1858–59 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} |
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name |
| election_name = 1858–59 United States Senate elections |
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| country |
| country = United States |
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| flag_year |
| flag_year = 1858 |
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| type |
| type = legislative |
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| ongoing |
| > |
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| previous_election |
| previous_election = 1856–57 United States Senate elections |
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| previous_year |
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1856 & 1857}} |
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| next_election |
| next_election = 1860–61 United States Senate elections |
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| next_year |
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1860 & 1861}} |
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| seats_for_election = 22 of the 66 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections) |
| seats_for_election = 22 of the 66 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections) |
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| majority_seats |
| majority_seats = 34 |
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| election_date |
| election_date = Various dates |
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| image_size |
| image_size = 100px |
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| 1blank |
| 1blank = Seats up |
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| last_election1 = '''34 seats''' |
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| seats_before1 = '''42''' |
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| seats1 = '''13''' |
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| seats_after1 = '''38''' |
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| seats_after1 = '''38''' |
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| 1data2 = 3 |
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| image4 = |
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| seats4 = 0 |
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| 1data4 = 2 |
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| image5 = |
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| 1data4 = 2 |
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| seats_before5 = 0 |
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| seats_after5 = 0 |
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| 1data5 = 0 |
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| before_election = |
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| after_election = |
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| map_image = File:1858senatemap.svg |
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| map_caption = '''Results of the elections:'''<br />{{legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}}<br />{{legend0|#CA0120|Republican gain}} {{legend0|#F48882|Republican hold}}<br />{{legend0|#000000|Legislature failed to elect}} |
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| before_election = |
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| map_size = 380px |
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| after_election = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Lincoln Douglas Debates 1958 issue-4c.jpg|thumb|300px|U.S. postage stamp, 1958 issue, commemorating the Lincoln and Douglas debates]] |
[[File:Lincoln Douglas Debates 1958 issue-4c.jpg|thumb|300px|U.S. postage stamp, 1958 issue, commemorating the Lincoln and Douglas debates]] |
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The '''1858–59 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1858 and 1859, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 2]]. |
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⚫ | The |
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In Illinois, incumbent [[Stephen A. Douglas]] (D) and challenger [[Abraham Lincoln]] (R) held a series of seven debates, known as the "[[Lincoln–Douglas debates]]." |
In Illinois, incumbent [[Stephen A. Douglas]] (D) and challenger [[Abraham Lincoln]] (R) held a series of seven debates, known as the "[[Lincoln–Douglas debates]]." |
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As this election was prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. |
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== Results summary == |
== Results summary == |
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Senate |
Senate party division, [[36th United States Congress|36th Congress]] (1859–1861) |
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* Majority party: Democratic (38–25) |
* Majority party: Democratic (38–25) |
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Line 303: | Line 301: | ||
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Minnesota's first senators were <!--[[1858 United States Senate elections in Minnesota|elected]]-->elected '''May 11, 1858'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Minnesota's first senators were <!--[[1858 United States Senate elections in Minnesota|elected]]-->elected '''May 11, 1858'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic}}'''{{aye}} [[Henry M. Rice]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{ |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[Henry M. Rice]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 309: | Line 307: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Minnesota's first senators were <!--[[1858 United States Senate elections in Minnesota|elected]]-->elected '''May 11, 1858'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Minnesota's first senators were <!--[[1858 United States Senate elections in Minnesota|elected]]-->elected '''May 11, 1858'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]]''' (Democratic) |
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* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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Line 316: | Line 314: | ||
! [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]<br/>(Class 2) |
! [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]<br/>(Class 2) |
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| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state'' |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Oregon's first senators were <!--[[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|elected]]-->elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.<ref name=OregonSpec>{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1858/08/13/78859210.html?zoom=15.1|title=Two New Senators.|website= |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Oregon's first senators were <!--[[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|elected]]-->elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.<ref name=OregonSpec>{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1858/08/13/78859210.html?zoom=15.1|title=Two New Senators.|website=The New York Times}}</ref><br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Delazon Smith]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Delazon Smith]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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Line 326: | Line 324: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Oregon's first senators were <!--[[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|elected]]-->elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.<ref name=OregonSpec/><br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Oregon's first senators were <!--[[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|elected]]-->elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.<ref name=OregonSpec/><br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Lane]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Lane]]''' (Democratic) |
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* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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Line 335: | Line 333: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1858 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
| 1858 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
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| Interim appointee <!--[[1858 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|elected]]-->elected '''November 23, 1858''' to finish the term.<ref name=Byrd150>{{cite |
| Interim appointee <!--[[1858 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|elected]]-->elected '''November 23, 1858''' to finish the term.<ref name=Byrd150>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C | title= The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 | edition=volume 4 Bicentennial | first1= Robert C. | last1= Byrd | author-link1=Robert Byrd | first2= Wendy | last2=Wolff | publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] | date=October 1, 1993 | isbn= 978-0-16-063256-3 }}, page 150</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1858/05/13/78535493.html?zoom=16|title=Hon. Thomas L. Clingman--The new Senator from North Carolina.|website=The New York Times}}</ref> |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Clingman]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Clingman]]''' (Democratic) |
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* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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}} |
}} |
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Line 348: | Line 346: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>Winner <!--[[1858 United States Senate special election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected '''December 3, 1858'''.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>Winner <!--[[1858 United States Senate special election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected '''December 3, 1858'''.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Chesnut Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Chesnut Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
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* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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Line 374: | Line 372: | ||
|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]] |
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| [[Clement Claiborne Clay]] |
| [[Clement Claiborne Clay]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| [[November 1853 United States Senate election in Alabama|1853 {{Small|( |
| [[November 1853 United States Senate election in Alabama|1853 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Alabama|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Alabama|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Clement Claiborne Clay]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Clement Claiborne Clay]]''' (Democratic) |
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* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]] |
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| [[William K. Sebastian]] |
| [[William K. Sebastian]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1848 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Arkansas|1848 {{Small|( |
| 1848 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Arkansas|1848 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1853 United States Senate election in Arkansas|1853]] |
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| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Arkansas|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Arkansas|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[William K. Sebastian]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William K. Sebastian]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]] |
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| [[Martin W. Bates]] |
| [[Martin W. Bates]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| [[1857 United States Senate special election in Delaware|1857 {{Small|( |
| [[1857 United States Senate special election in Delaware|1857 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Delaware|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Delaware|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>Democratic hold. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Willard Saulsbury Sr.]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Willard Saulsbury Sr.]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]] |
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| [[Robert Toombs]] |
| [[Robert Toombs]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Georgia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Georgia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert Toombs]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert Toombs]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]] |
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| [[Stephen A. Douglas]] |
| [[Stephen A. Douglas]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Illinois|re-elected]]-->re-elected January 5, 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Illinois|re-elected]]-->re-elected January 5, 1859. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stephen A. Douglas]]''' (Democratic) 54 |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stephen A. Douglas]]''' (Democratic) 54 |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican}}[[Abraham Lincoln]] (Republican) 46<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, 1859. |publisher=Bailache & Baker, Printers |location=Springfield, IL |year=1859 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.15544259;view=1up;seq=36 }}</ref> |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Abraham Lincoln]] (Republican) 46<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, 1859. |publisher=Bailache & Baker, Printers |location=Springfield, IL |year=1859 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.15544259;view=1up;seq=36 }}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]] |
||
| [[George Wallace Jones]] |
| [[George Wallace Jones]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1848 United States Senate elections in Iowa|1848]]<br/>[[1852 United States Senate election in Iowa|1852]] |
| [[1848 United States Senate elections in Iowa|1848]]<br/>[[1852 United States Senate election in Iowa|1852]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Iowa|elected]]-->elected January 26, 1858.<ref>{{cite book | title=History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa: A Study in American Politics |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Iowa|elected]]-->elected January 26, 1858.<ref>{{cite book | title=History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa: A Study in American Politics |
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| first= Dan Elbert |last= Clark |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ | page=119}}</ref><br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| first= Dan Elbert |last= Clark | date= 1913 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ | page=119}}</ref><br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[James W. Grimes]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James W. Grimes]]''' (Republican) 64 |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Benjamin M. Samuels]] (Democratic) 41<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1858 |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the Seventh General Assembly of the State of Iowa |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881579&seq=143 |location=Des Moines |publisher=J. Teesdale, State Printer |page=131 |isbn=}}</ref> |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[Benjamin M. Samuels]] (Democratic) |
|||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]] |
||
| [[John Burton Thompson|John B. Thompson]] |
| [[John Burton Thompson|John B. Thompson]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
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Line 447: | Line 445: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected in January 1858.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected in January 1858.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Lazarus W. Powell]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Lazarus W. Powell]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]] |
||
| [[Judah P. Benjamin]] |
| [[Judah P. Benjamin]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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Line 458: | Line 456: | ||
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Louisiana|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Louisiana|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Judah P. Benjamin]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Judah P. Benjamin]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]] |
||
| [[William P. Fessenden]] |
| [[William P. Fessenden]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
| [[1854 United States Senate special election in Maine|1854 {{Small|( |
| [[1854 United States Senate special election in Maine|1854 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Maine|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Maine|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[William P. Fessenden]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William P. Fessenden]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] |
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| [[Henry Wilson]] |
| [[Henry Wilson]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| [[1855 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1855 {{Small|( |
| [[1855 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1855 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry Wilson]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry Wilson]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]] |
||
| [[Charles E. Stuart]] |
| [[Charles E. Stuart]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 491: | Line 489: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Michigan|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Michigan|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[Kinsley S. Bingham]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Kinsley S. Bingham]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]] |
||
| [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] |
| [[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 502: | Line 500: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator elected December 15, 1859.<ref name=NYTMinn/><br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator elected December 15, 1859.<ref name=NYTMinn/><br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[Morton S. Wilkinson]]''' (Republican) 79 votes |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Morton S. Wilkinson]]''' (Republican) 79 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] (Democratic) 33 votes |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] (Democratic) 33 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[Willis A. Gorman|W. A. Gorman]] (Democratic) 1 vote<ref name=NYTMinn>{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1859/12/27/106104429.html?zoom=16|title=From Minnesota.; ELECTION OF A UNITED |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Willis A. Gorman|W. A. Gorman]] (Democratic) 1 vote<ref name=NYTMinn>{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1859/12/27/106104429.html?zoom=16|title=From Minnesota.; ELECTION OF A UNITED STATES SENATOR--THREATENED IMPEACHMENT OF THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.|website=The New York Times}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]] |
||
| [[Albert G. Brown]] |
| [[Albert G. Brown]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1854 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|1854 {{Small|( |
| [[1854 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|1854 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Mississippi|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Mississippi|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Albert G. Brown]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Albert G. Brown]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |
||
| [[John P. Hale]] |
| [[John P. Hale]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
||
Line 525: | Line 523: | ||
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1859. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[John P. Hale]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John P. Hale]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]] |
||
| [[William Wright (United States politician)|William Wright]] |
| [[William Wright (United States politician)|William Wright]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 536: | Line 534: | ||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[John C. Ten Eyck]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John C. Ten Eyck]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]] |
||
| [[David Settle Reid|David Reid]] |
| [[David Settle Reid|David Reid]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 547: | Line 545: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator elected in 1858 or 1859.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator elected in 1858 or 1859.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Bragg]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Bragg]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]] |
||
| [[Delazon Smith]] |
| [[Delazon Smith]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|1859]] |
| [[1859 United States Senate elections in Oregon|1859]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would remain vacant until [[1860 United States Senate special election in Oregon|1860]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would remain vacant until [[1860 United States Senate special election in Oregon|1860]]. |
||
| {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[Delazon Smith]] (Democratic)<br/>{{ |
| {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Delazon Smith]] (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] |
||
| [[Philip Allen (politician)|Philip Allen]] |
| [[Philip Allen (Rhode Island politician)|Philip Allen]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1853 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|1853]] |
| [[1853 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|1853]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Republican}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry B. Anthony]]''' (Republican) |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry B. Anthony]]''' (Republican) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]] |
||
| [[Arthur P. Hayne]] |
| [[Arthur P. Hayne]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 577: | Line 575: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected December 3, 1858.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected December 3, 1858.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Chesnut Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Chesnut Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]] |
||
| [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]] |
| [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
||
Line 588: | Line 586: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected in 1858.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Alfred O. P. Nicholson]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Alfred O. P. Nicholson]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]] |
||
| [[Sam Houston]] |
| [[Sam Houston]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 599: | Line 597: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Texas|elected]]-->elected in 1859.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1859 United States Senate election in Texas|elected]]-->elected in 1859.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Hemphill (senator)|John Hemphill]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Hemphill (senator)|John Hemphill]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]] |
||
| [[Robert M. T. Hunter]] |
| [[Robert M. T. Hunter]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
Line 610: | Line 608: | ||
| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
| Incumbent <!--[[1858 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1858. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert M. T. Hunter]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert M. T. Hunter]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{ |
* {{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 633: | Line 631: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| [[Matthias Ward]] |
| [[Matthias Ward]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| nowrap | 1858 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
| nowrap | 1858 {{small|(Appointed)}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.<br/>Winner was [[1859 United States Senate special election in Texas|elected]] '''December 5, 1859'''.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.<br/>Winner was [[1859 United States Senate special election in Texas|elected]] '''December 5, 1859'''.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | '''{{aye}} [[Louis Wigfall]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{ |
| nowrap | '''{{aye}} [[Louis Wigfall]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 662: | Line 660: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[List of United States |
! [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]<br/>(Class 3) |
||
| [[John J. Crittenden]] |
| [[John J. Crittenden]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
| {{Party shading/Know Nothing}} | Know Nothing |
||
| nowrap | [[1816 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1816]]<br/>1819 {{small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1835 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1835]]<br/>1841 {{small|(Retired)}}<br/>1842 {{small|(Appointed)}}<br/>1842 or 1843 {{small|( |
| nowrap | [[1816 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1816]]<br/>1819 {{small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1835 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1835]]<br/>1841 {{small|(Retired)}}<br/>1842 {{small|(Appointed)}}<br/>1842 or 1843 {{small|(special)}}<br/>[[1843 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1843]]<br/>1848 {{small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1854 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1854]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner [[1859 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]] '''December 12, 1859''', far in advance of the term.<br/>Winner wasn't seated until term began March 4, 1861.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner [[1859 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]] '''December 12, 1859''', far in advance of the term.<br/>Winner wasn't seated until term began March 4, 1861.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic}}'''{{aye}} [[John C. Breckinridge]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{ |
| nowrap | {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}'''{{aye}} [[John C. Breckinridge]]''' (Democratic)<br/>{{data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 703: | Line 701: | ||
{{See also|Lincoln–Douglas debate format}} |
{{See also|Lincoln–Douglas debate format}} |
||
Incumbent U.S. Senator [[Stephen Douglas]], a Democrat, defeated a challenge by former U.S. Representative [[Abraham Lincoln]], the Republican nominee. Lincoln, who had been a member of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] prior to 1856, attacked Douglas for his perceived subservience to the [[Slave Power]], as evidenced by his support for the [[Kansas-Nebraska Act]] and the recent [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruling in the case of ''[[Dred Scott v. Sanford]]''. The election was extremely close, hinging on Douglas' ability to appeal to former Whigs who had resisted joining the Republicans following the decline of the Whig party after 1854. In the [[October surprise|finale weeks of the campaign]], Douglas received the coveted endorsement of [[Kentucky]]'s [[John J. Crittenden]], a prominent former Whig and Douglas' colleague in the Senate. Crittenden's support for Douglas considerably diminished Lincoln's chances of winning the election.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle/page/273 273]-77, 282}}</ref> |
Incumbent U.S. Senator [[Stephen Douglas]], a Democrat, defeated a challenge by former U.S. Representative [[Abraham Lincoln]], the Republican nominee. Lincoln, who had been a member of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] prior to 1856, attacked Douglas for his perceived subservience to the [[Slave Power]], as evidenced by his support for the [[Kansas-Nebraska Act]] and the recent [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruling in the case of ''[[Dred Scott v. Sanford]]''. The election was extremely close, hinging on Douglas' ability to appeal to former Whigs who had resisted joining the Republicans following the decline of the Whig party after 1854. In the [[October surprise|finale weeks of the campaign]], Douglas received the coveted endorsement of [[Kentucky]]'s [[John J. Crittenden]], a prominent former Whig and Douglas' colleague in the Senate. Crittenden's support for Douglas considerably diminished Lincoln's chances of winning the election.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle/page/273 273]-77, 282}}</ref> |
||
On election day, the statewide Republican ticket took 50.6% of the popular vote, outpolling the Democrats by a margin of 3,402 votes. Further down ballot, Republican candidates for the state legislature collectively received 24,094 more votes than the Douglas Democrats. ([[James Buchanan|Buchanan Democrats]] received almost 10,000 votes, and there were a scattering of votes for write-in candidates.) Despite this, strategically |
On election day, the statewide Republican ticket took 50.6% of the popular vote, outpolling the Democrats by a margin of 3,402 votes. Further down ballot, Republican candidates for the state legislature collectively received 24,094 more votes than the Douglas Democrats. ([[James Buchanan|Buchanan Democrats]] received almost 10,000 votes, and there were a scattering of votes for write-in candidates.) Despite this, strategically drawn district boundaries produced Democratic majorities in both houses of the state legislature: 40 Democrats and 35 Republicans were elected to the state [[Illinois House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], while the Democratic margin in the [[Illinois Senate|Senate]] was 14–11. On the day of the election in the [[Illinois General Assembly]], Douglas received 54 votes to Lincoln's 46. The change of just over 300 votes in three state legislative districts from Democrats to Republicans would have been sufficient to deny Democrats a legislative majority and defeat Douglas.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=''Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America''|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle/page/284 284]–285}}</ref> |
||
In spite of his defeat, [[Lincoln-Douglas Debates|Lincoln's debates with Douglas]] were followed nationally and established Lincoln as a leading contender for the Republican nomination in the [[1860 United States presidential election]]. In the aftermath of the senatorial election, Lincoln contacted editors looking to publish the texts of the debates. George Parsons, the Ohio Republican committee chairman, got Lincoln in touch with Ohio's main political publisher, Follett and Foster, of Columbus. They published copies of the text under the title, ''Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas in the Celebrated Campaign of 1858, in Illinois.'' Four printings were made, and the fourth sold 16,000 copies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle/page/305 305]-6}}</ref> |
In spite of his defeat, [[Lincoln-Douglas Debates|Lincoln's debates with Douglas]] were followed nationally and established Lincoln as a leading contender for the Republican nomination in the [[1860 United States presidential election]]. In the aftermath of the senatorial election, Lincoln contacted editors looking to publish the texts of the debates. George Parsons, the Ohio Republican committee chairman, got Lincoln in touch with Ohio's main political publisher, Follett and Foster, of Columbus. They published copies of the text under the title, ''Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas in the Celebrated Campaign of 1858, in Illinois.'' Four printings were made, and the fourth sold 16,000 copies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|title=Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle/page/305 305]-6}}</ref> |
||
Line 711: | Line 709: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[1858 United States elections]] |
* [[1858 United States elections]] |
||
** [[ |
** [[1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
||
* [[35th United States Congress]] |
* [[35th United States Congress]] |
||
* [[36th United States Congress]] |
* [[36th United States Congress]] |
||
Line 723: | Line 721: | ||
{{Lincoln–Douglas debates}} |
{{Lincoln–Douglas debates}} |
||
⚫ | |||
[[Category:1858 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1858 United States Senate elections| ]] |
||
[[Category:1859 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1859 United States Senate elections| ]] |
Revision as of 07:28, 8 May 2024
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22 of the 66 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 34 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 1858–59 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1858 and 1859, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Republican Party gained five additional seats in the Senate, but the Democrats retained their majority. That majority would erode in 1860 with the secession of the southern states leading up to the Civil War.
In Illinois, incumbent Stephen A. Douglas (D) and challenger Abraham Lincoln (R) held a series of seven debates, known as the "Lincoln–Douglas debates."
Results summary
Senate party division, 36th Congress (1859–1861)
- Majority party: Democratic (38–25)
- Minority party: Republican (25–26)
- Other parties: American (2)
- Total seats: 66–68
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
D3 | D2 | D1 | |||||||
D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 |
D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 |
D24 | D25 | D26 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D28 Ran |
D29 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D33 Ran |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majority → | D34 Ran | ||||||||
KN4 Unknown |
D42 Retired |
D41 Retired |
D40 Retired |
D39 Retired |
D38 Retired |
D37 Ran |
D36 Ran |
D35 Ran | |
KN3 Unknown |
KN2 | KN1 | R20 Ran |
R19 Ran |
R18 Ran |
R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 |
R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 |
R3 | R2 | R1 |
As a result of the elections
D3 | D2 | D1 | |||||||
D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 |
D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 |
D24 | D25 | D26 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D28 Re-elected |
D29 Re-elected |
D30 Re-elected |
D31 Re-elected |
D32 Re-elected |
D33 Hold |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majority → | D34 Hold | ||||||||
R24 Gain |
R25 Gain |
KN1 | KN2 | V1 D Loss |
D38 Gain |
D37 Gain |
D36 Hold |
D35 Hold | |
R23 Gain |
R22 Gain |
R21 Gain |
R20 Re-elected |
R19 Re-elected |
R18 Re-elected |
R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 |
R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 |
R3 | R2 | R1 |
Key: |
|
Race summaries
Special elections during the 35th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1858 or in 1859 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Minnesota (Class 1) |
New state | Minnesota's first senators were elected May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. |
▌ [data missing] | ||
Minnesota (Class 2) |
Minnesota's first senators were elected May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. |
| |||
Oregon (Class 2) |
New state | Oregon's first senators were elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.[2] Democratic gain. |
| ||
Oregon (Class 3) |
Oregon's first senators were elected in 1858 in advance of statehood.[2] Democratic gain. |
| |||
North Carolina (Class 3) |
Thomas Clingman | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 23, 1858 to finish the term.[3][4] |
|
South Carolina (Class 2) |
Arthur P. Hayne | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected. Winner elected December 3, 1858. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. |
|
Races leading to the 36th Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1859; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | Clement Claiborne Clay | Democratic | 1853 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. |
|
Arkansas | William K. Sebastian | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) 1848 (special) 1853 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
Delaware | Martin W. Bates | Democratic | 1857 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1858. Democratic hold. |
|
Georgia | Robert Toombs | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. |
|
Illinois | Stephen A. Douglas | Democratic | 1846 1852 |
Incumbent re-elected January 5, 1859. |
|
Iowa | George Wallace Jones | Democratic | 1848 1852 |
Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 26, 1858.[6] Republican gain. |
|
Kentucky | John B. Thompson | Know Nothing | 1851 (Early) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in January 1858. Democratic gain. |
|
Louisiana | Judah P. Benjamin | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
Maine | William P. Fessenden | Republican | 1854 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
Massachusetts | Henry Wilson | Republican | 1855 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
Michigan | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1858. Republican gain. |
|
Minnesota | James Shields | Democratic | 1849 (Illinois) 1849 (Illinois: Election voided) 1849 (Illinois: Special) 1855 (Illinois: Lost) 1858 (Minnesota) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected December 15, 1859.[8] Republican gain. |
|
Mississippi | Albert G. Brown | Democratic | 1854 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
New Hampshire | John P. Hale | Republican | 1846 1853 (Retired) 1855 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
New Jersey | William Wright | Democratic | 1852 or 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1858. Republican gain. |
|
North Carolina | David Reid | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1858 or 1859. Democratic hold. |
|
Oregon | Delazon Smith | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1860. |
▌Delazon Smith (Democratic) [data missing] |
Rhode Island | Philip Allen | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1858. Republican gain. |
|
South Carolina | Arthur P. Hayne | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected December 3, 1858. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
Tennessee | John Bell | Know Nothing | 1847 1853 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1858. Democratic gain. |
|
Texas | Sam Houston | Democratic | 1846 1847 1853 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1859. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia | Robert M. T. Hunter | Democratic | 1846 1852 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1858. |
|
Elections during the 36th Congress
In this election, the winner was elected in 1859 on or after March 4; ordered by date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Texas (Class 1) |
Matthias Ward | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Winner was elected December 5, 1859. Democratic hold. |
[data missing] |
Race leading to the 37th Congress
In this regular election, the winner was elected for the term beginning March 4, 1861.
This election involved a Class 3 seat.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Kentucky (Class 3) |
John J. Crittenden | Know Nothing | 1816 1819 (Resigned) 1835 1841 (Retired) 1842 (Appointed) 1842 or 1843 (special) 1843 1848 (Resigned) 1854 |
Incumbent retired. Winner elected December 12, 1859, far in advance of the term. Winner wasn't seated until term began March 4, 1861. Democratic gain. |
▌ [data missing] |
Illinois
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Incumbent U.S. Senator Stephen Douglas, a Democrat, defeated a challenge by former U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln, the Republican nominee. Lincoln, who had been a member of the Whig Party prior to 1856, attacked Douglas for his perceived subservience to the Slave Power, as evidenced by his support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the recent Supreme Court ruling in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford. The election was extremely close, hinging on Douglas' ability to appeal to former Whigs who had resisted joining the Republicans following the decline of the Whig party after 1854. In the finale weeks of the campaign, Douglas received the coveted endorsement of Kentucky's John J. Crittenden, a prominent former Whig and Douglas' colleague in the Senate. Crittenden's support for Douglas considerably diminished Lincoln's chances of winning the election.[10]
On election day, the statewide Republican ticket took 50.6% of the popular vote, outpolling the Democrats by a margin of 3,402 votes. Further down ballot, Republican candidates for the state legislature collectively received 24,094 more votes than the Douglas Democrats. (Buchanan Democrats received almost 10,000 votes, and there were a scattering of votes for write-in candidates.) Despite this, strategically drawn district boundaries produced Democratic majorities in both houses of the state legislature: 40 Democrats and 35 Republicans were elected to the state House of Representatives, while the Democratic margin in the Senate was 14–11. On the day of the election in the Illinois General Assembly, Douglas received 54 votes to Lincoln's 46. The change of just over 300 votes in three state legislative districts from Democrats to Republicans would have been sufficient to deny Democrats a legislative majority and defeat Douglas.[11]
In spite of his defeat, Lincoln's debates with Douglas were followed nationally and established Lincoln as a leading contender for the Republican nomination in the 1860 United States presidential election. In the aftermath of the senatorial election, Lincoln contacted editors looking to publish the texts of the debates. George Parsons, the Ohio Republican committee chairman, got Lincoln in touch with Ohio's main political publisher, Follett and Foster, of Columbus. They published copies of the text under the title, Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas in the Celebrated Campaign of 1858, in Illinois. Four printings were made, and the fourth sold 16,000 copies.[12]
See also
- 1858 United States elections
- 35th United States Congress
- 36th United States Congress
- Lincoln–Douglas debates
References
- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ a b "Two New Senators". The New York Times.
- ^ Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-063256-3., page 150
- ^ "Hon. Thomas L. Clingman--The new Senator from North Carolina". The New York Times.
- ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, 1859. Springfield, IL: Bailache & Baker, Printers. 1859.
- ^ Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa: A Study in American Politics. p. 119.
- ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the Seventh General Assembly of the State of Iowa. Des Moines: J. Teesdale, State Printer. 1858. p. 131.
- ^ a b "From Minnesota.; ELECTION OF A UNITED STATES SENATOR--THREATENED IMPEACHMENT OF THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). Lincoln and Douglas: the Debates That Defined America. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 285.
- ^ Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. pp. 273-77, 282.
- ^ Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. pp. 284–285.
- ^ Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. pp. 305-6.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov