From Old Korean 國惡 (*NALak). Cognate with Korean 나라 (nara).
나라 (nara)
- country, nation, kingdom
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 나랗〮 (Yale: nàláh), from Old Korean 國惡 (*NALak). Compare Yukjin dialect 나랑 (narang), which preserves the velar nature of the coda consonant.
Beyond Koreanic, the word is usually connected to Proto-Tungusic *nā (“land”), and hence Manchu ᠨᠠ (na, “land”) and Nanai на (na, “land”), with *lak~*lah being a suffix.[1] Also cf. -tah in Middle Korean ᄯᅡᇂ (stah, “ground, land”) > Korean 땅 (ttang, “ibid.”) and -lk in Middle Korean ᄒᆞᆰ (holk, “earth, soil”) > Korean 흙 (heuk, “ibid.”).
Romanizations |
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Revised Romanization? | nara |
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Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nala |
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McCune–Reischauer? | nara |
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Yale Romanization? | nala |
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나라 • (nara)
- country, nation
- Synonym: 국가(國家) (gukga)
러시아-는 세계-에서 제일 큰 나라-다.- Reosia-neun segye-eseo jeil keun nara-da.
- Russia is the largest country in the world.
- government
이건 나라-가 준 돈-이야.- Igeon nara-ga jun don-iya.
- This is money that the government gave me.
- 國 (guk), the hanja for "country"
—나라 • (-nara)
- (history) Chinese dynasty
건륭제-는 청-나라-의 황제-였다.- Geollyungje-neun Cheong-nara-ui hwangje-yeotda.
- Qianlong emperor was an emperor of the Qing dynasty.
- Used only for historical Chinese polities with single-syllable names. Thus 송(宋)-나라 (Song-nara, “Song dynasty”) but simply 북송(北宋) (Buksong, “Northern Song”). *북송나라 (*Buksong-nara) is ungrammatical.
From Japanese 奈良 (Nara).
Romanizations |
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Revised Romanization? | Nara |
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Revised Romanization (translit.)? | Nala |
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McCune–Reischauer? | Nara |
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Yale Romanization? | nala |
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나라 • (Nara)
- Nara (a city in Japan)
- ^ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 24
나라〮 (nàlá)
- Isolated form spelling of 나랗〮 (nàláh, “country”)