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{{Short description|Former political party in Alabama}}
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The '''National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA)''' was a political party active in the state of Alabama that opposed the segregationist former governor George Wallace.
{{Infobox political party
| name = National Democratic Party
| colorcode = #0061fc
| foundation = [[1968 United States presidential election in Alabama|1968]]
| ideology = Anti-[[George Wallace]]<br>[[Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights]]<br>[[Desegregation in the United States|Desegregation]]<br>[[Liberalism in the United States|Liberalism]]<br>[[Modern liberalism in the United States|Social liberalism]]<br>[[Progressivism in the United States|Progressivism]]
| dissolved = 1982
| split = [[Alabama Democratic Party]]
| merged = [[Alabama Democratic Party]]
| national = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]
}}


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The '''National Democratic Party of Alabama''' ('''NDPA''') was a political party active in the [[United States|U.S.]] state of [[Alabama]] that opposed the [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregationist]] governor [[George Wallace]].
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==1968 Election==


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==1968 election==
During the [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968 Presidential election]], [[Alabama]]'s [[US Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] supported the former [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] [[George Wallace]] who was the Presidential nominee of the [[American Independent Party]]. The supporters of the national Democratic Party, the [[VPOTUS|Vice President]] [[Hubert Humphrey]] left the party to support the national slate.
During the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 presidential election]], Alabama's [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] supported the former [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] [[George Wallace]] who was the presidential nominee of the [[American Independent Party]]. Supporters of the national Democratic Party nominee, [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], left the party to support the national slate.


In 1968 led by [[John L. Cashin, Jr.]], a dentist from [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]] who had been active in the voter registration group the [[Alabama Democratic Conference]], Democrats loyal to Humphrey and national Democratic Party formed the NDPA as a vehicle to field a slate of electors pledged to him. Although national Democratic Party supported Humphrey, Wallace was put on ballot in his home state as official Democratic nominee.
In 1968 led by [[John L. Cashin, Jr.]], a dentist from [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]] who had been active in the voter registration group the [[Alabama Democratic Conference]], Democrats loyal to Humphrey and national Democratic Party formed the NDPA as a vehicle to field a slate of electors pledged to him and not to Wallace.<ref name=nyt1>{{cite news|title=Democrats Form Party In Alabama: Seek to Insure That National Nominees Get on Ballot|work=New York Times|date=December 10, 1967}}</ref> Although the national Democratic Party supported Humphrey, Wallace was put on the ballot in his home state as official Democratic nominee. Additionally, in 1964, the Democratic Party of Alabama's electors were [[Unpledged elector|unpledged]] instead of being pledged to [[Lyndon Johnson]], a moot point since Alabama voted in large numbers for [[Barry Goldwater]].


There were precedent for the behviour of the state party machinery such as when [[Dixiecrat]] [[Strom Thurmond]] was the Democratic nominee in 1948 in some southern states despite [[Harry S. Truman]] being the Democratic nominee. In 1964, the Democrat [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was not in ballot in Alabama, and an unpledged electors slate was officially nominated by Alabama's Democrats.
There were precedent for the behavior of the state party machinery such as when [[Dixiecrat]] [[Strom Thurmond]] was the Democratic nominee in 1948 in some southern states despite [[Harry S. Truman]] being the Democratic nominee. In 1960, Democrat [[John F. Kennedy]] was on the ballot, but the state was carried by a split slate in which most electors were unpledged, opting for Virginia Senator [[Harry F. Byrd]] in the electoral college. In 1964, the Democrat [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was not in ballot in Alabama, and an unpledged electors slate was officially nominated by Alabama's Democrats.


At the time, Alabama listed all the electors on the ballot but not the presidential candidate, so Democratic presidential candidate [[Hubert Humphrey]] was supported by the National Democratic slate (whose most popular elector won 54,144 votes) and an "Alabama Independent Democrat" slate (whose most popular elector won 142,435 votes). Wallace was supported by the Democratic Party of Alabama and unaffiliated American Independent electors (they were unaffiliated since the totals of different electors couldn't be added together). In the election for the US Senate, Democratic candidate [[James Allen (U.S. senator)|Jim Allen]] won 638,774 votes, to 201,227 votes for Republican Perry Hooper and 72,699 votes for National Democrat Robert P. Schwenn.
⚫
The Wallace ticked garnerred 65.86% of the Alabama vote, with Humphrey coming second with 18.72%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1912 Our Campaigns - AL US President Race - Nov 05, 1968<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

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Wallace garnered 65.86% of the Alabama vote, with Humphrey coming second with 18.72%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1912 Our Campaigns - AL US President Race - Nov 05, 1968<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Post 1968 activity==
==Post 1968 activity==


In 1970, [[John L. Cashin, Jr.|John Cashin]] ran as the NDPA candidate for governor against George Wallance,<ref>[http://collections.alabamamosaic.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/hmcpl1&CISOPTR=250&CISOBOX=1&REC=8 Huntsville Madison County Public Library : Item Viewer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> getting 15% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1518 National Democratic Party of Alabama], Encyclopedia of Alabama</ref>
During the [[1970 Alabama gubernatorial election]], [[John L. Cashin, Jr.|John Cashin]] ran as the NDPA candidate for governor against [[George Wallace]],<ref>[http://collections.alabamamosaic.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/hmcpl1&CISOPTR=250&CISOBOX=1&REC=8 Huntsville Madison County Public Library : Item Viewer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> getting 15% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1518 National Democratic Party of Alabama], Encyclopedia of Alabama</ref> Wallace was easily re-elected with 637,046 (74.51%) votes against Cashin who won only 125,491 (14.68%).

⚫
The American bald eagle was the symbol of the NDPA, which was often opposed by the Democratic Rooster in local Democratic elections.


NDPA candidates ran in many other statewide races, but never polled above 31% or won any statewide office until losing [[ballot access]] in 1982.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/PartyDetail.html?PartyID=274 OurCampaign]</ref>
⚫
The American Bald Eagle was the symbol of the NDPA, which was often opposed by the Democratic Rooster in local Democratic elections.


==Local politics==
==Local politics==


The party became a prominent voice for [[African American]] voting rights and an important player in local politics in Black-dominated communities such as [[Greene County, Alabama|Greene County]], [[Hale County, Alabama|Hale County]], [[Perry County, Alabama|Perry County]], [[Lowndes County, Alabama|Lowndes County]] and [[Dallas County, Alabama|Dallas County]], although it failed to make a lasting impact on state politics.<ref name="button">Button, James, review of ''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3816%28198202%2944%3A1%3C261%3ABPAPPA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G Black Parties and Political Power: A Case Study]'' by Hardy T. Frye, published in ''The Journal of Politics'', Vol. 44, No. 1. (Feb., 1982), pp. 261-263.</ref><ref name="vet">[http://www.crmvet.org/mem/hulett.htm Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement Veterans - John Hulett<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The party became a prominent voice for [[African American]] voting rights and an important player in local politics in Black-dominated communities such as [[Greene County, Alabama|Greene County]], [[Hale County, Alabama|Hale County]], [[Perry County, Alabama|Perry County]], [[Lowndes County, Alabama|Lowndes County]] and [[Dallas County, Alabama|Dallas County]], although it failed to make a lasting impact on state politics.<ref name="button">Button, James, review of ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2130303 Black Parties and Political Power: A Case Study]'' by Hardy T. Frye, published in ''The Journal of Politics'', Vol. 44, No. 1. (Feb., 1982), pp. 261-263.</ref><ref name="vet">[http://www.crmvet.org/mem/hulett.htm Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement Archive – John Hulett<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


The NDPA was able to get around hundred of local officials elected, especially in the Western parts of the state.<ref name="button"/><ref name="vet"/>
The NDPA was able to get around a hundred local officials elected, especially in the western part of the state.<ref name="button"/><ref name="vet"/> The political scientists [[Hanes Walton Jr.]] and William H. Boone cited the NDPA as an example of a successful sub-national African American political party.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hanes Walton Jr. |author-link1=Hanes Walton Jr. |author2=William H. Boone |s2cid=149175117 |title=Black political parties: A demographic analysis |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=86–95 |date=September 1974|doi=10.1177/002193477400500106 }}</ref>


The importance of the NDPA must be viewed in terms of the impact that it had on politics in the Alabama Black Belt. Probate Judge William McKinley Branch (1st Black Probate Judge in the nation) credits Cashin and the NDPA with his success. Branch's nephew, Sheriff without a Gun Thomas Gilmore (2nd elected Black Sheriff in the nation) credits Cashin and the NDPA with his success. Peter Kirksey, 1st Black member of the Greene County Board of Education, cites Cashin and the NDPA for his success. Even after the revolution of the mid-1960s that brought these pioneers to power in Greene County, the shadow of the eagles hovered over Greene County for a generation.
The importance of the NDPA must be viewed in terms of the impact that it had on politics in the Alabama Black Belt. A number of elected officials credited Cashin and the NDPA for their success including Probate Judge William McKinley Branch,<ref>1st Black Probate Judge in the nation</ref> Sheriff without a Gun Thomas Gilmore<ref>Branch's nephew and 2nd elected Black Sheriff in the nation</ref> and Peter Kirksey.<ref>1st Black member of the Greene County Board of Education</ref> Even after the revolution of the mid-1960s that brought these pioneers to power in Greene County, the shadow of the eagles hovered over [[Greene County, Alabama|Greene County]] for a generation.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Alabama Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Black political parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Political parties in Alabama]]
[[Category:Political parties in Alabama]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1968]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1968]]
[[Category:African-American history of Alabama‎]]
[[Category:African-American history of Alabama]]
[[Category:Regional and state political parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1982]]

Latest revision as of 04:33, 3 April 2024

National Democratic Party
Founded1968
Dissolved1982
Split fromAlabama Democratic Party
Merged intoAlabama Democratic Party
IdeologyAnti-George Wallace
Civil Rights
Desegregation
Liberalism
Social liberalism
Progressivism
National affiliationDemocratic Party

The National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA) was a political party active in the U.S. state of Alabama that opposed the segregationist governor George Wallace.

1968 election[edit]

During the 1968 presidential election, Alabama's Democratic Party supported the former Governor George Wallace who was the presidential nominee of the American Independent Party. Supporters of the national Democratic Party nominee, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, left the party to support the national slate.

In 1968 led by John L. Cashin, Jr., a dentist from Huntsville who had been active in the voter registration group the Alabama Democratic Conference, Democrats loyal to Humphrey and national Democratic Party formed the NDPA as a vehicle to field a slate of electors pledged to him and not to Wallace.[1] Although the national Democratic Party supported Humphrey, Wallace was put on the ballot in his home state as official Democratic nominee. Additionally, in 1964, the Democratic Party of Alabama's electors were unpledged instead of being pledged to Lyndon Johnson, a moot point since Alabama voted in large numbers for Barry Goldwater.

There were precedent for the behavior of the state party machinery such as when Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond was the Democratic nominee in 1948 in some southern states despite Harry S. Truman being the Democratic nominee. In 1960, Democrat John F. Kennedy was on the ballot, but the state was carried by a split slate in which most electors were unpledged, opting for Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd in the electoral college. In 1964, the Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson was not in ballot in Alabama, and an unpledged electors slate was officially nominated by Alabama's Democrats.

At the time, Alabama listed all the electors on the ballot but not the presidential candidate, so Democratic presidential candidate Hubert Humphrey was supported by the National Democratic slate (whose most popular elector won 54,144 votes) and an "Alabama Independent Democrat" slate (whose most popular elector won 142,435 votes). Wallace was supported by the Democratic Party of Alabama and unaffiliated American Independent electors (they were unaffiliated since the totals of different electors couldn't be added together). In the election for the US Senate, Democratic candidate Jim Allen won 638,774 votes, to 201,227 votes for Republican Perry Hooper and 72,699 votes for National Democrat Robert P. Schwenn.

Wallace garnered 65.86% of the Alabama vote, with Humphrey coming second with 18.72%.[2]

Post 1968 activity[edit]

During the 1970 Alabama gubernatorial election, John Cashin ran as the NDPA candidate for governor against George Wallace,[3] getting 15% of the vote.[4] Wallace was easily re-elected with 637,046 (74.51%) votes against Cashin who won only 125,491 (14.68%).

The American bald eagle was the symbol of the NDPA, which was often opposed by the Democratic Rooster in local Democratic elections.

NDPA candidates ran in many other statewide races, but never polled above 31% or won any statewide office until losing ballot access in 1982.[5]

Local politics[edit]

The party became a prominent voice for African American voting rights and an important player in local politics in Black-dominated communities such as Greene County, Hale County, Perry County, Lowndes County and Dallas County, although it failed to make a lasting impact on state politics.[6][7]

The NDPA was able to get around a hundred local officials elected, especially in the western part of the state.[6][7] The political scientists Hanes Walton Jr. and William H. Boone cited the NDPA as an example of a successful sub-national African American political party.[8]

The importance of the NDPA must be viewed in terms of the impact that it had on politics in the Alabama Black Belt. A number of elected officials credited Cashin and the NDPA for their success including Probate Judge William McKinley Branch,[9] Sheriff without a Gun Thomas Gilmore[10] and Peter Kirksey.[11] Even after the revolution of the mid-1960s that brought these pioneers to power in Greene County, the shadow of the eagles hovered over Greene County for a generation.[citation needed]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Democrats Form Party In Alabama: Seek to Insure That National Nominees Get on Ballot". New York Times. December 10, 1967.
  2. ^ Our Campaigns - AL US President Race - Nov 05, 1968
  3. ^ Huntsville Madison County Public Library : Item Viewer
  4. ^ National Democratic Party of Alabama, Encyclopedia of Alabama
  5. ^ OurCampaign
  6. ^ a b Button, James, review of Black Parties and Political Power: A Case Study by Hardy T. Frye, published in The Journal of Politics, Vol. 44, No. 1. (Feb., 1982), pp. 261-263.
  7. ^ a b Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement Archive – John Hulett
  8. ^ Hanes Walton Jr.; William H. Boone (September 1974). "Black political parties: A demographic analysis". Journal of Black Studies. 5 (1): 86–95. doi:10.1177/002193477400500106. S2CID 149175117.
  9. ^ 1st Black Probate Judge in the nation
  10. ^ Branch's nephew and 2nd elected Black Sheriff in the nation
  11. ^ 1st Black member of the Greene County Board of Education
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