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{{Automatic_taxobox
{{Automatic_taxobox
| image = Mycteroperca fusca.jpg
| image = American food and game fishes (Plate (46)) BHL8309017.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Mycteroperca fusca]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Mycteroperca olfax]]'', the type species
| taxon = Mycteroperca
| taxon = Mycteroperca
| authority = [[Theodore Nicholas Gill|Gill]], 1863
| authority = [[Theodore Nicholas Gill|Gill]], 1863
| type_species = ''Serranus olfax''
| type_species_authority = [[Leonard Jenyns|Jenyns]], 1840<ref name = CofFG>{{Cof record | genid = 3028 | title = ''Mycteroperca'' | access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>
| synonyms = *'' Trisotropis'' <small>Gill, 1866</small>
| synonyms = *'' Trisotropis'' <small>Gill, 1866</small>
*''Parepinephelus'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1876</small>
*''Parepinephelus'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1876</small>
Line 11: Line 13:
}}
}}


'''''Mycteroperca''''' is a [[genus]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]], [[grouper]]s from the [[subfamily]] [[Epinephelinae]], part of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Serranidae]], which also includes the [[Anthiinae|anthias]] and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. They are important target species for fisheries.
'''''Mycteroperca''''' is a genus of [[fish]] in the family [[Serranidae]], subfamily [[Epinephelinae]] (groupers).

==Characteristics==
The fishes in the genus ''Mycteroperca'' have oblong bodies in which the depth of the body is less than the length of the head, which is a quarter to just under a third of the [[fish measurement|standard length]]. The length of the snout is noticeably longer than the diameter of the eye. The dorsal profile of the head is convex and the area between the eyes is also convex, having a width greater than the diameter of the eyes (in fish with a standard length greater than {{Convert|20|cm|in}}). The edges of the preopercle are serrated and the serrations at the bones angle may, or may not, be enlarged. The upper edge of gill cover is convex. The lower edge of upper jaw is straight near the joint and there is no knob, distinct step or hook present. The [[supramaxilla]] well developed. The lower jaw projects beyond the upper jaw and there are obvious canines in the front of both jaws while there are also teeth on roof of the mouth. In these fishes the [[dorsal fin]] contains 11 spines and 15 to 18 soft rays while the [[anal fin]] contains 3 spines and 10 to 13 soft rays, the central rays being longer than the others. The [[caudal fin]] may be truncate, emarginate or concave in shape and has 8 branched fin rays and 9 to 12 rays in its lower part which are placed further towards the margin. The scales along the flanks around the [[lateral line]] are [[ctenoid]].<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | author1 = Heemstra, P.C. | author2 = J.E. Randall | last-author-amp = yes | year = 1993 | title = FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date | publisher = FAO, Rome | series = FAO Fish. Synopsis | volume = 125 | issue = 16 | pages = 256–257 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/t0540e/t0540e37.pdf | isbn = 92-5-103125-8}}</ref>

==Habitat and biology==
''Mycteroperca'' are found in coral reefs and over rocky bottoms at depths between {{convert|12|and|200|m|ft}} as adults while juveniles are found in shallower rock habitats, in [[sea grass]] beds and in estuarine environments. The aadults are [[piscivory|piscivorous]], apart from the species in the ''rubra'' species complex which feed on [[zooplankton]]. The juveniles prey largely on [[crustacean]]s, although they will eat other invertebrates.<ref name = FAO/>

==Distribution==
''Mycteroperca'' groupers are mainly found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Ocean with two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name = FAO/>

==Utilisation==
The groupers in the genus ''Mycteroperca'' are valuable target species for both recreational and commercial fisheries.<ref name = FAO/>

==Taxonomy==
''Mycteroperca'' was named as a genus by the [[United States|American]] [[ichthyologist]] [[Theodore Nicholas Gill]] ((1837–1914)) with the [[type species being ''Serranus olfax''. This genus appears to be more closely related to the genus ''[[Epinephelus]]'' than they are to the other relatively speciose genus in the [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Epinephelini]], ''[[Cephalopholis]]''.<ref name = FAO/>


==Extant Species==
==Extant Species==
It contains the following species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{cite web | url = http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Mycteroperca | title = 15 Species of Family Serranidae with Genus ''Mycteroperca'' (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) | accessdate = 11 February 2017 | publisher = Fishbase | editor1 = R. Froese | editor2 = D. Pauly | year = 2016}}</ref>
It contains the following species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus| genus = ''Mycteroperca'' | month = December | year =2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
* ''[[Mycteroperca acutirostris]]'' <small>([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1828)</small> (Comb grouper)
|-
* ''[[Mycteroperca bonaci]] <small>([[Felipe Poey|Poey]], 1860) (Black grouper)</small>
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
* ''[[Mycteroperca cidi]]'' <small>[[Fernando Cervigón|Cervigón]], 1966</small> (Venezualan grouper)
|-
* ''[[Mycteroperca fusca]]'' <small>[[Richard Turner Lowe|Lowe]], 1838</small> (Island grouper)
|[[File:Mycteroperca bonaci RZPG.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca bonaci]]'' || [[Black grouper]] || western Atlantic Ocean, from Massachusetts, United States, in the north to southern Brazil, but is particularly associated with the southern Gulf of Mexico, the Florida Keys, the Bahamas and the Caribbean
* ''[[Mycteroperca interstitialis]]'' <small>(Poey, 1860)</small> (Yellowmouth grouper)
|-
|||''[[Mycteroperca cidi]]'' || [[Venezuelan grouper]] || Venezuela
* ''[[Mycteroperca jordani]]'' <small>([[Oliver Peebles Jenkins|Jenkins]] & Evermann, 1889)</small> (Gulf grouper)
* ''[[Mycteroperca microlepis]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1879)</small> (Gag grouper)
|-
* ''[[Mycteroperca olfax]]'' <small>([[Leonard Jenyns|Jenyns]], 1840)</small> (Sailfin grouper)
|||''[[Mycteroperca jordani]]'' || [[Gulf grouper]] || Eastern Central Pacific from Southern La Jolla, California, which is in the United States to Mazitlan, Mexico
* ''[[Mycteroperca phenax]]'' <small>Jordan & [[Joseph Swain|Swain]], 1884</small> (Scamp)
|-
* ''[[Mycteroperca prionura]]'' <small>[[Richard H. Rosenblatt|Rosenblatt]] & [[Bernard J. Zahuranec|Zahuranec]], 1967</small> (Sawtail grouper)
|[[File:Baltimore Aquarium - Mycteroperca microlepis - 05.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca microlepis]]'' || [[Gag grouper]] ||West Atlantic, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
* ''[[Mycteroperca rosacea]]'' <small>([[Thomas Hale Streets|Streets]], 1877)</small> (Leopard grouper)
|-
|||''[[Mycteroperca olfax]]'' || [[Sailfin grouper]] || Ecuador.
* ''[[Mycteroperca rubra]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], 1793)</small> (Mottled grouper)
* ''[[Mycteroperca tigris]]'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1833)</small> (Tiger grouper)
|-
|[[File:Sawtail Grouper.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca prionura]]'' || [[Sawtail grouper]] ||Mexico
* ''[[Mycteroperca venenosa]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> (Yellowfin grouper)
* ''[[Mycteroperca xenarcha]]'' <small>Jordan, 1888</small> (Broomtail grouper)
|-

|||''[[Mycteroperca rosacea]]'' || [[Leopard grouper]] ||Eastern Central Pacific
===Gallery===
|-
Some species in the genus ''Mycteroperca'':
|[[File:Mycteroperca rubra.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca rubra]]'' || [[Mottled grouper]] || Albania, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malta, Mauritania, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, and Western Sahara.

|-
<gallery>
|[[File:Tiger grouper.JPG|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca tigris]]'' || [[Tiger grouper]] ||north-western Atlantic Ocean
File:Mycteroperca bonaci RZPG.jpg|Black grouper ''Mycteroperca bonaci''
|-
|[[File:Mycteropercaxenarcha.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca xenarcha]]'' || [[Broomtail grouper]] ||eastern Pacific along the western coast of the Americas from California to Peru.
File:Mycteropercaxenarcha.jpg|Broomtail grouper ''Mycteroperca xenarcha''
⚫
File:Mycteroperca fusca.jpg|Island grouper ''Mycteroperca fusca''
|-
|[[File:Mycteroperca venenosa.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca venenosa]]'' || [[Yellowfin grouper]] ||western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico
File:Mycteroperca venenosa.jpg|Yellowfin grouper ''Mycteroperca venenosa''
File:Mycteroperca rubra.jpg|Mottled grouper ''Mycteroperca rubra''
|-
</gallery>
|[[File:Juvenile scamp ( Mycteroperca phenax ) NOAA.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca phenax]]'' || [[Scamp grouper]] ||eastern Gulf of Mexico
|-
|[[File:Sanc0487 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca interstitialis]]'' || [[Yellowmouth grouper]] ||the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean
|-
|||''[[Mycteroperca acutirostris]]'' || [[Comb grouper]] || western Atlantic Ocean
|-
⚫
|[[File:Mycteroperca fusca.jpg|120px]]||''[[Mycteroperca fusca]]'' || [[Island grouper]] || eastern Atlantic
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Epinephelini]]
[[Category:Epinephelini]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]


{{Serranidae-stub}}

Revision as of 10:20, 22 July 2020

Mycteroperca
Mycteroperca olfax, the type species
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Tribe: Epinephelini
Genus: Mycteroperca
Gill, 1863
Type species
Serranus olfax
Jenyns, 1840[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Trisotropis Gill, 1866
  • Parepinephelus Bleeker, 1876
  • Archoperca Jordan and Evermann, 1896
  • Xystroperca Jordan and Evermann, 1896

Mycteroperca is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. They are important target species for fisheries.

Characteristics

The fishes in the genus Mycteroperca have oblong bodies in which the depth of the body is less than the length of the head, which is a quarter to just under a third of the standard length. The length of the snout is noticeably longer than the diameter of the eye. The dorsal profile of the head is convex and the area between the eyes is also convex, having a width greater than the diameter of the eyes (in fish with a standard length greater than 20 centimetres (7.9 in)). The edges of the preopercle are serrated and the serrations at the bones angle may, or may not, be enlarged. The upper edge of gill cover is convex. The lower edge of upper jaw is straight near the joint and there is no knob, distinct step or hook present. The supramaxilla well developed. The lower jaw projects beyond the upper jaw and there are obvious canines in the front of both jaws while there are also teeth on roof of the mouth. In these fishes the dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15 to 18 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 10 to 13 soft rays, the central rays being longer than the others. The caudal fin may be truncate, emarginate or concave in shape and has 8 branched fin rays and 9 to 12 rays in its lower part which are placed further towards the margin. The scales along the flanks around the lateral line are ctenoid.[3]

Habitat and biology

Mycteroperca are found in coral reefs and over rocky bottoms at depths between 12 and 200 metres (39 and 656 ft) as adults while juveniles are found in shallower rock habitats, in sea grass beds and in estuarine environments. The aadults are piscivorous, apart from the species in the rubra species complex which feed on zooplankton. The juveniles prey largely on crustaceans, although they will eat other invertebrates.[3]

Distribution

Mycteroperca groupers are mainly found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Ocean with two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.[3]

Utilisation

The groupers in the genus Mycteroperca are valuable target species for both recreational and commercial fisheries.[3]

Taxonomy

Mycteroperca was named as a genus by the American ichthyologist Theodore Nicholas Gill ((1837–1914)) with the [[type species being Serranus olfax. This genus appears to be more closely related to the genus Epinephelus than they are to the other relatively speciose genus in the tribe Epinephelini, Cephalopholis.[3]

Extant Species

It contains the following species:[4]

Gallery

Some species in the genus Mycteroperca:

  • Black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci
    Black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci
  • Broomtail grouper Mycteroperca xenarcha
    Broomtail grouper Mycteroperca xenarcha
  • Island grouper Mycteroperca fusca
    Island grouper Mycteroperca fusca
  • Yellowfin grouper Mycteroperca venenosa
    Yellowfin grouper Mycteroperca venenosa
  • Mottled grouper Mycteroperca rubra
    Mottled grouper Mycteroperca rubra

References

  1. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Mycteroperca". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Epinephelinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Heemstra, P.C.; J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 256–257. ISBN 92-5-103125-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Mycteroperca Species of 'Mycteroperca' in FishBase. December 2019 version.
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