Cowlitz language: Difference between revisions
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| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Cowlitz is classified as Extinct by the [[UNESCO]] [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]}}}}<ref>{{cite report |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |publisher=UNESCO |edition=3rd |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |date=2010 |page=11}}</ref> |
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'''Cowlitz''' (Cowlitz: {{Lang|cow|ƛʼpúlmixq}}),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cowlitzsalish.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Cowlitz Salish Dictionary |publisher=[[Cowlitz Indian Tribe]]}}</ref> also known as '''Cowlitz Salish''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cowlitz Salish Language Learning |url=https://cowlitzsalish.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Cowlitz Salish |publisher=The Language Conservancy |language=en-US}}</ref> is a [[Tsamosan languages|Tsamosan]] language of the [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] family of [[Salishan languages]]. It was spoken by the [[Cowlitz people|Lower Cowlitz people]] of the [[Cowlitz Indian Tribe]] and is spoken today by both Lower and Upper Cowlitz people. Although it went dormant in the 1960s, it is being revitalized by the Cowlitz Tribe.<ref name=":1" /> |
'''Cowlitz''' (Cowlitz: {{Lang|cow|ƛʼpúlmixq}}),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cowlitzsalish.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Cowlitz Salish Dictionary |publisher=[[Cowlitz Indian Tribe]]}}</ref> also known as '''Cowlitz Salish''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cowlitz Salish Language Learning |url=https://cowlitzsalish.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Cowlitz Salish |publisher=The Language Conservancy |language=en-US}}</ref> is a [[Tsamosan languages|Tsamosan]] language of the [[Coast Salish languages|Coast Salish]] family of [[Salishan languages]]. It was spoken by the [[Cowlitz people|Lower Cowlitz people]] of the [[Cowlitz Indian Tribe]] and is spoken today by both Lower and Upper Cowlitz people. Although it went dormant in the 1960s, it is being revitalized by the Cowlitz Tribe.<ref name=":1" /> |
Revision as of 15:35, 20 May 2024
Cowlitz Salish | |
---|---|
ƛʼpúlmixq | |
Native to | United States |
Region | Southwestern Washington |
Extinct | 1960s |
Revival | revival efforts underway |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cow |
Glottolog | cowl1242 |
Cowlitz (Cowlitz: ƛʼpúlmixq),[2] also known as Cowlitz Salish,[3] is a Tsamosan language of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. It was spoken by the Lower Cowlitz people of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe and is spoken today by both Lower and Upper Cowlitz people. Although it went dormant in the 1960s, it is being revitalized by the Cowlitz Tribe.[3]
Cowlitz people
The Cowlitz people were originally two distinct tribes: the Lower Cowlitz and the Upper Cowlitz, sometimes called the Taidnapam. Only the Lower Cowlitz originally spoke Cowlitz Salish. The Upper Cowlitz spoke a Sahaptin language.[4]
Phonology
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | sibilant | lateral | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||
Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | |||
Sonorant | plain | m | n | l | j | w | |||||
glottalized | mˀ | nˀ | lˀ | jˀ | wˀ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e eː | ə | oː |
Open | a aː |
Vocabulary
Cowlitz is most similar to Lower Chehalis, another Tsamosan language, although it contains some oddities, such as the word for one, utsus (in contrast to the Lower Chehalis paw).
English | Cowlitz |
---|---|
Lower Cowlitz tribe | Sł'púlmš |
one (number) | utsus |
two | salli |
three | kałi |
four | mus |
five | tsilats |
to sing | ilani |
moon/sun | Łuqał |
dog | kaxa |
water | kal'l |
man | siłimx |
woman | kuwił |
References
- ^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
- ^ "Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary". Cowlitz Salish Dictionary. Cowlitz Indian Tribe. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ a b "Cowlitz Salish Language Learning". Cowlitz Salish. The Language Conservancy. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ "Our Story". The Cowlitz Indian Tribe. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ a b Kinkade, Marvin Dale (2004). Cowlitz dictionary and grammatical sketch. Missoula, MT: Linguistics Laboratory, University of Montana. pp. 219–224.
Further reading
- "Vocabulary Words in the Salishan Language Family". Native-Languages.org.
- Kinkade, Dale (2004). Cowlitz Dictionary and Grammatical Sketch. Missoula: University of Montana Press. ISBN 9781879763180.