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{{Infobox union
[[Image:NSBO.svg|thumb|Standard of the NSBO]]
|name = National Socialist Factory Cell Organization
The '''Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation''' (National Socialist Factory Cell Organization) was a [[Labor union|workers organization]] in [[Nazi Germany]].
|affiliation = [[Nazi Party]]
|members = 300,000 (1931)
|native_name = Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation
|native_name_lang = de
|image = [[File:NSBO.svg|150px]]
|founded = 1928
|dissolved = May 1935
|successor = [[German Labour Front]]
| leader_name = [[Walter Schuhmann]]
|headquarters =
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:NSBO sleeve insignia.png|thumb|NSBO sleeve insignia]]
The '''National Socialist Factory Cell Organization''' ({{lang-de|Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation}}, NSBO or NSBZO) was a [[Labor union|workers organization]] in [[Nazi Germany]].


In 1927, some [[NSDAP]] workers in large factories, located mostly in the [[Berlin]] area, joined together as an alternative to democratic and Christian labor unions. The NSBO was established in 1928 by these groups.<ref>Reinhard Kühnl, ''Die nationalsozialistische Linke 1925–1930'', Marburger Abhandlungen zur Politischen Wissenschaft Vol. 6, Meisenheim am Glan 1966.</ref>
In 1927, some [[NSDAP]] workers in large factories, located mostly in the [[Berlin]] area, joined as an alternative to [[Social democracy|social democratic]] and [[Christian left|Christian]] labor unions. The NSBO was established in 1928 by these groups.<ref>Reinhard Kühnl, ''Die nationalsozialistische Linke 1925–1930'', Marburger Abhandlungen zur Politischen Wissenschaft Vol. 6, Meisenheim am Glan 1966.</ref>


On 15 January 1931, the NSBO was declared a ''"Reichsbetriebszellenabteilung"'' (German Reich Factory Cell Organization) of the Nazi Party. It began to increase its membership by means of aggressive campaigns, which included both [[Nazi propaganda|propaganda]] and violence, under the war-cry: ''"Hinein in die Betriebe!"'' (Into the Factories!), which was shortened to "Hib".<ref>Reinhard Giersch, ''Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation (NSBO) 1930 (1931)–1934 (1935),'' in Fricke, Dieter (Hrsg.), ''Lexikon zur Parteiengeschichte. Die bürgerlichen und kleinbürgerlichen Parteien und Verbände in Deutschland (1789–1945),'' Vol. 3, Leipzig 1985, Pages 454–459.</ref>
On 15 January 1931, the NSBO was declared the ''"Reichsbetriebszellenabteilung"'' (Reich Factory Cell Department) within the Nazi Party ''Reichsleitung'' (National Leadership) and was placed under the leadership of [[Walter Schuhmann]]. At this time it had only 3,000 members.<ref name="Toward">{{cite book|last1=Dobkowski|first1=Michael N.|last2=Wallimann|first2=Isidor|date=1983|title=Towards the Holocaust: the social and economic collapse of the Weimar Republic|url=https://surface.syr.edu/books/17/|publisher=Praeger|page=183|isbn=0313227950}}</ref> It began to increase its membership by means of aggressive campaigns, which included both [[Nazi propaganda|propaganda]] and violence, under the war-cry: ''"Hinein in die Betriebe!"'' (Into the Factories!), which was shortened to "Hib".<ref>Reinhard Giersch, ''Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation (NSBO) 1930 (1931)–1934 (1935),'' in Fricke, Dieter (Hrsg.), ''Lexikon zur Parteiengeschichte. Die bürgerlichen und kleinbürgerlichen Parteien und Verbände in Deutschland (1789–1945),'' Vol. 3, Leipzig 1985, Pages 454–459.</ref>


The NSBO had overall little success among German organized workers, except in certain regions where they supported strikes, such as the [[1932 Berlin transport strike]]. As a result of the "Hib" campaign, the NSBO increased its membership to only about 300,000 by the end of 1931, while the Democratic and Christian labor unions had still well over 5 million members.<ref>Volker Kratzenberg, ''Arbeiter auf dem Weg zu Hitler? Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Ihre Entstehung, ihre Programmatik, ihr Scheitern 1927–1934,'' Frankfurt/Bern/New York 1987.</ref>
The NSBO had overall little success among German organized workers, except in certain regions where they supported strikes, such as the [[1932 Berlin transport strike]]. As a result of the "Hib" campaign, the NSBO increased its membership to only about 300,000 by the end of 1932,<ref name="Toward"/> while the Democratic and Christian labor unions had still well over 5 million members.<ref>Volker Kratzenberg, ''Arbeiter auf dem Weg zu Hitler? Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Ihre Entstehung, ihre Programmatik, ihr Scheitern 1927–1934,'' Frankfurt/Bern/New York 1987.</ref>


Some sections of the NSBO had an ideology similar to [[National Bolshevism]]. They believed that after the "national revolution" occurred, a "social revolution" had to follow, to do away with the existing elites.<ref>Louis Dupeux, ''„Nationalbolschewismus“ in Deutschland 1919–1933. Kommunistische Strategie und konservative Dynamik,'' München 1985.</ref> This attitude earned them sympathies in some places, like in [[Nordhorn]], a textile industrial city in the [[county of Bentheim]], where the NSBO defeated the formerly strong Communist labor unions in the industrial worker council elections in 1933.<ref>Werner Rohr, ''Nationalbolschewistische Tendenzen in der Nordhorner NSDAP'', Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1987, Bad Bentheim 1987, Pages 107–112.</ref> The NSBO's methods then included using armed violence in order to offset a salary reduction in a particular factory.<ref>Helmut Lensing, ''Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation und die NS-Machtergreifung in der Grafschaft Bentheim,'' Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1993 (= Das Bentheimer Land Vol 125), Bad Bentheim 1992, Pages 167–194.</ref>
Some sections of the NSBO had an ideology similar to [[National Bolshevism]]. They believed that after the "national revolution" occurred, a "social revolution" had to follow, to do away with the existing elites.<ref>Louis Dupeux, ''„Nationalbolschewismus“ in Deutschland 1919–1933. Kommunistische Strategie und konservative Dynamik,'' München 1985.</ref> This attitude earned them sympathies in some places, like in [[Nordhorn]], a textile industrial city in the [[County of Bentheim (district)|county of Bentheim]], where the NSBO defeated the formerly strong Communist labor unions in the industrial worker council elections in 1933.<ref>Werner Rohr, ''Nationalbolschewistische Tendenzen in der Nordhorner NSDAP'', Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1987, Bad Bentheim 1987, Pages 107–112.</ref> The NSBO's methods then included using armed violence in order to offset a salary reduction in a particular factory.<ref>Helmut Lensing, ''Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation und die NS-Machtergreifung in der Grafschaft Bentheim,'' Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1993 (= Das Bentheimer Land Vol 125), Bad Bentheim 1992, Pages 167–194.</ref>
[[File:Organisationsbuc00nati orig 0291 ORGANISATIONSBUCH DER NSDAP 1936 Tafel 27 Deutsche Arbeitsfront DAF Uniform NSBO.-Mann Werkschar-Mann DAF.-Walter und KdF-Wart German Labour Front Nazi Germany No known copyright Cropped.jpg|thumb|Uniforms for the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization and the [[German Labour Front]], 1936.]]

After all non-Nazi trade unions were oulawed by decree on 2 May 1933, the NSBO became the only official workers' organization in Germany. This moment of glory, however, was short, for the [[German Labour Front]] (DAF) was established a few days later. More organized and better represented at national level, the DAF ended up absorbing the NSBO in 1935.<ref>Gunther Mai, ''Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Zum Verhältnis von Arbeiterschaft und Nationalsozialismus'', VfZG 31. Jg. 1983, Pages 573–613.</ref>
After all non-Nazi trade unions were outlawed by decree on 2 May 1933, the NSBO became the only official workers' organization in Germany. This moment of glory, however, was short, for the [[German Labour Front]] (DAF) was established a few days later. More organized and better represented at national level, the DAF ended up absorbing the NSBO in 1935.<ref>Gunther Mai, ''Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Zum Verhältnis von Arbeiterschaft und Nationalsozialismus'', VfZG 31. Jg. 1983, Pages 573–613.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Nazism}}
{{Nazism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1928 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Nazi Party organizations]]
[[Category:Nazi Party organizations]]
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[[Category:Economy of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Economy of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Defunct trade unions of Germany]]
[[Category:Defunct trade unions of Germany]]
[[Category:Fascist trade unions]]

Latest revision as of 21:53, 29 May 2024

National Socialist Factory Cell Organization
Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation
SuccessorGerman Labour Front
Founded1928
DissolvedMay 1935
Members
300,000 (1931)
LeaderWalter Schuhmann
AffiliationsNazi Party
NSBO sleeve insignia

The National Socialist Factory Cell Organization (German: Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation, NSBO or NSBZO) was a workers organization in Nazi Germany.

In 1927, some NSDAP workers in large factories, located mostly in the Berlin area, joined as an alternative to social democratic and Christian labor unions. The NSBO was established in 1928 by these groups.[1]

On 15 January 1931, the NSBO was declared the "Reichsbetriebszellenabteilung" (Reich Factory Cell Department) within the Nazi Party Reichsleitung (National Leadership) and was placed under the leadership of Walter Schuhmann. At this time it had only 3,000 members.[2] It began to increase its membership by means of aggressive campaigns, which included both propaganda and violence, under the war-cry: "Hinein in die Betriebe!" (Into the Factories!), which was shortened to "Hib".[3]

The NSBO had overall little success among German organized workers, except in certain regions where they supported strikes, such as the 1932 Berlin transport strike. As a result of the "Hib" campaign, the NSBO increased its membership to only about 300,000 by the end of 1932,[2] while the Democratic and Christian labor unions had still well over 5 million members.[4]

Some sections of the NSBO had an ideology similar to National Bolshevism. They believed that after the "national revolution" occurred, a "social revolution" had to follow, to do away with the existing elites.[5] This attitude earned them sympathies in some places, like in Nordhorn, a textile industrial city in the county of Bentheim, where the NSBO defeated the formerly strong Communist labor unions in the industrial worker council elections in 1933.[6] The NSBO's methods then included using armed violence in order to offset a salary reduction in a particular factory.[7]

Uniforms for the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization and the German Labour Front, 1936.

After all non-Nazi trade unions were outlawed by decree on 2 May 1933, the NSBO became the only official workers' organization in Germany. This moment of glory, however, was short, for the German Labour Front (DAF) was established a few days later. More organized and better represented at national level, the DAF ended up absorbing the NSBO in 1935.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Reinhard Kühnl, Die nationalsozialistische Linke 1925–1930, Marburger Abhandlungen zur Politischen Wissenschaft Vol. 6, Meisenheim am Glan 1966.
  2. ^ a b Dobkowski, Michael N.; Wallimann, Isidor (1983). Towards the Holocaust: the social and economic collapse of the Weimar Republic. Praeger. p. 183. ISBN 0313227950.
  3. ^ Reinhard Giersch, Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation (NSBO) 1930 (1931)–1934 (1935), in Fricke, Dieter (Hrsg.), Lexikon zur Parteiengeschichte. Die bürgerlichen und kleinbürgerlichen Parteien und Verbände in Deutschland (1789–1945), Vol. 3, Leipzig 1985, Pages 454–459.
  4. ^ Volker Kratzenberg, Arbeiter auf dem Weg zu Hitler? Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Ihre Entstehung, ihre Programmatik, ihr Scheitern 1927–1934, Frankfurt/Bern/New York 1987.
  5. ^ Louis Dupeux, „Nationalbolschewismus“ in Deutschland 1919–1933. Kommunistische Strategie und konservative Dynamik, München 1985.
  6. ^ Werner Rohr, Nationalbolschewistische Tendenzen in der Nordhorner NSDAP, Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1987, Bad Bentheim 1987, Pages 107–112.
  7. ^ Helmut Lensing, Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation und die NS-Machtergreifung in der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1993 (= Das Bentheimer Land Vol 125), Bad Bentheim 1992, Pages 167–194.
  8. ^ Gunther Mai, Die Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation. Zum Verhältnis von Arbeiterschaft und Nationalsozialismus, VfZG 31. Jg. 1983, Pages 573–613.
  • Lore Heer-Kleinert, Die Gewerkschaftspolitik der KPD in der Weimarer Republik, Frankfurt/New York 1983.
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