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{{Short description|Spanish breed of sheep}}
[[Image:Sementales raza churra.jpg|right|270px|thumb|A pair of Spanish Churra ewes]]
{{For|the villages with Churra name|Churra, Iran|Churra, Spain}}
The '''Churra''' (also known as ''Spanish Churro'')<ref name="DADIS">
{{Infobox sheep breed
{{cite web
| name = Churra
|url=http://dad.fao.org/
| image = Churra ewes and lambs in Segovia.jpg
|title=Churra/Spain
| image_size =
|work=Breed Data Sheet
| image_alt =
|publisher=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System
| image_caption = Ewes and lambs in [[Segovia]]
|accessdate=2009-09-09}}</ref> is an ancient [[Iberian peninsula|Iberian]] breed of [[sheep]]<ref name="OKState">
| status = [[DAD-IS]] (2023): not at risk{{r|dad}}
{{cite web
| altname = {{ubl|Churra Lebrijana|Churra Tensina|Oveja Churra}}
|url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/navajochurro/index.htm
| country = {{ubl|Portugal|Spain}}
|work=Breeds of Sheep
| distribution =
|title=Navajo-Churro
| standard =
|publisher=Oklahoma State University
| use =
|accessdate=2009-03-20}}</ref> from [[Zamora (province)|Zamora]] province in [[Castile and León]]. The ewes produce the milk for Zamorana cheese; the meat is prized also.<ref name="mendel">{{cite book
| maleweight = 75 kg{{r|dad}}
| last = Mendel
| femaleweight = 65 kg{{r|dad}}
| first = Janet
| maleheight = 80 cm{{r|dad}}
| authorlink =
| femaleheight = 70 cm{{r|dad}}
| coauthors =
| skincolour =
| title = My Kitchen in Spain: 225 Authentic Regional Recipes
| type =
| publisher = Frances Lincoln
| date = 2005
| woolcolour = white
| facecolour = black-and-white
| location =
| page =
| horns =
| note =
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=tp2RbFIuB2IC&pg=PA132&dq=Zamorano+cheese&client=firefox-a
}}
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 9780711224315}}</ref>


[[File:Churra sheep.jpg|On the Dehesa de Espinosilla, [[Palencia]], Spain|thumb]]
The Churra (renamed "churro" by American frontiersmen) was first imported to North America in the 16th century and used to feed Spanish armies and settlers. By the 17th Century, churros were popular with the Spanish settlers in the upper Rio Grande Valley. Flocks of churros were also acquired by [[Navajo (people)|Navajo]] through raids and trading, and soon became an important part of their economy and culture.<ref name="OKState"/>
The '''Churra''' is an [[Iberia]]n type, [[list of sheep breeds|breed]] or group of breeds of [[sheep]].{{r|cabi|p=920|guia|p2=280|barb|p3=107}} The word {{lang|es|churra}} simply means 'coarse-woolled'. The Churra originates in the [[Duero Valley]] in the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community ]] of [[Castile and León]] in north-western Spain.{{r|cabi|p=920}} In the [[provinces of Spain|province]] of [[Zamora (province)|Zamora]] the milk is used to make [[Zamorano cheese]].{{r|mendel|p=132}}


== Churra breeds and types ==
In the early 1900s, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] decided that other breeds would be better for reservation life and a program of out-breeding nearly caused the churro sheep to go extinct. People concerned with quality of wool and the history and culture of the Navajo are making an effort to save the breed<ref name="NPR">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127797442&f=1001&sc=tw&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter
|title=Sacred Sheep Revive Navajo Tradition, For Now
|work=Weekend Edition Sunday
|publisher=NPR
|accessdate=2010-06-13}}</ref>.


There are numerous regional variants of the Churra in Spain. Two of these are recognised as separate breeds: the [[Churra Lebrijana]] of [[Andalusia]], also known as the Atlantica or Marismeña, named for [[Lebrija]] on the [[Guadalquivir]] and found in the coastal [[provinces of Spain|provinces]] of [[Cadiz (province)|Cadiz]] and [[Huelva (province)|Huelva]] in south-western Spain;{{r|cabi|p=741|guia|p2=283|dad2}} and the [[Churra Tensina]], named for the [[Valle de Tena]] in the province of [[Huesca (province)|Huesca]] in the central Pyrenees.{{r|cabi|p=931|guia|p2=287|dad3}} Others include the small Sayaguesa, associated with the ''[[comarca]]'' of [[Sayago]] in the south of the province of Zamora and reared mostly for meat;{{r|cabi|p=906}} the Churra del Bierzo or Blanca del Bierzo, an endangered [[polled (livestock)|polled]] type from the ''comarca'' of [[El Bierzo]] in the province of [[León (province)|León]]; and the Churra Castellana or Churra Campera of Castile.{{r|cabi|p=920}}
[[Spanish proverb|Spanish traditional wisdom]] advises not to mix ''churras'' and ''[[Merino|merinas]]'', i.e., not to confuse different concepts.


==See also==
== Use ==
*[[Sheep shearing]]
*[[Navajo-Churro sheep]]
*[[Wool]]


The Churra is a traditional triple-purpose breed, reared for [[sheep's milk|milk]], for [[mutton|meat]] and for its wool, which is of coarse quality suitable for carpet-making.{{r|cabi|p=920}} Sheep of this type were taken by the [[conquistadores]] to the [[New World]], where they gave rise to American breeds such as the [[Chiapas (sheep)|Chiapas]] and the [[Navajo-Churro]].{{r|cabi|p=920}} [[Cross-breeding]] with the [[Merino]] has given rise to the {{lang-es|entrefino}} or medium-fine group of breeds in Spain, and to the [[Churra Algarvia]] breed in Portugal.{{r|cabi|p=920}} Other Portuguese Churra breeds include the [[Churra Badana]], the [[Churra Galega Bragançana Branca]], the [[Churra Galega Bragançana Preta]], the [[Churra Galega Mirandesa]], the [[Churra Mondegueira]], the [[Churra da Terra Quente]], the [[Churra do Campo]] and the [[Churra do Minho]].{{r|dad4}}
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==References==
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{{reflist}}


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== References ==
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[[Category:Animal breeds originating in Spain]]
{{commonscat}}
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[[Category:Sheep breeds]]
⚫
{{reflist|refs=


<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>


<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|9781780647944}}.</ref>
{{sheep-stub}}


<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=ESP&specie=Sheep&breed=Churra&lang=en Breed data sheet: Churra / Spain (Sheep)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.</ref>
[[es:Oveja churra]]

<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=ESP&specie=Sheep&breed=Churra%20Lebrijana&lang=en Breed data sheet: Churra Lebrijana / Spain (Sheep)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.</ref>

<ref name=dad3>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=ESP&specie=Sheep&breed=Churra%20Tensina&lang=en Breed data sheet: Churra Tensina / Spain (Sheep)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.</ref>

<ref name=dad4>[https://www.fao.org/dad-is/browse-by-country-and-species/en/ Breed data sheet: Portugal, Sheep]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.</ref>

<ref name=guia>Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, Mariano Gómez Fernández, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Silvia Adán Belmonte, Miguel Jiménez Cabras (editors) (2009). ''Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas'' (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. {{isbn|9788449109461}}.</ref>

<ref name=mendel>Janet Mendel (2002). [https://archive.org/details/mykitcheninspain00mend/page/132/mode/1up ''My Kitchen in Spain: 225 Authentic Regional Recipes'']. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. {{isbn|0060195266}}</ref>

}}

{{Sheep breeds of Spain}}{{Sheep-stub}}
⚫
[[Category:Sheep breeds originating in Spain]]
⚫
[[Category:Sheep breeds]]

Latest revision as of 06:42, 21 January 2024

For the villages with Churra name, see Churra, Iran and Churra, Spain.
Churra
Ewes and lambs in Segovia
Conservation statusDAD-IS (2023): not at risk[1]
Other names
  • Churra Lebrijana
  • Churra Tensina
  • Oveja Churra
Country of origin
  • Portugal
  • Spain
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    75 kg[1]
  • Female:
    65 kg[1]
Height
  • Male:
    80 cm[1]
  • Female:
    70 cm[1]
Wool colourwhite
Face colourblack-and-white
On the Dehesa de Espinosilla, Palencia, Spain

The Churra is an Iberian type, breed or group of breeds of sheep.[2]: 920 [3]: 280 [4]: 107  The word churra simply means 'coarse-woolled'. The Churra originates in the Duero Valley in the autonomous community of Castile and León in north-western Spain.[2]: 920  In the province of Zamora the milk is used to make Zamorano cheese.[5]: 132 

Churra breeds and types[edit]

There are numerous regional variants of the Churra in Spain. Two of these are recognised as separate breeds: the Churra Lebrijana of Andalusia, also known as the Atlantica or Marismeña, named for Lebrija on the Guadalquivir and found in the coastal provinces of Cadiz and Huelva in south-western Spain;[2]: 741 [3]: 283 [6] and the Churra Tensina, named for the Valle de Tena in the province of Huesca in the central Pyrenees.[2]: 931 [3]: 287 [7] Others include the small Sayaguesa, associated with the comarca of Sayago in the south of the province of Zamora and reared mostly for meat;[2]: 906  the Churra del Bierzo or Blanca del Bierzo, an endangered polled type from the comarca of El Bierzo in the province of León; and the Churra Castellana or Churra Campera of Castile.[2]: 920 

Use[edit]

The Churra is a traditional triple-purpose breed, reared for milk, for meat and for its wool, which is of coarse quality suitable for carpet-making.[2]: 920  Sheep of this type were taken by the conquistadores to the New World, where they gave rise to American breeds such as the Chiapas and the Navajo-Churro.[2]: 920  Cross-breeding with the Merino has given rise to the Spanish: entrefino or medium-fine group of breeds in Spain, and to the Churra Algarvia breed in Portugal.[2]: 920  Other Portuguese Churra breeds include the Churra Badana, the Churra Galega Bragançana Branca, the Churra Galega Bragançana Preta, the Churra Galega Mirandesa, the Churra Mondegueira, the Churra da Terra Quente, the Churra do Campo and the Churra do Minho.[8]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Churra.
  1. ^ a b c d e Breed data sheet: Churra / Spain (Sheep). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
  3. ^ a b c Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, Mariano Gómez Fernández, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Silvia Adán Belmonte, Miguel Jiménez Cabras (editors) (2009). Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. ISBN 9788449109461.
  4. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
  5. ^ Janet Mendel (2002). My Kitchen in Spain: 225 Authentic Regional Recipes. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. ISBN 0060195266
  6. ^ Breed data sheet: Churra Lebrijana / Spain (Sheep). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  7. ^ Breed data sheet: Churra Tensina / Spain (Sheep). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
  8. ^ Breed data sheet: Portugal, Sheep. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.


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