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The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron...

Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These...

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into...

The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually...

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded...

Physical causality is a physical relationship between causes and effects. It is considered to be fundamental to all natural sciences and behavioural sciences...

The Interplanetary Transport Network (ITN) is a collection of gravitationally determined pathways through the Solar System that require very little energy...

In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of...

In physical cosmology, the electroweak epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the temperature of the universe had fallen enough...

Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type-II superconductor. This intermetallic compound has a...

Nanoindentation, also called instrumented indentation testing, is a variety of indentation hardness tests applied to small volumes. Indentation is perhaps...

In photography (particularly digital photography), purple fringing (sometimes called PF) is the term for an unfocused purple or magenta "ghost" image on...

Philip St. John Russell, FRS, (born March 25, 1953, in Belfast) is Emeritus Director of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen,...

John Robert Huizenga (April 21, 1921 – January 25, 2014) was an American physicist who helped build the first atomic bomb and who also debunked University...

In surveying, a gyrotheodolite (also: surveying gyro) is an instrument composed of a gyrocompass mounted to a theodolite. It is used to determine the orientation...

A. W. Peet (born 1968) is a professor of physics at the University of Toronto. Peet's research interests include string theory as a quantum theory of gravity...

Lorella Margaret Jones (February 22, 1943 – February 9, 1995), was a professor of physics and director of the Computer-based Education Research Laboratory...

Betsy Ancker-Johnson (April 29, 1927 – July 2, 2020) was an American plasma physicist. She was known for her research into instabilities that can occur...

Lloyd Motz (June 5, 1909, Susquehanna, Pennsylvania – March 14, 2004, New York City) was an American astronomer. Born in Pennsylvania, Motz graduated from...

Shaaban (Said) Khalil (born November 13, 1966) is a high energy physicist. He is the founding director of the Center for Fundamental Physics at Zewail...