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{{Short description|American translator}}
{{Short description|American translator}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2019}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2019}}
'''Charles E. Derbyshire''' (January 17, 1880 – April 10, 1933) was an American educator and translator active in the Philippines in the early 20th century. Derbyshire is best known for his [[English language|English]] translations of Filipino nationalist [[José Rizal]]'s novels [[Noli Me Tángere (novel)|''Noli Me Tángere'']] (1887) and ''[[El Filibusterismo]]'' (1891), titled ''The Social Cancer'' and ''The Reign of Greed'', respectively. Published in 1912, they were the first non-abridged English translations and were used for decades until being superceded by [[León María Guerrero (diplomat)|León Ma. Guerrero]] and [[Soledad Lacson-Locsin]]'s translations.
'''Charles Derbyshire''' (January 17, 1880 – April 10, 1933) was an American translator active around the turn of the twentieth century.


==Biography==
His most famous translations were of the poetry and novels of the Filipino writer and political activist [[Jose Rizal]], ''[[Noli Me Tangere (novel)|Noli Me Tangere]]'' and ''[[El Filibusterismo]]'', both of which were published in 1912. He also translated Rizal's farewell poem, posthumously titled [[Mi Ultimo Adios]], which he published in 1911.
Charles E. Derbyshire was born in [[Huntington, West Virginia]], on January 17, 1880, and graduated from Marshall College (now [[Marshall University]]) and [[West Virginia University]]. He taught [[Spanish language|Spanish]] at Marshall College from 1898 to 1901 before arriving in the Philippines on the [[transport vessel]] ''Thomas''. In the country, Derbyshire worked as a teacher from 1901 to 1910, and a translator for the Executive Bureau in 1910 and 1911 and for the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] from 1911 to 1916. He died on April 10, 1933, in [[Chillicothe, Ohio]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1990 |title=DERBYSHIRE, CHARLES E. |encyclopedia=The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, Conneticut |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesinas0000shav/page/128/mode/2up |last=Shavit |first=David |page=128 |isbn=0-313-26788-X}}</ref>


==Rizal translations==
Born in Huntington, West Virginia in 1880, Derbyshire died in Chillicotte, Ohio in 1933, aged 53.
[[File:The Social Cancer 1912 cover.jpg|thumb|First edition cover of ''The Social Cancer'', Derbyshire's 1912 translation of [[Noli Me Tángere (novel)|''Noli Me Tángere'']]]]
During the [[American Colonial Period (Philippines)|American colonial period]] of the Philippines, two heavily abridged English translations of Rizal's ''Noli Me Tángere'' appeared in the United States: ''An Eagle Flight'' (1900) and ''Friars and Filipinos'' (1902).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Testa-De Ocampo |first=Anna Melinda |date=2011 |title=The Afterlives of the ''Noli Me Tángere'' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42634694 |journal=[[Philippine Studies (journal)|Philippine Studies]] |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=495{{endash}}527 |via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=509, 512}} From the original Spanish, Derbyshire produced the first complete English translation of the novel {{Emdash}} and the last produced during the colonial period {{Emdash}} which he titled ''The Social Cancer''. Derbyshire also translated its sequel ''El Filibusterismo'', which he titled ''The Reign of Greed''. In 1912, his translations were published in [[Manila]] by the [[World Book Company]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />{{Rp|pages=497{{endash}}98}} Derbyshire prefaced ''The Social Cancer'' with a 50-page introduction providing context,<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=May 1913 |title=RIZAL'S PICTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_review-of-reviews-us_1913-05_47_5/page/592/mode/2up?q=Charles+Derbyshire |magazine=[[Review of Reviews#The American Review of Reviews|The American Review of Reviews]] |pages=592{{endash}}93 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=47 |issue=5}}</ref> dated December 1, 1909.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|pages=499}} Derbyshire also translated Rizal's poems into English,<ref name=":0" /> as well as "Elías and Salomé", an unpublished chapter of the ''Noli'', for Rizal's biographer [[Austin Craig]] in 1926.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=520}}


According to [[Ambeth Ocampo]], Derbyshire's translations of Rizal's novels were used for decades before being superceded by newer English translations by Guerrero and Lacson-Loscin. The two translations are still available free-of-charge online.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ocampo |first=Ambeth R. |author-link=Ambeth Ocampo |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Notes on books |url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/170090/notes-on-books |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]}}</ref> As of 2011, ''The Social Cancer'' is the most reprinted ''Noli'' translation.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|pages=496{{endash}}497}} A revised edition was published by the [[Philippine Educational Company]] (PECO) in 1926, with illustrations by [[Juan Luna]] and an introduction by [[Epifanio de los Santos]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=520}} PECO reprinted this edition in 1927, 1931, 1937, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1956, 1961, 1966, and 1969. It was reissued by [[Quezon City]]'s Giraffe Books in 1996 and 1999.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=|pages=497, 521}} In 2011, the first [[bilingual]] edition of the ''Noli'' was launched by the [[Instituto Cervantes]] de Manila and the [[Vibal Publishing House|Vibal Foundation]]. It features Derbyshire's translation and the original Spanish text side-by-side, as well as an introduction by Ambeth Ocampo. A [[Textual criticism|critical edition]], it has extensive annotations of Rizal's edits to the manuscript complied by {{III|Isaac Donoso|lt=Isaac Donoso|es}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cupin |first=Bea |date=November 26, 2011 |title=Getting inside Rizal's head: ''Noli Me Tangere'', the critical edition |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/239736/getting-inside-rizal-s-head-noli-me-tangere-the-critical-edition/story/ |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=[[GMA News Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2011 |title=First bilingual edition of 'Noli Me Tangere' launched at Instituto Cervantes |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/arts-and-culture/2011/11/21/749887/first-bilingual-edition-noli-me-tangere-launched-instituto-cervantes |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref>
⚫
==External links==

There has been limited scholarly analysis of Derbyshire's Rizal translations. In a [[Philippine Studies (journal)|''Philippine Studies'']] article about the ''Noli''<nowiki/>'s translations, A.M. Testa-De Ocampo wrote that there is "no data regarding [Derbyshire's] motivation or target audience" regarding his translations,<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=498}} but that their publication was representative of a growing English-language audience in the Philippines.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=515}}

==References==
<references />

⚫
== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Author:Charles Derbyshire|Derbyshire's translations of Rizal's novels}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Derbyshire}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Derbyshire}}
* {{Librivox author |id=6984}}
* {{Librivox author |id=6984}}

Latest revision as of 14:22, 2 June 2024

Charles E. Derbyshire (January 17, 1880 – April 10, 1933) was an American educator and translator active in the Philippines in the early 20th century. Derbyshire is best known for his English translations of Filipino nationalist José Rizal's novels Noli Me Tángere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891), titled The Social Cancer and The Reign of Greed, respectively. Published in 1912, they were the first non-abridged English translations and were used for decades until being superceded by León Ma. Guerrero and Soledad Lacson-Locsin's translations.

Biography[edit]

Charles E. Derbyshire was born in Huntington, West Virginia, on January 17, 1880, and graduated from Marshall College (now Marshall University) and West Virginia University. He taught Spanish at Marshall College from 1898 to 1901 before arriving in the Philippines on the transport vessel Thomas. In the country, Derbyshire worked as a teacher from 1901 to 1910, and a translator for the Executive Bureau in 1910 and 1911 and for the Supreme Court from 1911 to 1916. He died on April 10, 1933, in Chillicothe, Ohio.[1]

Rizal translations[edit]

First edition cover of The Social Cancer, Derbyshire's 1912 translation of Noli Me Tángere

During the American colonial period of the Philippines, two heavily abridged English translations of Rizal's Noli Me Tángere appeared in the United States: An Eagle Flight (1900) and Friars and Filipinos (1902).[2]: 509, 512  From the original Spanish, Derbyshire produced the first complete English translation of the novel — and the last produced during the colonial period — which he titled The Social Cancer. Derbyshire also translated its sequel El Filibusterismo, which he titled The Reign of Greed. In 1912, his translations were published in Manila by the World Book Company.[1][2]: 497–98  Derbyshire prefaced The Social Cancer with a 50-page introduction providing context,[3] dated December 1, 1909.[2]: 499  Derbyshire also translated Rizal's poems into English,[1] as well as "Elías and Salomé", an unpublished chapter of the Noli, for Rizal's biographer Austin Craig in 1926.[2]: 520 

According to Ambeth Ocampo, Derbyshire's translations of Rizal's novels were used for decades before being superceded by newer English translations by Guerrero and Lacson-Loscin. The two translations are still available free-of-charge online.[4] As of 2011, The Social Cancer is the most reprinted Noli translation.[2]: 496–497  A revised edition was published by the Philippine Educational Company (PECO) in 1926, with illustrations by Juan Luna and an introduction by Epifanio de los Santos.[2]: 520  PECO reprinted this edition in 1927, 1931, 1937, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1956, 1961, 1966, and 1969. It was reissued by Quezon City's Giraffe Books in 1996 and 1999.[2]: 497, 521  In 2011, the first bilingual edition of the Noli was launched by the Instituto Cervantes de Manila and the Vibal Foundation. It features Derbyshire's translation and the original Spanish text side-by-side, as well as an introduction by Ambeth Ocampo. A critical edition, it has extensive annotations of Rizal's edits to the manuscript complied by Isaac Donoso [es].[5][6]

There has been limited scholarly analysis of Derbyshire's Rizal translations. In a Philippine Studies article about the Noli's translations, A.M. Testa-De Ocampo wrote that there is "no data regarding [Derbyshire's] motivation or target audience" regarding his translations,[2]: 498  but that their publication was representative of a growing English-language audience in the Philippines.[2]: 515 

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Shavit, David (1990). "DERBYSHIRE, CHARLES E.". The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary. Westport, Conneticut: Greenwood Press. p. 128. ISBN 0-313-26788-X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Testa-De Ocampo, Anna Melinda (2011). "The Afterlives of the Noli Me Tángere". Philippine Studies. 59 (4): 495–527 – via JSTOR.
  3. ^ "RIZAL'S PICTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN". The American Review of Reviews. Vol. 47, no. 5. May 1913. pp. 592–93 – via Internet Archive.
  4. ^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. (January 19, 2024). "Notes on books". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  5. ^ Cupin, Bea (November 26, 2011). "Getting inside Rizal's head: Noli Me Tangere, the critical edition". GMA News Online. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
  6. ^ "First bilingual edition of 'Noli Me Tangere' launched at Instituto Cervantes". The Philippine Star. November 21, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2024.

External links[edit]

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