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{{More citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
| name = National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
| name = National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
| seal =
| seal =
| logo =
| logo =
| formed =
| formed = 1966
| jurisdiction = [[Federal Government of the United States]]
| jurisdiction = [[Federal Government of the United States]]
| employees =
| employees =
| budget =
| budget =
| chief1_name = Dr. [[Lawrence A. Tabak ]]
| chief1_name = Dr. [[Richard Woychik]]
| chief1_position = Director
| chief1_position = Director
| chief2_name =
| chief2_name = Dr. Trevor K. Archer
| chief2_position =
| chief2_position = Deputy Director
| chief3_name =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
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| parent_department = [[Department of Health and Human Services]]
| parent_department = [[Department of Health and Human Services]]
| parent_agency = [[National Institutes of Health]]
| parent_agency = [[National Institutes of Health]]
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}}
}}
The '''National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences''' ('''NIEHS''') conducts research into the effects of the environment on human disease, as one of the 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH). It is located in the [[Research Triangle Park]] in [[North Carolina]], and is the only primary division of the NIH located outside of the [[Washington metropolitan area]].
The '''National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences''' ('''NIEHS''') conducts research into the effects of the environment on human disease, as one of the 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH). It is located in the [[Research Triangle Park]] in [[North Carolina]], and is the only primary division of the NIH located outside of the [[Washington metropolitan area]].

As an institute of the National Institutes of Health, the NIEHS supports environmental health research with the mission of reducing [[environmental disease]], advancing basic, [[environmental health]] and clinical science, and increasing the availability of researcher and worker training.


==Constitution==
==Constitution==
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is a part of the National Institutes of Health, which is in turn a part of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS).
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is a part of the National Institutes of Health, which is in turn a part of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2024 |title=HHS Agencies & Offices |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/hhs-agencies-and-offices/index.html |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref>


The [[mission statement|mission]] of the NIEHS is to "reduce the burden of human [[illness]] and [[disability]] by understanding how the [[Natural environment|environment]] influences the development and progression of [[human]] [[disease]]". NIEHS focuses on basic science, disease-oriented research, global environmental health, clinical research, and multidisciplinary training for researchers.
The [[mission statement|mission]] of the NIEHS is to "reduce the burden of human [[illness]] and [[disability]] by understanding how the [[Natural environment|environment]] influences the development and progression of [[human]] [[disease]]". NIEHS focuses on peer-reviewed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levinson |first=Daniel R. |author-link=Daniel R. Levinson |date=August 29, 2017 |title=As Funding for BPA Research Increased, NIEHS Followed Its Peer Review Process While Also Exercising Its Discretion |url=https://oig.hhs.gov/reports-and-publications/all-reports-and-publications/as-funding-for-bpa-research-increased-niehs-followed-its-peer-review-process-while-also-exercising-its-discretion/ |website=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General}}</ref> [[basic science]], disease-oriented research, global environmental health, clinical research, and multidisciplinary training for researchers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birnbaum |first=Linda S. |date=September 2018 |title=Moving NIEHS Forward for the Next Five Years |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |language=en |volume=126 |issue=9 |doi=10.1289/EHP4356 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=6375384 |pmid=30203991}}</ref>

NIEHS researchers and grantees have shown the deadly effects of [[asbestos]] exposure, the developmental impairment of children exposed to [[lead]] and the health effects of [[urban area|urban]] [[pollution]]. This is the laboratory of the 1994 co-recipient of the [[Nobel Prize]] in medicine, Dr. [[Martin Rodbell]]. Here scientists that same year had a key role in identifying the first [[breast cancer]] [[gene]], [[BRCA1]], and, in 1995, identified a gene that suppresses [[prostate cancer]]. Here is where [[Genetically modified mouse|genetically altered mice]] have been developed—to improve and shorten the screening of potential [[toxins]] and to help develop aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects.
NIEHS researchers and grantees have shown links between [[lung cancer]] and [[asbestos]] exposure, the developmental impairment of children exposed to [[lead]] and the health effects of [[urban area|urban]] [[pollution]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/health/materials/niehs_overview_508.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institutes of Health}}</ref> The 1994 co-recipient of the [[Nobel Prize]] in medicine, Dr. [[Martin Rodbell]], served as Scientific Director of the NIEHS from 1985 to 1989.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1999 |title=Martin rodbell obituary |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |language=en |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=A9 |doi=10.1289/ehp.107-1566302 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=1566302 |pmid=9872722}}</ref> Later on in 1994, NIEHS scientists assisted in identifying the first [[breast cancer]] [[gene]], [[BRCA1]], and, in 1995, identified a gene that suppresses [[prostate cancer]].<ref name=":1" /> Work by NIEHS researchers and grantees has resulted in the development of [[Genetically modified mouse|genetically altered mice]] to improve and shorten the screening of potential [[toxins]] and to help develop aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnette |first=Robin |date=January 2022 |title=2021 Papers of the year |url=https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/1/papers/papers-of-the-year |website=Environmental Factor}}</ref>


The Institute funds centers for environmental health studies at universities across the United States.
The Institute funds centers for environmental health studies at universities across the United States.
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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:NIEHS facility at RTP.png|thumb|NIEHS facility at Research Triangle Park]]
[[File:NIEHS facility at RTP.png|thumb|NIEHS facility at Research Triangle Park]]
In 1966, U.S. Surgeon General [[William H. Stewart]] helped to create a Division of Environmental Health Sciences within the NIH.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/3929/20171201191744/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |archive-date=2017-12-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> Three years later, the division became its own institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Past directors include Paul Kotin, [[David Rall]], Kenneth Olden, David A. Schwartz, and Linda Birnbaum.
In 1966, U.S. Surgeon General [[William H. Stewart]] helped to create a Division of Environmental Health Sciences within the NIH.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William H. Stewart (1965-1969) |url=https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/3929/20171201191744/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-12-01 |website=SurgeonGeneral.gov}}</ref> Three years later, the division became its own institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hawkins |first=Thomas R. |date=1987 |title=A History of Progress: NIEHS, The First 20 Years (1966 to 1986) |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=75 |pages=7–10 |doi=10.2307/3430569 |issn=0091-6765|doi-access=free |jstor=3430569 |pmid=3319568 }}</ref> Past directors include Paul Kotin, [[David Rall]], [[Kenneth Olden]], David A. Schwartz, and Linda Birnbaum.<ref name="WhatWeDo" />

== Directors ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!Portrait
!Directors
!Took office
!Left office
|-
|[[File:Paul Kotin.jpg|100px]]
|[[Paul Kotin]]<ref name="WhatWeDo">{{cite web|title=NIEHS Directors|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-institute-environmental-health-sciences-niehs|website=www.nih.gov|date=9 July 2015 }}</ref>
|November 1, 1966
|February 28, 1971
|-
|[[File:David Rall.jpg|100px]]
|[[David Rall]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|March 1, 1971
|October 1, 1990
|-
|[[File:Noimage.svg|100px]]
|David G. Hoel (acting)<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|October 1990
|June 1991
|-
|[[File:Kenneth Olden.jpg|100px]]
|[[Kenneth Olden]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|1991
|2005
|-
|[[File:David A. Schwartz.jpg|100px]]
|[[David A. Schwartz]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|May 22, 2005
|August 19, 2007
|-
|[[File:Acting NIEHS Director Samuel H. Wilson.jpg|100px]]
|Samuel H. Wilson (acting)<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|August 20, 2007
|December 2008
|-
|[[File:Birnbaum (NIEHS).jpg|100px]]
|[[Linda Birnbaum]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" />
|January 16, 2009
|October 3, 2019
|-
|[[File:Rick Woychik.jpg|100px]]
|[[Richard Woychik]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NIH names Rick Woychik Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|url=https://www.newswise.com/articles/nih-names-rick-woychik-director-of-the-national-institute-of-environmental-health-sciences|website=newswise.com}}</ref>
|June 7, 2020
|present
|-
|}


== Organization ==
== Organization ==
The NIEHS is one of 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), which is a component of the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] (DHHS). NIEHS is located on {{convert|375|acre|km2}} in [[Research Triangle Park]] (RTP), North Carolina. Its current director is Dr. Richard Woychik, who is also concurrently the director of the [[National Toxicology Program]]. The deputy director is Dr. Trevor Archer. The director of the NIEHS reports to the director of the NIH, of which the NIEHS is a member agency. Currently, Dr. Lawrence A. Tabak is the acting director of the NIH; he in turn reports to the secretary of the HHS, [[Xavier Becerra]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}
The NIEHS is one of 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), which is a component of the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS).<ref name=":0" /> NIEHS is located on {{convert|375|acre|km2}} in [[Research Triangle Park]] (RTP), North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=NIEHS Sustainability Report 2021 |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/about/assets/files/niehs_sustainability_report_2021_508.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences}}</ref> Its current director is Dr. Richard Woychik, who is also concurrently the director of the [[National Toxicology Program]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Eve |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Federal environmental health director lays out road map for environmental health sciences |url=https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/federal-environmental-health-director-lays-out-road-map-for-environmental-health-sciences/ |website=Yale School of Public Health}}</ref> The deputy director is Dr. Trevor Archer. The director of the NIEHS reports to the director of the NIH, of which the NIEHS is a member agency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIH Organizational Chart |url=https://oma.od.nih.gov/IC_Organization_Chart/NIH%20Organizational%20Chart.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institutes of Health}}</ref>


NIEHS is composed of:
NIEHS is composed of:
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* Division of the [[National Toxicology Program]], which is an interagency program headquartered at NIEHS
* Division of the [[National Toxicology Program]], which is an interagency program headquartered at NIEHS


== Notes and references ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 12:57, 6 May 2024

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Agency overview
Formed1966
JurisdictionFederal Government of the United States
Agency executives
Parent departmentDepartment of Health and Human Services
Parent agencyNational Institutes of Health
Websitewww.niehs.nih.gov

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) conducts research into the effects of the environment on human disease, as one of the 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is located in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina, and is the only primary division of the NIH located outside of the Washington metropolitan area.

As an institute of the National Institutes of Health, the NIEHS supports environmental health research with the mission of reducing environmental disease, advancing basic, environmental health and clinical science, and increasing the availability of researcher and worker training.

Constitution[edit]

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is a part of the National Institutes of Health, which is in turn a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).[1]

The mission of the NIEHS is to "reduce the burden of human illness and disability by understanding how the environment influences the development and progression of human disease". NIEHS focuses on peer-reviewed[2] basic science, disease-oriented research, global environmental health, clinical research, and multidisciplinary training for researchers.[3]

NIEHS researchers and grantees have shown links between lung cancer and asbestos exposure, the developmental impairment of children exposed to lead and the health effects of urban pollution.[4] The 1994 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in medicine, Dr. Martin Rodbell, served as Scientific Director of the NIEHS from 1985 to 1989.[5] Later on in 1994, NIEHS scientists assisted in identifying the first breast cancer gene, BRCA1, and, in 1995, identified a gene that suppresses prostate cancer.[4] Work by NIEHS researchers and grantees has resulted in the development of genetically altered mice to improve and shorten the screening of potential toxins and to help develop aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects.[6]

The Institute funds centers for environmental health studies at universities across the United States.

History[edit]

NIEHS facility at Research Triangle Park

In 1966, U.S. Surgeon General William H. Stewart helped to create a Division of Environmental Health Sciences within the NIH.[7] Three years later, the division became its own institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.[8] Past directors include Paul Kotin, David Rall, Kenneth Olden, David A. Schwartz, and Linda Birnbaum.[9]

Directors[edit]

Portrait Directors Took office Left office
Paul Kotin[9] November 1, 1966 February 28, 1971
David Rall[9] March 1, 1971 October 1, 1990
David G. Hoel (acting)[9] October 1990 June 1991
Kenneth Olden[9] 1991 2005
David A. Schwartz[9] May 22, 2005 August 19, 2007
Samuel H. Wilson (acting)[9] August 20, 2007 December 2008
Linda Birnbaum[9] January 16, 2009 October 3, 2019
Richard Woychik[10] June 7, 2020 present

Organization[edit]

The NIEHS is one of 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is a component of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).[1] NIEHS is located on 375 acres (1.52 km2) in Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina.[11] Its current director is Dr. Richard Woychik, who is also concurrently the director of the National Toxicology Program.[12] The deputy director is Dr. Trevor Archer. The director of the NIEHS reports to the director of the NIH, of which the NIEHS is a member agency.[13]

NIEHS is composed of:

  • Division of Intramural Research (DIR), which is research done at NIEHS
  • Division of Extramural Research and Training, which funds research conducted elsewhere
  • Division of the National Toxicology Program, which is an interagency program headquartered at NIEHS

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "HHS Agencies & Offices". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. March 12, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  2. ^ Levinson, Daniel R. (August 29, 2017). "As Funding for BPA Research Increased, NIEHS Followed Its Peer Review Process While Also Exercising Its Discretion". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General.
  3. ^ Birnbaum, Linda S. (September 2018). "Moving NIEHS Forward for the Next Five Years". Environmental Health Perspectives. 126 (9). doi:10.1289/EHP4356. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 6375384. PMID 30203991.
  4. ^ a b "The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" (PDF). National Institutes of Health. October 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  5. ^ "Martin rodbell obituary". Environmental Health Perspectives. 107 (1): A9. January 1999. doi:10.1289/ehp.107-1566302. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1566302. PMID 9872722.
  6. ^ Arnette, Robin (January 2022). "2021 Papers of the year". Environmental Factor.
  7. ^ "William H. Stewart (1965-1969)". SurgeonGeneral.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
  8. ^ Hawkins, Thomas R. (1987). "A History of Progress: NIEHS, The First 20 Years (1966 to 1986)". Environmental Health Perspectives. 75: 7–10. doi:10.2307/3430569. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3430569. PMID 3319568.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "NIEHS Directors". www.nih.gov. 9 July 2015.
  10. ^ "NIH names Rick Woychik Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences". newswise.com.
  11. ^ "NIEHS Sustainability Report 2021" (PDF). National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  12. ^ Liptak, Eve (March 27, 2024). "Federal environmental health director lays out road map for environmental health sciences". Yale School of Public Health.
  13. ^ "NIH Organizational Chart" (PDF). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved May 2, 2024.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences&oldid=1222523247"