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*MGB 314*, a Fairmile C, during World War II

A motor gunboat (MGB) was a small, mid-twentieth century high-speed military vessel armed, in contrast to the physically similar motor torpedo boats (MTBs), with a mix of guns instead of torpedoes. Their small size and high speed made them difficult targets for German E-boats, though, like these opponents, they were limited by heavy weather, when they did not provide a stable enough platform to aim the guns.^[1] The large number of guns meant the crew was relatively large, numbering as high as thirty men on the largest boats.

Description

MGBs were extremely heavily armed for vessels of their size. By 1945, MGB 658 carried two power-mounted QF 6-pounders in the A and Y turret positions, a twin 20 mm Oerlikon cannon in the X turret position, a single 20 mm Oerlikon on either side forward of the bridge and two twin .303 Vickers machine guns on the bridge wings. They were also equipped with smoke-making equipment, basic radar and depth charges.

Service

*MGB 66* at speed with the crew at action stations, off the coast of Scotland

In the early years of the war, they saw action defending shipping against enemy torpedo boats such as the German E-boats on the southern and eastern coasts of the UK. MGBs were also involved in the protection of shipping after D-Day.

In the Mediterranean, they were used offensively to sink Italian and German shipping. They were formed into flotillas which often operated alongside motor torpedo boats (or US PT boats)^[2] and helped interdict supplies being sent from Italy to Axis forces in North Africa in 1943. After this campaign, they moved northwards and assisted with the invasion of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Elba. From island bases they patrolled along the western coast of Italy attacking small coastal ships and E-boats until mid-1944. As Italy was progressively liberated, certain flotillas, such as the 56th, were sent around to the Adriatic to assist partisans in the islands off Yugoslavia.

They did not take the prefix HMS as they were boats, not ships, and instead used the prefix "HMMGB" on formal occasions. The crews generally referred to them by their numbers.

In 1947, MGB 2009 was fitted with a Metrovick gas turbine, thereby becoming the world's first gas turbine powered naval vessel.

Types

The gas turbine from *MGB 2009* (formerly *MGB 509*)

British Powerboats

BPB built 34 72-ft MGBs. Capable of 40 knots they carried a 2pdr gun for engaging other vessels with twin 20mm and two twin .303-in machine guns for defence from aircraft.

Camper and Nicholson built

Dimensions for the Camper and Nicholsons motor gunboats (MGB 502 to MGB 509)

Length: 117 ft 0 in (35.66 m)
Beam: 20 ft 3 in (6.17 m)
Draught: 4 ft 1 in (1.24 m)
Displacement: 95 tons
Propulsion: 3 × Paxman VRB diesel engines
Total power output: 3,000 bhp
Speed:
- Maximum: 28 knots (52 km/h)
- Continuous: 25 knots (46 km/h)
Complement: 21
Endurance: 2,000 nautical miles (4,000 km) at 11 knots (20 km/h)

Note: MGB 509 was powered by three Packard supercharged petrol engines giving a total output of 4,050 bhp (3,020 kW) and a maximum speed of 31 knots (27 knots continuous). Later re-numbered MGB 2009, this boat was fitted with a Metrovick gas turbine engine in 1947.

Elco

Elco built twelve 70 ft MGBs for the RN.

Higgins

Higgins built 12 70-ft MGBs and 15 82-ft MGBs.

Fairmile designs

Fairmile Marine produced designs for small craft for the Royal Navy but most construction was carried out in other yards. The Fairmile C motor gun boats were 110 ft (34 m) long boats.

For flexibility the following Fairmile D design (approx. 200 built) could be fitted out either as MGB or MTB. These equipped the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, and Royal Norwegian Navy.

Survivors

The only fully restored and operational example of a Royal Navy Coastal Forces MGB which saw active service in World War II is MGB-81.^[3] She was built by the British Power Boat Company, Hythe, launched in 1942, and served at the Normandy landings. She is now at Portsmouth.^[4]

References

^ Scott, Peter (1945). The Battle of the Narrow Seas: The History of Light Coastal Forces in the Channel and North Sea 1939-1945 (2009 Kindle ed.). Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978 1 84832 035 2.
^ Captain Robert J. Bulkley, Jr "Part VI The Mediterranean -- Torpedo War" At Close Quarters PT Boats in the United States Navy Naval History Division, Washington: 1962
^ Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust, "MGB81" Archived 23 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ National Historic Ships UK, "MGB 81", National Historic Ships UK. Retrieved 30 January 2017.

Bibliography

Motor Gunboat 658 LC Reynolds (Cassell Military Paperbacks, London, 2002) ISBN 0-304-36183-6

External links

[Scott-1] Scott, Peter (1945). The Battle of the Narrow Seas: The History of Light Coastal Forces in the Channel and North Sea 1939-1945 (2009 Kindle ed.). Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978 1 84832 035 2.

[2] Captain Robert J. Bulkley, Jr "Part VI The Mediterranean -- Torpedo War" At Close Quarters PT Boats in the United States Navy Naval History Division, Washington: 1962

[3] Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust, "MGB81" Archived 23 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust. Retrieved 30 January 2017.

[4] National Historic Ships UK, "MGB 81", National Historic Ships UK. Retrieved 30 January 2017.

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 == Survivors ==
-The only fully restored and operational example of a Royal Navy Coastal Forces MGB which saw active service in World War II is MGB-81.<ref>Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust, [http://www.coastalmotorboat.org.uk/mgb-81.htm "MGB81"], ''Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust''. Retrieved 30 January 2017.</ref> She was built by the [[British Power Boat Company]], Hythe, launched in 1942, and served at the Normandy landings. She is now at Portsmouth.<ref>National Historic Ships UK, [http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/register/524/mgb-81 "MGB 81"], ''National Historic Ships UK''. Retrieved 30 January 2017.</ref>
+The only fully restored and operational example of a Royal Navy Coastal Forces MGB which saw active service in World War II is MGB-81.<ref>Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust, [http://www.coastalmotorboat.org.uk/mgb-81.htm "MGB81"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223032846/http://www.coastalmotorboat.org.uk/mgb-81.htm |date=23 February 2018 }}, ''Coastal Motorboat Heritage Trust''. Retrieved 30 January 2017.</ref> She was built by the [[British Power Boat Company]], Hythe, launched in 1942, and served at the Normandy landings. She is now at Portsmouth.<ref>National Historic Ships UK, [http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/register/524/mgb-81 "MGB 81"], ''National Historic Ships UK''. Retrieved 30 January 2017.</ref>
 [[File:MGB-81 (1).JPG|right|thumb|''MGB-81'' in [[Beaulieu River]]]]

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