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In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given...

A fusor is a device that uses an electric field to heat ions to a temperature in which they undergo nuclear fusion. The machine induces a potential difference...

In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature...

A magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetization is in a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic...

In astroparticle physics, an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) is a cosmic ray with an energy greater than 1 EeV (1018 electronvolts, approximately...

Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule. Not every interaction between...

Tachyon condensation is a process in particle physics in which a system can lower its potential energy by spontaneously producing particles. The end result...

In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers...

In particle physics, split supersymmetry is a proposal for physics beyond the Standard Model. It was proposed separately in three papers. The first by...

In astrodynamics and rocketry, gravity loss is a measure of the loss in the net performance of a rocket while it is thrusting in a gravitational field...

A random laser (RL) is a laser in which optical feedback is provided by scattering particles. As in conventional lasers, a gain medium is required for...