italy]] and
was the oldest of four children. When he was in
was the oldest of four children. When he was in
his late teens, Pezzi was sponsored by his uncle,
his late teens, Pezzi was sponsored by his uncle,
Enrico Pezzi, to study bassoon. Pezzi began his
Enrico Pezzi, to study bassoon. Pezzi began his
studies with Arduino Pucciarell at the [[Milan Conservatory|Giuseppe Verdi School of Music]] in San Severo<ref>1</ref>. Once proficient at
studies with Arduino Pucciarell at the [[Milan Conservatory|Giuseppe Verdi School of Music]] in San Severo.<ref>1</ref>. Once proficient at
the bassoon, Pezzi joined the Banda Bianca of San
the bassoon, Pezzi joined the Banda Bianca of San
Severo. Pezzi would tour Italy and the United
Severo. Pezzi would tour Italy and the United
Line 23: Line 49:
the United States in 1908.
the United States in 1908.


=== Immigration to America ===
While on tour in 1908, Pezzi won the position of
While on tour in 1908, Pezzi won the position of
second bassoon with the Minneapolis Symphony
second bassoon with the Minneapolis Symphony
Orchestra (now the Minnesota Orchestra) under
Orchestra (now the Minnesota Orchestra) under
maestro [[Emil Oberhoffer]]<ref>2</ref>. Shortly after obtaining U.S. Citizenship in 1916, Pezzi was [[Selective Service Act of 1917|drafted]] into [[World War I]]. Pezzi served in the Navy band at the Great Lakes Naval station alongside fellow Bassoonist, Walter Geutter.
maestro [[Emil Oberhoffer]]<ref>2</ref>. Shortly after obtaining U.S. Citizenship in 1916, Pezzi was [[Selective Service Act of 1917|drafted]] into [[World War I]]. Pezzi served in the Navy band at the Great Lakes Naval station alongside fellow Bassoonist, Walter Geutter.
[[File:Pezzi Navy Band.jpg|thumb|Pezzi and Geutter]]
[[File:Pezzi Navy Band.jpg|thumb|Pezzi and Geutter]]


As a part of their Military duties, Pezzi and Guetter served on the [[SS George Washington|USS George Washington]] when it took U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] to Europe at the conclusion of WWI. With his military service over in 1918, Pezzi
As a part of their Military duties, Pezzi and Guetter served on the [[SS George Washington|USS George Washington]] when it took U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] to Europe at the conclusion of WWI. With his military service over in 1918, Pezzi
Line 45: Line 72:
time was tied to the position of professor of
time was tied to the position of professor of
bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. Pezzi participated in numerous tours and recordings
bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. Pezzi participated in numerous tours and recordings
during his time in Rochester, including playing under the baton of [[Leonard Bernstein]] and [[Igor Stravinsky|Igor Stravinsky]]<ref>4</ref>.
during his time in Rochester, including playing under the baton of [[Leonard Bernstein]] and [[Igor Stravinsky|Igor Stravinsky]]<ref>4</ref>


===Influence===
Pezzi is widely known for his illustrious teaching career. He first began teaching privately during

his time in the Minneapolis Symphony, and is most often associated with his tenure as professor
Pezzi is widely known for his illustrious teaching career. He first began teaching privately during his time in the Minneapolis Symphony, and is most often associated with his tenure as professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. He began teaching in the 1932 academic year in Eastman School of Music in concurrence with his appointment to the Rochester Philharmonic. As a dedicated educator, Pezzi was notable for his “interest in the individuality of each student and his devotion to tone quality and expressive, vocal playing.”<ref>5</ref> Drawing upon his European education and the influence of American contemporaries such as Walter Geutter and [[Marcel Tabuteau|Marcel Tabuteau]]<ref>6</ref>, Pezzi cultivated a widely successful bassoon studio, training a number of the prominent bassoonists of the 20th century.[[File:Pezzi Contra.jpg|thumb|Pezzi in his studio at the Eastman School of Music]] Pezzi retired from the Rochester Philharmonic and Eastman in 1954 and was succeeded by his student, K. David van Hoesen. During the 1930s, Pezzi served as a private instructor at the National Music Camp (now Interlochen Arts Camp) alongside [[Howard Hanson]] and other Eastman School of Music faculty members<ref>7</ref>. Pezzi recruited a number of the young musicians he trained at Interlochen to study bassoon at Eastman.
of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. He began teaching in the 1932 academic year in Eastman School of Music in

concurrence with his appointment to the Rochester Philharmonic. As a dedicated educator, Pezzi
=== Bassoon Reed Making ===
was notable for his “interest in the individuality of
each student and his devotion to tone quality and
expressive, vocal playing.”<ref>5</ref> Drawing upon his
European education and the influence of American
contemporaries such as Walter Geutter and [[Marcel Tabuteau|Marcel Tabuteau]]<ref>6</ref>, Pezzi cultivated a widely
successful bassoon studio, training a
number of the prominent bassoonists of the 20th
century.[[File:Pezzi Contra.jpg|thumb|Pezzi in his studio at the Eastman School of Music]] Pezzi retired from the Rochester
Philharmonic and Eastman in 1954 and was
succeeded by his student, K. David van Hoesen.
During the 1930s, Pezzi served as a private
instructor at the National Music Camp (now
Interlochen Arts Camp) alongside [[Howard Hanson]]
and other Eastman School of Music faculty members<ref>7</ref>. Pezzi
recruited a number of the young musicians he
trained at Interlochen to study bassoon at Eastman.


Pezzi was profoundly interested in the construction and improvement of bassoon [[Arundo donax|reeds]]. While in
Pezzi was profoundly interested in the construction and improvement of bassoon [[Arundo donax|reeds]]. While in
Line 76: Line 88:
scrape the reed in attempt to imitate the sound and control of dynamics that they were accustomed to hearing from Pezzi<ref>8</ref>.[[File:Pezzi Train.jpg|thumb|Vincent Pezzi in 1949]]
scrape the reed in attempt to imitate the sound and control of dynamics that they were accustomed to hearing from Pezzi<ref>8</ref>.[[File:Pezzi Train.jpg|thumb|Vincent Pezzi in 1949]]


These “Barrington blanks” were used by Pezzi and students at Eastman
These “Barrington blanks” were used by Pezzi and students at Eastman as late as 1956. Students at Eastman would
begin with these blanks and then finish the reed by emulating Pezzi’s sound and style of scrape. Pezzi would assist his students with reeds he found unsatisfactory. Pezzi maintained a collection of the reeds of his students and other
as late as 1956. Students at Eastman would
begin with these blanks and then finish the reed by emulating Pezzi’s sound and style of scrape. Pezzi would assist his students with reeds he found unsatisfactory. Pezzi maintained a collection of
the reeds of his students and other
professionals until his death<ref>8</ref>. The collection
professionals until his death<ref>8</ref>. The collection
is currently maintained by George
is currently maintained by George Sakakeeny, current professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music.
Sakakeeny, current professor of bassoon at the Eastman
School of Music.


=== Switch from French to German Bassoon ===
During his early years, Pezzi learned both [[Buffet Crampon|French]] and [[Bassoon|Heckel (German)]] bassoon<ref>8</ref>. At the time,
During his early years, Pezzi learned both [[Buffet Crampon|French]] and [[Bassoon|Heckel (German)]] bassoon<ref>8</ref>. At the time,
the French bassoon was the predominant
the French bassoon was the predominant
Line 95: Line 104:
originally a “world system” bassoon, which
originally a “world system” bassoon, which
sounds identical to a Heckel bassoon, but
sounds identical to a Heckel bassoon, but
with the left hand keywork of a French bassoon<ref>10</ref>. The instrument additionally contained a “french” whisper key for the left hand pinky, and a single C/D vent key. The instrument is still played professionally today in New York City, and has since been converted to a German system bassoon. It has been serviced by Hans Moennig, Shane Weiler, and Frank Marcus.
with the left hand keywork of a French bassoon<ref>10</ref>. The
instrument additionally contained a “french” whisper
key for the left hand pinky, and a single C/D vent key.
The instrument is still played professionally today in
New York City, and has since been converted to a
German system bassoon. It has been serviced by Hans
Moennig, Shane Weiler, and Frank Marcus.


=== Later Life ===
Pezzi retired from Eastman in 1954 and remained
Pezzi retired from the Eastman School of Music in 1954 and remained active as a musician, attending concerts and teaching private lessons. He passed away in Washington DC on July 14th, 1966, and is buried at [[Arlington National Cemetery|Arlington National Cemetery]]<ref>11</ref>.[[File:Vincent B Pezzi Grave.jpg|thumb|Pezzi's tombstone in Arlington National Cemetary]]
active as a musician, attending concerts and teaching
private lessons. He passed away in Washington DC on
July 14th, 1966, and is buried at [[Arlington National Cemetery|Arlington National Cemetery]]<ref>11</ref>.[[File:Vincent B Pezzi Grave.jpg|thumb|Pezzi's tombstone in Arlington National Cemetary]]


==List of Vincent Pezzi’s Most Notable Students:==


* George Goslee, principal bassoon, Cleveland Orchestra
List of Vincent Pezzi’s Most Esteemed Students:


–George Goslee, principal, Cleveland Orchestra
* Willard Elliot, principal bassoon, Chicago Symphony


–Willard Elliot, principal, Chicago Symphony
* Kenneth Pasmanick, principal bassoon, National Symphony (USA)
Kenneth Pasmanick, principal, National Symphony


–Loren Glickman, New York Pedagogue, Chamber Society of Lincoln Center
*Loren Glickman, New York City bassoon pedagogue, Chamber Society of Lincoln Center


–Walter Green, principal, San Francisco Symphony
* Walter Green, principal bassoon, San Francisco Symphony


–K. David Van Hoesen, principal, Rochester Philharmonic and Professor at the Eastman School of Music
* K. David Van Hoesen, principal bassoon, Rochester Philharmonic and Professor at the Eastman School of Music


–Norman Herzberg, LA Freelancer and Professor at the University of Southern California
* Norman Herzberg, LA Freelancer and Professor at the University of Southern California


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist |colwidth = 23em }}
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->

{{reflist}}
=== Sources===
<ref>1</ref>

Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman
* Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
School of Music.


* Harrington E. Crissy Jr., “Sol Schoenbach- the last conversations?,” The Double Reed volume 24, No.1 (2001): 34. https://www.idrs.org/publications/78-the-double-reed-2001-24-1/#page=34
<ref>2</ref>
Harrington E. Crissy Jr., “Sol Schoenbach- the last conversations?,” The Double Reed volume 24, No.1 (2001): 34.
https://www.idrs.org/publications/78-the-double-reed-2001-24-1/#page=34


* Orchestra Mission & History.” Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 27 Aug. 2019,Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music. https://www.dso.org/about-the-dso/our-history/.
<ref>3</ref>
Orchestra Mission & History.” Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 27 Aug. 2019,Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman
School of Music.
https://www.dso.org/about-the-dso/our-history/.


* Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1945-1946. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1946. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
<ref>4</ref>
Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1945-1946. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1946. Print. Archives, Eastman
School of Music.


* Unknown. “An Homage to Vincent Pezzi (1887-1966).” To the World's Bassoonists, vol. 1, no. 1, July 1969, pp. 2–2.
<ref>5</ref>
Unknown. “An Homage to Vincent Pezzi (1887-1966).” To the World's Bassoonists, vol. 1, no. 1, July 1969, pp.
2–2.


* Sakakeeny, George. “K. David Van Hoesen (1926-2016): A Tribute.” The Double Reed, vol. 40, no. 2, 2017 https://doi.org/https://www.idrs.org/publications/the-double-reed-40-2/#page=49.
<ref>6</ref>
Sakakeeny, George. “K. David Van Hoesen (1926-2016): A Tribute.” The Double Reed, vol. 40, no. 2, 2017, pp.
49–49., https://doi.org/https://www.idrs.org/publications/the-double-reed-40-2/#page=49.


* Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
<ref>7</ref>
Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives,
Eastman School of Music.


* Stees, Barrick. “A Conversation With K. David Van Hoesen.” The Double Reed, vol. 40, no. 2, 2017, pp. 58–59., https://doi.org/https://www.idrs.org/publications/the-double-reed-40-2/#page=60.
<ref>8</ref>
Stees, Barrick. “A Conversation With K. David Van Hoesen.” The Double Reed, vol. 40, no. 2, 2017, pp. 58–59.,
https://doi.org/https://www.idrs.org/publications/the-double-reed-40-2/#page=60.


* Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 7, "A Tale of Two Systems" pp. 149-178.
<ref>9</ref>
Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 7, "A Tale of Two Systems" pp. 149-178.


* Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 6, "The Scientific Bassoon" pp. 121-124.
<ref>10</ref>
Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 6, "The Scientific Bassoon" pp. 121-124.


* Army Cemeteries Explorer, https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/index.html#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgVQZXp6aRIHVmluY2VudA--/
<ref>11</ref>
Army Cemeteries Explorer,
https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/index.html#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgVQZXp6aRIHVmluY2V
udA--/

Revision as of 03:14, 5 April 2024

Vincenzo "Vincent" Pezzi
Vincent Pezzi in 1910
Background information
Born(1887-11-04)November 4, 1887
San Severo, Italy
DiedJuly 15, 1966(1966-07-15) (aged 78)
Washington, DC
GenresOrchestral
Occupation(s)Bassoonist, teacher
Instrument(s)Bassoon
Years active1905-1966

Vincenzo “Vincent” B. Pezzi (November 4th 1887- July 15th 1966) was an Italian-American bassoonist and professor at the Eastman School of Music. During his career, Pezzi held positions with the Banda Bianca and Banda Rossa of San Severo, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Rochester Philharmonic. Pezzi was a teacher at the National Music Camp (now Interlochen Arts Camp) and the inaugural professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music.

Biography

Early Life

Pezzi was born in 1887, in San Severo, Italy and was the oldest of four children. When he was in his late teens, Pezzi was sponsored by his uncle, Enrico Pezzi, to study bassoon. Pezzi began his studies with Arduino Pucciarell at the Giuseppe Verdi School of Music in San Severo.[1]. Once proficient at the bassoon, Pezzi joined the Banda Bianca of San Severo. Pezzi would tour Italy and the United States with both the Banda Bianca and the Banda Rossa of San Severo. During this time, Pezzi also continued his studies with Eduardo Buccini at the Royal conservatory at Naples, before emigrating to the United States in 1908.

Immigration to America

While on tour in 1908, Pezzi won the position of second bassoon with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (now the Minnesota Orchestra) under maestro Emil Oberhoffer[2]. Shortly after obtaining U.S. Citizenship in 1916, Pezzi was drafted into World War I. Pezzi served in the Navy band at the Great Lakes Naval station alongside fellow Bassoonist, Walter Geutter.

Pezzi and Geutter

As a part of their Military duties, Pezzi and Guetter served on the USS George Washington when it took U.S. President Woodrow Wilson to Europe at the conclusion of WWI. With his military service over in 1918, Pezzi began looking for work in a professional orchestra. In 1919, he was hired to play second bassoon in the newly re-formed Detroit Symphony Orchestra under music director Ossip Gabrilovich. Pezzi served in this capacity as second bassoon throughout the 1920’s. In 1922 he participated in the first ever radio broadcast of a Symphony Orchestra with Gabrilovich conducting, and Artur Schanbel at the piano[3]. Due to the financial impact on the Detroit Symphony during the Great Depression, Pezzi and many other Detroit Symphony musicians lost employment in 1929. After the loss of work in Detroit, Pezzi was recruited to join the Rochester Philharmonic by flutist, and former colleague, Leonardo DeLorenzo. In 1932, he became principal bassoon of the Rochester Philharmonic which at the time was tied to the position of professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. Pezzi participated in numerous tours and recordings during his time in Rochester, including playing under the baton of Leonard Bernstein and Igor Stravinsky[4]

Influence

Pezzi is widely known for his illustrious teaching career. He first began teaching privately during his time in the Minneapolis Symphony, and is most often associated with his tenure as professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music. He began teaching in the 1932 academic year in Eastman School of Music in concurrence with his appointment to the Rochester Philharmonic. As a dedicated educator, Pezzi was notable for his “interest in the individuality of each student and his devotion to tone quality and expressive, vocal playing.”[5] Drawing upon his European education and the influence of American contemporaries such as Walter Geutter and Marcel Tabuteau[6], Pezzi cultivated a widely successful bassoon studio, training a number of the prominent bassoonists of the 20th century.

Pezzi in his studio at the Eastman School of Music

Pezzi retired from the Rochester Philharmonic and Eastman in 1954 and was succeeded by his student, K. David van Hoesen. During the 1930s, Pezzi served as a private instructor at the National Music Camp (now Interlochen Arts Camp) alongside Howard Hanson and other Eastman School of Music faculty members[7]. Pezzi recruited a number of the young musicians he trained at Interlochen to study bassoon at Eastman.

Bassoon Reed Making

Pezzi was profoundly interested in the construction and improvement of bassoon reeds. While in Detroit, Pezzi worked with his student Clarence Barrington, a machinist, to create new tools for the efficient and consistent production of bassoon reeds. These included: an electric (automated) shaper, electric profiler, as well as specialty pliers and mandrels. This was the first recorded instance of the production of automated tools for bassoon reed making. The reeds produced by this machinery were heavy, with just the bark removed from the blade. Students would then

scrape the reed in attempt to imitate the sound and control of dynamics that they were accustomed to hearing from Pezzi[8].

Vincent Pezzi in 1949

These “Barrington blanks” were used by Pezzi and students at Eastman as late as 1956. Students at Eastman would begin with these blanks and then finish the reed by emulating Pezzi’s sound and style of scrape. Pezzi would assist his students with reeds he found unsatisfactory. Pezzi maintained a collection of the reeds of his students and other professionals until his death[9]. The collection is currently maintained by George Sakakeeny, current professor of bassoon at the Eastman School of Music.

Switch from French to German Bassoon

During his early years, Pezzi learned both French and Heckel (German) bassoon[10]. At the time, the French bassoon was the predominant instrument being used in professional orchestras throughout Italy, France, and the United States[11]. As the German system gained popularity in the US, Pezzi made the switch and purchased a Heckel bassoon. Pezzi played on Heckel #8331. This was originally a “world system” bassoon, which sounds identical to a Heckel bassoon, but with the left hand keywork of a French bassoon[12]. The instrument additionally contained a “french” whisper key for the left hand pinky, and a single C/D vent key. The instrument is still played professionally today in New York City, and has since been converted to a German system bassoon. It has been serviced by Hans Moennig, Shane Weiler, and Frank Marcus.

Later Life

Pezzi retired from the Eastman School of Music in 1954 and remained active as a musician, attending concerts and teaching private lessons. He passed away in Washington DC on July 14th, 1966, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery[13].

Pezzi's tombstone in Arlington National Cemetary

List of Vincent Pezzi’s Most Notable Students:

  • George Goslee, principal bassoon, Cleveland Orchestra
  • Willard Elliot, principal bassoon, Chicago Symphony
  • Kenneth Pasmanick, principal bassoon, National Symphony (USA)
  • Loren Glickman, New York City bassoon pedagogue, Chamber Society of Lincoln Center
  • Walter Green, principal bassoon, San Francisco Symphony
  • K. David Van Hoesen, principal bassoon, Rochester Philharmonic and Professor at the Eastman School of Music
  • Norman Herzberg, LA Freelancer and Professor at the University of Southern California

References

  1. ^ 1
  2. ^ 2
  3. ^ 3
  4. ^ 4
  5. ^ 5
  6. ^ 6
  7. ^ 7
  8. ^ 8
  9. ^ 8
  10. ^ 8
  11. ^ 9
  12. ^ 10
  13. ^ 11

Sources

  • Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
  • Orchestra Mission & History.” Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 27 Aug. 2019,Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music. https://www.dso.org/about-the-dso/our-history/.
  • Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1945-1946. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1946. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
  • Unknown. “An Homage to Vincent Pezzi (1887-1966).” To the World's Bassoonists, vol. 1, no. 1, July 1969, pp. 2–2.
  • Eastman School of Music. The Score, 1935-1936. Rochester: Graduating Class of 1936. Print. Archives, Eastman School of Music.
  • Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 7, "A Tale of Two Systems" pp. 149-178.
  • Kopp, James. "The Bassoon" Yale Press, 2012. Chapter 6, "The Scientific Bassoon" pp. 121-124.