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The '''31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division'''{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=9}} ({{lang-de|31. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division)}}<ref>Official designation in the German language according to the "Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv" in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], the archives of the [[Wehrmacht]] and [[Waffen-SS]].</ref> ({{lang-hu|31. SS Önkéntes Gránátos Hadosztály)}}{{sfn | ''arcanum.com''}} ({{lang-sr|31. Dobrovoljačka Grenadirska SS Divizija)}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=56}} was a German [[infantry]] [[Division (military)|division]] of the [[Waffen-SS]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]], commanded by [[Brigadeführer|SS-Brigadeführer]], [[Gustav Lombard]].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=19}} The division was formed of [[Germans|German]], [[Hungarians|Hungarian]], [[Serbians|Serbian]] and other ''[[Volksdeutsche]]'' (ethnic Germans), mostly from the [[Bačka|Batschka]] region.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=15}} In addition to this, it was formed from the German personnel and equipment from the dissolved [[23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)|23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 'Kama']].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=30}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=31}} By October 26th, 1944, [[Army Group South]] deployed the division to the frontlines to assist in securing the [[Danube]], despite its complete lack of heavy weapons, inadequate training and weaponry.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=138}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=144}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=262}}
The '''31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division'''{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=9}} ({{lang-de|31. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division)}}<ref>Official designation in the German language according to the "Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv" in [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], the archives of the [[Wehrmacht]] and [[Waffen-SS]].</ref> ({{lang-hu|31. SS Önkéntes Gránátos Hadosztály)}}{{sfn | ''arcanum.com''}} ({{lang-sr|31. Dobrovoljačka Grenadirska SS Divizija)}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=56}} was a German [[infantry]] [[Division (military)|division]] of the [[Waffen-SS]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]], commanded by [[Brigadeführer|SS-Brigadeführer]], [[Gustav Lombard]].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=19}} The division was formed of [[Germans|German]], [[Hungarians|Hungarian]], [[Serbians|Serbian]] and other ''[[Volksdeutsche]]'' (ethnic Germans), mostly from the [[Bačka|Batschka]] region.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=15}} In addition to this, it was formed from the German personnel and equipment from the dissolved [[23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)|23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 'Kama']].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=30}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=31}} By October 26th, 1944, [[Army Group South]] deployed the division to the frontlines to assist in securing the [[Danube]], despite its complete lack of heavy weapons, inadequate training and weaponry.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=138}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=144}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=262}} During the division’s stay in [[Styria|Lower Styria]], an order from the 16th of January 1945 reorganised the division from a Type 1944 division into a Type 1945 division.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=304}} A month later on the 17th of February, orders were given for the immediate transfer of the division to [[Silesia]] in the [[Görlitz]] area in preparation for an upcoming offensive operation.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=321}} Portions of the division were still under the [[17th Army (Wehrmacht)|17th Army's]] command in the [[Hirschberg, Thuringia|Hirschberg]] region, incorporated into their order of battle as [[Military reserve force|army reservists]].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=344}}


During the division’s stay in [[Styria|Lower Styria]], an order from the 16th of January 1945 reorganised the division from a Type 1944 division into a Type 1945 division.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=304}} A month later on the 17th of February, orders were given for the immediate transfer of the division to [[Silesia]] in the [[Görlitz]] area in preparation for an upcoming offensive operation.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=321}} Portions of the division were still under the [[17th Army (Wehrmacht)|17th Army's]] command in the [[Hirschberg, Thuringia|Hirschberg]] region, incorporated into their order of battle as [[Military reserve force|army reservists]].{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=344}} By May 1945, the escalating pressure from the advancing [[Red Army]] led to the division being encircled, lacking support and being outnumbered causing the remaining components to retreat to try and escape. The division's main body elements from the 78th, 89th and 80th Grenadier Regiments, along with the Pioneer and Nachrichten Battalions, and more headed South from [[Josefov Fortress|Josefstadt]] to the general direction of [[Hradec Králové|Königgrätz]], however, due to a shortage of fuel they were prevented from moving any further in that direction.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=423}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=427}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=428}} In accordance with orders, the unit formally dissolved and most small groups or individuals would eventually be forced by the Czechs to surrender.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=427}} The Czechs instituted a formal hunt for German soldiers, especially for members of the [[Waffen-SS]]. The vengeful actions of the Czech insurgents seeking retribution, coupled with Soviet captivity, inflicted even greater casualties with the division suffering around 4,000 casualties being killed in action, missing or murdered during the last two days of the war and first few days after the war had officially ended on Czech territory.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=430}}
By May 1945, the escalating pressure from the advancing [[Red Army]] led to the division being encircled, lacking support and being outnumbered causing the remaining components to retreat to try and escape. The division's main body elements from the 78th, 89th and 80th Grenadier Regiments, along with the Pioneer and Nachrichten Battalions, and more headed South from [[Josefov Fortress|Josefstadt]] to the general direction of [[Hradec Králové|Königgrätz]], however, due to a shortage of fuel they were prevented from moving any further in that direction.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=423}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=427}}{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=428}} In accordance with orders, the unit formally dissolved and most small groups or individuals would eventually be forced by the Czechs to surrender.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=427}} The Czechs instituted a formal hunt for German soldiers, especially for members of the [[Waffen-SS]]. The vengeful actions of the Czech insurgents seeking retribution, coupled with Soviet captivity, inflicted even greater casualties with the division suffering around 4,000 casualties being killed in action, missing or murdered during the last two days of the war and first few days after the war had officially ended on Czech territory.{{sfn | Pencz | 2010 | p=430}}


[[File:Gustav Lombard.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Photograph of the division commander, [[Brigadeführer|SS-Brigadeführer]] [[Gustav Lombard]] from March 1943.|alt=German officer in uniform]]
[[File:Gustav Lombard.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Photograph of the division commander, [[Brigadeführer|SS-Brigadeführer]] [[Gustav Lombard]] from March 1943.|alt=German officer in uniform]]

Revision as of 18:55, 6 January 2024

31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division
31. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division
31. SS-Önkéntes-Gránátos-Hadosztály
31. Dobrovoljačka-Grenadirska-SS-Divizija
Divisional symbol of the 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division, used as early as November 1944[1]
Active4th October 1944 – 8th May 1945[2]
Country Nazi Germany
Branch Waffen-SS
TypeGrenadier
RoleInfantry
Size14,800 (4th November 1944)[3]
11,000 (16th December 1944)[4][5]
Nickname(s)‘Division Batschka’ [6]
(Hungarian: Bácska-Hadoszály)[6] (Serbian: Bačka Divizija)
‘Division Lombard’[6][7]
‘Kukuruz Division’[6]
Motto(s)"Meine Ehre heißt Treue!"
Engagements
Commanders
Notable
commanders
[2]

The 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division[8] (German: 31. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division)[9] (Hungarian: 31. SS Önkéntes Gránátos Hadosztály)[10] (Serbian: 31. Dobrovoljačka Grenadirska SS Divizija)[11] was a German infantry division of the Waffen-SS during the Second World War, commanded by SS-Brigadeführer, Gustav Lombard.[2] The division was formed of German, Hungarian, Serbian and other Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans), mostly from the Batschka region.[12] In addition to this, it was formed from the German personnel and equipment from the dissolved 23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 'Kama'.[13][14] By October 26th, 1944, Army Group South deployed the division to the frontlines to assist in securing the Danube, despite its complete lack of heavy weapons, inadequate training and weaponry.[15][16][17] During the division’s stay in Lower Styria, an order from the 16th of January 1945 reorganised the division from a Type 1944 division into a Type 1945 division.[18] A month later on the 17th of February, orders were given for the immediate transfer of the division to Silesia in the Görlitz area in preparation for an upcoming offensive operation.[19] Portions of the division were still under the 17th Army's command in the Hirschberg region, incorporated into their order of battle as army reservists.[20]

By May 1945, the escalating pressure from the advancing Red Army led to the division being encircled, lacking support and being outnumbered causing the remaining components to retreat to try and escape. The division's main body elements from the 78th, 89th and 80th Grenadier Regiments, along with the Pioneer and Nachrichten Battalions, and more headed South from Josefstadt to the general direction of Königgrätz, however, due to a shortage of fuel they were prevented from moving any further in that direction.[21][22][23] In accordance with orders, the unit formally dissolved and most small groups or individuals would eventually be forced by the Czechs to surrender.[22] The Czechs instituted a formal hunt for German soldiers, especially for members of the Waffen-SS. The vengeful actions of the Czech insurgents seeking retribution, coupled with Soviet captivity, inflicted even greater casualties with the division suffering around 4,000 casualties being killed in action, missing or murdered during the last two days of the war and first few days after the war had officially ended on Czech territory.[24]

German officer in uniform
Photograph of the division commander, SS-Brigadeführer Gustav Lombard from March 1943.

Order of Battle

The 31st SS Division was created by combining the 23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS 'Kama' and the conscription of Volksdeutsche in the Batschka region, primarily in Hungary after the third drive of recruitment in 1944 which saw the Hungarian government withdraw their control over its German minority’s.[2][13][25][4] The formation order issued on the 4th of September, 1944 shows that the Order of Battle was of a typical German-horse-drawn division.[26] The division assumed the form of what the Germans designated as a "Type 1944 Infantry Division", which was partially motorised but still mostly horse-drawn, possessing three infantry regiments comprising three battalions and about 100 artillery pieces.[2] The order decreed that the division was to be organised as follows:[27] [28]

Division Staff
  • Motorised Mapping Office
  • SS Field Police Troop 31 (Partially motorised)
SS Volunteer Grenadier Regiment 78
  • Regimental Staff
  • Staff Company
  • I Battalion with 1st-4th Grenadier Companies
  • II Battalion with 5th-8th Grenadier Companies
  • III Battalion with 9th-12th Grenadier Companies
  • 13th Infantry Gun Company (2 heavy and 6 light mortars)
  • 14th Panzerzerstörer Company (1 motorised Panzerjäger platoon with 3 x 7.5cm anti-tank guns, and 2 Panzerzerstörer platoons)
SS Volunteer Grenadier Regiment 79
  • Regimental Staff
  • Staff Company
  • I Battalion with 1st-4th Grenadier Companies
  • II Battalion with 5th-8th Grenadier Companies
  • III Battalion with 9th-12th Grenadier Companies
  • 13th Infantry Gun Company (2 heavy and 6 light mortars)
  • 14th Panzerzerstörer Company (1 motorised Panzerjäger platoon with 3 x 7.5cm anti-tank guns, and 2 Panzerzerstörer platoons)
SS Volunteer Grenadier Regiment 80
  • Regimental Staff
  • Staff Company
  • I Battalion with 1st-4th Grenadier Companies
  • II Battalion with 5th-8th Grenadier Companies
  • III Battalion with 9th-12th Grenadier Companies
  • 13th Infantry Gun Company (2 heavy and 6 light mortars)
  • 14th Panzerzerstörer Company (1 motorised Panzerjäger platoon with 3 x 7.5cm anti-tank guns, and 2 Panzerzerstörer platoons)
SS Volunteer Artillery Regiment 31
  • Regimental Staff
  • Staff Battery
  • I Abteilung with Staff Battery and 1st-3rd Batteries (Each with 4 x 10.5cm light field howitzers)
  • II Abteilung with Staff Battery and 4th-6th Batteries (Each with 4 x 10.5cm light field howitzers)
  • III Abteilung with Staff Battery and 7th-9th Batteries (Each with 4 x 10.5cm light field howitzers)
  • IV Abteilung with Staff Battery and 10th-12th Batteries (Each with 4 x 15cm heavy field howitzers)
SS Volunteer Panzerjäger Abteilung 31
  • Staff Company
  • Mixed Staff Company
  • 1st Motorised Panzerjäger Company (9-12 guns)
  • 2nd Sturmgeschütz Company (10-14 guns, also known as a Sturmgeschütz Abteilung)
  • 3rd Flak Company (12 x 2cm self-propelled guns)
SS Volunteer Verwaltungstruppen Abteilung 31
  • Staff Company (Motorised)
  • SS Bakery Company 31 (Motorised)
  • SS Butchery Company 31 (Motorised)
  • SS Administrative Company 31 (Motorised)
  • SS Field Post Office 31 (Motorised)
SS Volunteer Fusilier Battalion 31
  • Staff Company
  • 1st Motorcycle Company
  • 2nd-3rd Fusilier Companies (Bicycles)
  • 4th (Heavy Weapons) Company
SS Volunteer Nachrichten Battalion 31
  • Staff Company(Partially motorised with a messenger dog section)
  • 1st Telephone Company (Partially motorised)
  • 2nd Radio Company (Motorised)
  • Supplies section (Partially motorised, also known as a Light Signals Column)
SS Volunteer Supply Abteilung 31
  • Staff, Commander Divisional Supply Troops (Partially motorised)
  • 1st and 2nd Supply Columns (Motorised, also known as Motor Vehicle Companies)
  • 3rd and 4th Supply Columns (Horse-drawn, also known as Supply Squadrons)
  • SS Volunteer Supply Company
SS Volunteer Medical Abteilung 31
  • Staff Company
  • 1st SS Volunteer Medical Company 31
  • 2nd SS Volunteer Medical Company 31 (Motorised)
  • SS Volunteer Motor Ambulance Company 31 (Motorised)
SS Volunteer Feldersatz Battalion 31
  • Staff Company
  • 1st-5th Companies
  • Supplies Company
SS Volunteer Veterinary Company 31
  • 1st SS Veterinary Company 31
  • 2nd SS Veterinary Company 31
SS Volunteer Pioneer Battalion 31
  • Staff Company
  • 1st-3rd Pioneer Companies (Partially equipped with bicycles)
SS Volunteer Motor Vehicle Workshop Company 31 (Motorised)

Uniforms & Insignia

External Links

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 22.
  2. ^ a b c d e Pencz 2010, p. 19.
  3. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 145.
  4. ^ a b Pencz 2010, p. 264.
  5. ^ Munoz 1991, p. 367.
  6. ^ a b c d Pencz 2010, p. 21.
  7. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 123.
  8. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 9.
  9. ^ Official designation in the German language according to the "Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv" in Freiburg im Breisgau, the archives of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  10. ^ arcanum.com.
  11. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 56.
  12. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 15.
  13. ^ a b Pencz 2010, p. 30.
  14. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 31.
  15. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 138.
  16. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 144.
  17. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 262.
  18. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 304.
  19. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 321.
  20. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 344.
  21. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 423.
  22. ^ a b Pencz 2010, p. 427.
  23. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 428.
  24. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 430.
  25. ^ Mitcham 2007, p. 32.
  26. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 40.
  27. ^ Pencz 2010, p. 41.
  28. ^ Mitcham 2007, p. 229.

Bibliography

  • Munoz, A.J. (1991). Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS. Axis Europa Books. ISBN 978-0-7394-0817-9. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
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