CST6 (gene): Difference between revisions

{{Orphan|date=February 2009}}

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'''Cystatin-M''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CST6'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9154125">{{cite journal | author = Stenman G, Astrom AK, Roijer E, Sotiropoulou G, Zhang M, Sager R | title = Assignment of a novel cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CST6) to 11q13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization | journal = Cytogenet Cell Genet | volume = 76 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 45-6 | year = 1997 | month = Jun | pmid = 9154125 | pmc = | doi = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9099741">{{cite journal | author = Ni J, Abrahamson M, Zhang M, Fernandez MA, Grubb A, Su J, Yu GL, Li Y, Parmelee D, Xing L, Coleman TA, Gentz S, Thotakura R, Nguyen N, Hesselberg M, Gentz R | title = Cystatin E is a novel human cysteine proteinase inhibitor with structural resemblance to family 2 cystatins | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 272 | issue = 16 | pages = 10853-8 | year = 1997 | month = May | pmid = 9099741 | pmc = | doi = }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CST6 cystatin E/M| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1474| accessdate = }}</ref>

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| summary_text = The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. This gene encodes a cystatin from the type 2 family, which is down-regulated in metastatic breast tumor cells as compared to primary tumor cells. Loss of expression is likely associated with the progression of a primary tumor to a metastatic phenotype.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CST6 cystatin E/M| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1474| accessdate = }}</ref>

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| citations =

*{{cite journal | author=Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM |title=Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 5–12 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9007972 |doi= }}

*{{cite journal | author=Barka T, Asbell PA, van der Noen H, Prasad A |title=Cystatins in human tear fluid. |journal=Curr. Eye Res. |volume=10 |issue= 1 |pages= 25–34 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2029847 |doi=10.3109/02713689109007608 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Saitoh E, Isemura S, Sanada K, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin superfamily. Evidence that family II cystatin genes are evolutionarily related to family III cystatin genes. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=369 Suppl |issue= |pages= 191–7 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3202964 |doi= }}

*{{cite journal | author=Thiesse M, Millar SJ, Dickinson DP |title=The human type 2 cystatin gene family consists of eight to nine members, with at least seven genes clustered at a single locus on human chromosome 20. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 97–116 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8179826 |doi= }}

*{{cite journal | author=Sotiropoulou G, Anisowicz A, Sager R |title=Identification, cloning, and characterization of cystatin M, a novel cysteine proteinase inhibitor, down-regulated in breast cancer. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 2 |pages= 903–10 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8995380 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.2.903 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Zeeuwen PL, Van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Jansen BJ, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin M/E expression is restricted to differentiated epidermal keratinocytes and sweat glands: a new skin-specific proteinase inhibitor that is a target for cross-linking by transglutaminase. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=116 |issue= 5 |pages= 693–701 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11348457 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01309.x }}

*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Zeeuwen PL, Dale BA, de Jongh GJ, ''et al.'' |title=The human cystatin M/E gene (CST6): exclusion candidate gene for harlequin ichthyosis. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=121 |issue= 1 |pages= 65–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12839564 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12312.x }}

*{{cite journal | author=Shridhar R, Zhang J, Song J, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin M suppresses the malignant phenotype of human MDA-MB-435S cells. |journal=Oncogene |volume=23 |issue= 12 |pages= 2206–15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14676833 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1207340 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Zhang J, Shridhar R, Dai Q, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin m: a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene for breast cancer. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=64 |issue= 19 |pages= 6957–64 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15466187 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0819 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Song J, Jie C, Polk P, ''et al.'' |title=The candidate tumor suppressor CST6 alters the gene expression profile of human breast carcinoma cells: down-regulation of the potent mitogenic, motogenic, and angiogenic factor autotaxin. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=340 |issue= 1 |pages= 175–82 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16356477 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.171 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Cheng T, Hitomi K, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, ''et al.'' |title=Cystatin M/E is a high affinity inhibitor of cathepsin V and cathepsin L by a reactive site that is distinct from the legumain-binding site. A novel clue for the role of cystatin M/E in epidermal cornification. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 23 |pages= 15893–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16565075 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M600694200 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Ai L, Kim WJ, Kim TY, ''et al.'' |title=Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor cystatin M occurs during breast cancer progression. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=66 |issue= 16 |pages= 7899–909 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16912163 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0576 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Rivenbark AG, Jones WD, Coleman WB |title=DNA methylation-dependent silencing of CST6 in human breast cancer cell lines. |journal=Lab. Invest. |volume=86 |issue= 12 |pages= 1233–42 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17043665 |doi= 10.1038/labinvest.3700485 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Schagdarsurengin U, Pfeifer GP, Dammann R |title=Frequent epigenetic inactivation of cystatin M in breast carcinoma. |journal=Oncogene |volume=26 |issue= 21 |pages= 3089–94 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17099723 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1210107 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Rivenbark AG, Livasy CA, Boyd CE, ''et al.'' |title=Methylation-dependent silencing of CST6 in primary human breast tumors and metastatic lesions. |journal=Exp. Mol. Pathol. |volume=83 |issue= 2 |pages= 188–97 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17540367 |doi= 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.03.008 }}

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