1st Corps (Iraq): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military unit |
{{Infobox military unit |
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| unit_name = |
| unit_name = 1st Corps<br/>الفيلق الأول |
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| image = File:Flag of Iraq.svg |
| image = File:Flag of Iraq.svg |
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| alt = A black circle outline with a smaller, filled in black circle inside it. |
| alt = A black circle outline with a smaller, filled in black circle inside it. |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| start_date = |
| start_date = |
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| dates = |
| dates = 1980–2003<br>2003-present |
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| country = |
| country = [[Iraq]] |
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| allegiance = |
| allegiance = |
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| branch = {{army|Iraq}} |
| branch = {{army|Iraq}} |
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| type = [[Corps]] |
| type = [[Corps]] |
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| role = |
| role = |
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| size = |
| size = |
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| command_structure = [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] |
| command_structure = [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] |
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| current_commander = |
| current_commander = |
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| current_commander_label = |
| current_commander_label = |
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| commander2 = |
| commander2 = |
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| commander2_label = |
| commander2_label = |
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| garrison = [[Al-Harir Air Base]] |
| garrison = [[Erbil]] |
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*[[Al-Harir Air Base]] |
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*[[Bamarni Air Base]] |
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| ceremonial_chief = |
| ceremonial_chief = |
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| nickname = |
| nickname = |
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| patron = |
| patron = |
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| motto = |
| motto = |
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| mascot = |
| mascot = |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| ⚫ | |||
| battles = [[World War II]]<br/>[[Iraqi invasion of Iran]]<br/>[[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]]<br/>[[Gulf War]]<br/>[[Iraq War]]<br/>[[International military intervention against ISIL]] |
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*[[Iraqi invasion of Iran]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
*[[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] |
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*[[Gulf War]] |
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*[[Iraq War]] |
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| notable_commanders = [[Mustafa Al-Kadhimi]] |
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| anniversaries = |
| anniversaries = |
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| identification_symbol = |
| identification_symbol = |
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| identification_symbol_1 = |
| identification_symbol_1 = |
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| identification_symbol_2 = |
| identification_symbol_2 = |
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| identification_symbol_2_label = |
| identification_symbol_2_label = |
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| identification_symbol_3 = |
| identification_symbol_3 = |
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| identification_symbol_3_label = Flag |
| identification_symbol_3_label = Flag |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''1st Corps''' |
The '''1st Corps''' is a [[corps (military)|corps]] of the [[Iraqi Army]], established before the [[Iran–Iraq War]], located in [[Kurdistan Region]]. |
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In 1977–78 British military attaches' reports from Baghdad said the [[4th Infantry Division (Iraq)|4th Infantry Division]] was part of the corps, with divisional headquarters at [[Mosul]] and brigades at Mosul (5th), Dohuk (18th), [[Sinjar]] (21st), plus two unlocated reserve brigades, the 93rd and 99th.<ref>Annual Report on the Iraqi Armed Forces, FCO 8/3108, [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]].</ref> Other divisions of the corps reportedly included the [[2nd Division (Iraq)|2nd Division]] at [[Kirkuk]] with five brigades, including two reserve; the [[7th Division (Iraq)|7th Division]] at [[Sulaimaniyah]] with five brigades (all active); and the [[8th Division (Iraq)|8th Division]] at [[Erbil]] with six brigades, including the 91st, 95th, and 98th Reserve Brigades. |
In 1977–78 British military attaches' reports from Baghdad said the [[4th Infantry Division (Iraq)|4th Infantry Division]] was part of the corps, with divisional headquarters at [[Mosul]] and brigades at Mosul (5th), Dohuk (18th), [[Sinjar]] (21st), plus two unlocated reserve brigades, the 93rd and 99th.<ref>Annual Report on the Iraqi Armed Forces, FCO 8/3108, [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]].</ref> Other divisions of the corps reportedly included the [[2nd Division (Iraq)|2nd Division]] at [[Kirkuk]] with five brigades, including two reserve; the [[7th Division (Iraq)|7th Division]] at [[Sulaimaniyah]] with five brigades (all active); and the [[8th Division (Iraq)|8th Division]] at [[Erbil]] with six brigades, including the 91st, 95th, and 98th Reserve Brigades. |
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At the beginning of the [[Iran–Iraq War]], Malovany shows corps headquarters at [[Kirkuk]]; the 11th Infantry Division with elements north of the Ranwanduz |
At the beginning of the [[Iran–Iraq War]], Malovany shows corps headquarters at [[Kirkuk]]; the 11th Infantry Division with elements north of the Ranwanduz – Rayat road; and the 7th Infantry Division advancing from its bases at Sulaimaniyah towards the border between Penjwin and Sayid Sadiq.<ref>{{cite book|last=Malovany|first=Pesach|title=Wars of Modern Babylon|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|date=June 2017|isbn=978-0813169439|page=112}}.</ref> |
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Ahead of [[Operation Dawn-4]], units of the 1st Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and [[Peshmerga]] guerrillas of the [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] took {{convert|250|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin. [[Saddam Hussein]] responded with a counterattack, using the [[Iraqi Republican Guard]] and [[poison gas]]. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters. |
Ahead of [[Operation Dawn-4]], units of the 1st Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and [[Peshmerga]] guerrillas of the [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] took {{convert|250|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin. [[Saddam Hussein]] responded with a counterattack, using the [[Iraqi Republican Guard]] and [[poison gas]]. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters. |
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The anti-Kurdish [[Anfal campaign]] was mounted between February and September 1988. While the Anfal campaign may have been initially conceived by the Iraqi government as a purely military campaign to destroy an insurgent movement, Kurds were killed for being Kurds, and it became ethnicised. The 1st Corps, under Lieutenant General [[Sultan Hashem]], at Kirkuk, handled most Anfal operations, alongside the 5th Corps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/1corps.htm|title = I Corps}}</ref> |
The anti-Kurdish [[Anfal campaign]] was mounted between February and September 1988. While the Anfal campaign may have been initially conceived by the Iraqi government as a purely military campaign to destroy an insurgent movement, Kurds were killed for being Kurds, and it became ethnicised. The 1st Corps, under Lieutenant General [[Sultan Hashem]], at Kirkuk, handled most Anfal operations, alongside the 5th Corps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/1corps.htm|title = I Corps}}</ref> |
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Units were transferred south out of the 1st Corps to build up Iraqi forces in the south after the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in 1990. |
Units were transferred south out of the 1st Corps to build up Iraqi forces in the south after the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in 1990. In 1991 the "Iraqi I Corps controlled two infantry divisions, several independent mechanized brigades, and an elite special assault |
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brigade. These forces were stationed in or near Dohuk Province."<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Ronald J.|title=With Marines in Operation Provide Comfort: Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq, 1991|publisher=History and Museums Division HQ USMC|year=1995|page=51}}</ref> The Iraqi 44th Infantry Division was headquartered in [[Zakho]]. During [[Operation Provide Comfort]], "[b]y mid-May [1991], the allied security zone spread from the Turkish border about three-quarters of the way across Iraq toward the Iranian border. The [[3rd Commando Brigade|3d Commando Brigade]] pushed west and nudged the Iraqi 36th Infantry Division out of Batufa. From there the brigade moved on to Sirsenk where it occupied a vital airstrip.."<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Ronald J.|title=With Marines in Operation Provide Comfort: Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq, 1991|publisher=History and Museums Division HQ USMC|year=1995|page=80}}</ref> |
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Before the [[U.S. invasion of Iraq]], it had its headquarters in [[Kirkuk]], and was orientated to the north, facing the Kurds.{{sfn|Fontenot|Degen|Tohn|2004|p=153}} In late 2002, consisting of the [[5th Division (Iraq)|5th Mechanized Division]] (15th and 20th Mechanised and 26th Armoured Brigades); [[2nd Division (Iraq)|2nd Infantry Division]], [[8th Division (Iraq)|8th Infantry Division]] and the [[38th Infantry Division (Iraq)|38th Infantry Division]] (130th, 847th, 848th Infantry Brigades).<ref>R.J. Lee, [http://www.rjlee.org/iraq2002-1.htm Key Components of the Iraqi Ground Forces, 2002]</ref> |
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The corps was battered by the U.S. [[Task Force Viking]] (CJSOTF-North, built around the [[10th Special Forces Group]]) during the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>See Robinson, Linda (2005). "Chapter 13: Viking Hammer (and the Ugly Baby)". ''Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces''. PublicAffairs. pp. 296 et seq. {{ISBN|978-1-58648-352-4}}.</ref> Among other actions, U.S.-led forces seized [[Kirkuk]]. The successful occupation of Kirkuk came as a result of approximately two weeks of fighting that included the Battle of the Green Line (the unofficial border of the Kurdish autonomous zone) and the subsequent Battle of Kani Domlan Ridge (the ridgeline running northwest to southeast of Kirkuk), the latter fought exclusively by 3rd Battalion, 10th SFG and Kurdish peshmerga against the 1st Corps.{{sfn|Fontenot|Degen|Tohn|2004}} |
The corps was battered by the U.S. [[Task Force Viking]] (CJSOTF-North, built around the [[10th Special Forces Group]]) during the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>See Robinson, Linda (2005). "Chapter 13: Viking Hammer (and the Ugly Baby)". ''Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces''. PublicAffairs. pp. 296 et seq. {{ISBN|978-1-58648-352-4}}.</ref> Among other actions, U.S.-led forces seized [[Kirkuk]]. The successful occupation of Kirkuk came as a result of approximately two weeks of fighting that included the Battle of the Green Line (the unofficial border of the Kurdish autonomous zone) and the subsequent Battle of Kani Domlan Ridge (the ridgeline running northwest to southeast of Kirkuk), the latter fought exclusively by 3rd Battalion, 10th SFG and Kurdish peshmerga against the 1st Corps.{{sfn|Fontenot|Degen|Tohn|2004}} |
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[[Category:Corps]] |
[[Category:Corps]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2003]] |
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2003]] |
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[[Category:Iran–Iraq War]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations of the Gulf War]] |
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[[Category:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations of Iraq in the Iraq War]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:20, 22 March 2024
| 1st Corps الفيلق الأول | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1980–2003 2003-present |
| Country | Iraq |
| Branch |  Iraqi Ground Forces |
| Type | Corps |
| Part of | Iraqi Armed Forces |
| Garrison/HQ | Erbil |
| Colors | Red |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Mustafa Al-Kadhimi |
The 1st Corps is a corps of the Iraqi Army, established before the Iran–Iraq War, located in Kurdistan Region.
In 1977–78 British military attaches' reports from Baghdad said the 4th Infantry Division was part of the corps, with divisional headquarters at Mosul and brigades at Mosul (5th), Dohuk (18th), Sinjar (21st), plus two unlocated reserve brigades, the 93rd and 99th.[1] Other divisions of the corps reportedly included the 2nd Division at Kirkuk with five brigades, including two reserve; the 7th Division at Sulaimaniyah with five brigades (all active); and the 8th Division at Erbil with six brigades, including the 91st, 95th, and 98th Reserve Brigades.
At the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War, Malovany shows corps headquarters at Kirkuk; the 11th Infantry Division with elements north of the Ranwanduz – Rayat road; and the 7th Infantry Division advancing from its bases at Sulaimaniyah towards the border between Penjwin and Sayid Sadiq.[2]
Ahead of Operation Dawn-4, units of the 1st Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and Peshmerga guerrillas of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan took 250 square miles (650 km2) of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin. Saddam Hussein responded with a counterattack, using the Iraqi Republican Guard and poison gas. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters.
The anti-Kurdish Anfal campaign was mounted between February and September 1988. While the Anfal campaign may have been initially conceived by the Iraqi government as a purely military campaign to destroy an insurgent movement, Kurds were killed for being Kurds, and it became ethnicised. The 1st Corps, under Lieutenant General Sultan Hashem, at Kirkuk, handled most Anfal operations, alongside the 5th Corps.[3]
Units were transferred south out of the 1st Corps to build up Iraqi forces in the south after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. In 1991 the "Iraqi I Corps controlled two infantry divisions, several independent mechanized brigades, and an elite special assault brigade. These forces were stationed in or near Dohuk Province."[4] The Iraqi 44th Infantry Division was headquartered in Zakho. During Operation Provide Comfort, "[b]y mid-May [1991], the allied security zone spread from the Turkish border about three-quarters of the way across Iraq toward the Iranian border. The 3d Commando Brigade pushed west and nudged the Iraqi 36th Infantry Division out of Batufa. From there the brigade moved on to Sirsenk where it occupied a vital airstrip.."[5]
Before the U.S. invasion of Iraq, it had its headquarters in Kirkuk, and was orientated to the north, facing the Kurds.[6] In late 2002, consisting of the 5th Mechanized Division (15th and 20th Mechanised and 26th Armoured Brigades); 2nd Infantry Division, 8th Infantry Division and the 38th Infantry Division (130th, 847th, 848th Infantry Brigades).[7]
The corps was battered by the U.S. Task Force Viking (CJSOTF-North, built around the 10th Special Forces Group) during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[8] Among other actions, U.S.-led forces seized Kirkuk. The successful occupation of Kirkuk came as a result of approximately two weeks of fighting that included the Battle of the Green Line (the unofficial border of the Kurdish autonomous zone) and the subsequent Battle of Kani Domlan Ridge (the ridgeline running northwest to southeast of Kirkuk), the latter fought exclusively by 3rd Battalion, 10th SFG and Kurdish peshmerga against the 1st Corps.[9]
Remnants of the corps lasted until the dissolution of the Iraqi Army by Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2 in May 2003.[citation needed]
Note[edit]
- ^ Annual Report on the Iraqi Armed Forces, FCO 8/3108, The National Archives.
- ^ Malovany, Pesach (June 2017). Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky. p. 112. ISBN 978-0813169439..
- ^ "I Corps".
- ^ Brown, Ronald J. (1995). With Marines in Operation Provide Comfort: Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq, 1991. History and Museums Division HQ USMC. p. 51.
- ^ Brown, Ronald J. (1995). With Marines in Operation Provide Comfort: Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq, 1991. History and Museums Division HQ USMC. p. 80.
- ^ Fontenot, Degen & Tohn 2004, p. 153.
- ^ R.J. Lee, Key Components of the Iraqi Ground Forces, 2002
- ^ See Robinson, Linda (2005). "Chapter 13: Viking Hammer (and the Ugly Baby)". Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces. PublicAffairs. pp. 296 et seq. ISBN 978-1-58648-352-4.
- ^ Fontenot, Degen & Tohn 2004.
References[edit]
- Anthony Cordesman, Iraq's Military Capabilities in 2002: A Dynamic Net Assessment, CSIS, Washington DC, 2002.
- Fontenot, Gregory; Degen, E. J.; Tohn, David (2004). On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Naval Institute Press. pp. 222–232. ISBN 978-1-59114-279-9. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.