禁 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木一一火 (DDMMF), four-corner 44901, composition ⿱林示)
- 僸, 凚, 噤, 𡑲, 𡢾, 㦗, 㩒, 澿, 𣋜, 㯲, 𭭵, 𤐖, 𦡞, 𥋴, 𥖜, 𬓛, 𥢻, 襟, 𥽍, 䌝(𦈟), 𬜏, 𨆃, 𨣤, 𨭺, 𪊅, 齽(𬺔)
- 𣰙, 𠢱, 㱈, 䫴(𩖗), 𪇎, 𭂃, 𦽔, 𢋎, 𤻎, 𠢵
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24743
- Dae Jaweon: page 1264, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2400, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7981
trad.
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禁
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simp. #
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禁
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alternative forms
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噤 Cantonese kam1 襟 Cantonese kam1 come Cantonese kam1
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Old Chinese
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婪
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*ɡ·ruːm
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惏
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*ɡ·ruːm
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啉
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*ɡ·ruːm
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漤
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*ɡ·ruːmʔ
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醂
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*ɡ·ruːmʔ
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林
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*ɡ·rɯm
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琳
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*ɡ·rɯm
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淋
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*ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms
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痳
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*ɡ·rɯm
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箖
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*ɡ·rɯm
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霖
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*ɡ·rɯm
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菻
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*ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms
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罧
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*slɯmʔ, *srɯms
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棽
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*r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm
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綝
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*r̥ʰɯm
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郴
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*r̥ʰɯm
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禁
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*krɯm, *krɯms
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襟
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*krɯm
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僸
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*krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ
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澿
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*ɡrɯm
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噤
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*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
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凚
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*ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
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齽
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*ɡrɯms
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krɯm, *krɯms) : phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm) + semantic 示 (“altar”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krim (“custom, prohibition”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲིམས (khrims, “law, rule; habit”), Mizo hrem (“to punish”) and Japhug khrɯm (“punishment”), although the latter may be borrowed from Tibetan (Jacques, 2015; Jacques, 2004: 89).
Schessler (2007) also adds Burmese ခြိမ်း (hkrim:, “to threaten”) to the list of the possible cognates, however this word likely belongs to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-krim (“to threaten”).
Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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禁
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Reading #
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1/2
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No.
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8180
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Phonetic component
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林
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Rime group
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侵
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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金
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Old Chinese
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/*krɯm/
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禁
- to bear; to endure
- to be able to withstand
我唔禁激㗎。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]- ngo5 m4 kam1 gik1 gaa3. [Jyutping]
- I cannot stand getting annoyed.
- (chiefly in the negative) to contain oneself; to restrain oneself
- to torment; to torture
- (Cantonese) durable
件衫啲料好禁喎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
件衫啲料好禁㖞。 [Cantonese, simp.]- gin6 saam1 di1 liu6-2 hou2 kam1 wo3. [Jyutping]
- The shirt's material is quite durable.
- Alternative form of 襟 (jīn, “coat sash; belt (to fasten clothes); girdle”)
Note:
- géng - literary;
- gêng - vernacular (“to warn; to caution against”).
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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禁
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Reading #
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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jìn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ kimH ›
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Old Chinese
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/*kr[ə]m-s/
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English
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prohibit
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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禁
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Reading #
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2/2
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No.
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8181
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Phonetic component
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林
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Rime group
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侵
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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禁
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Old Chinese
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/*krɯms/
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禁
- to prohibit; to forbid; to restrict
- to pin down; to restrain
- to block; to hinder
- to imprison; to detain; to take into custody
- to use incantation
- to store up; to hoard
- ban; prohibition; restriction; interdict
- taboo; banned item or thing
- prison; jail; confinement
- (historical) court; palace
- (historical) ritual table; wine altar
- sorcery; incantation; spell
禁
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
- to ban, to prohibit, to forbid
- to confine
- palace
From Middle Chinese 禁 (MC kim|kimH). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
禁 • (kin)
- ban, prohibition
- banned, prohibited, forbidden
- 転載禁
- tensai kin
- Reproduction prohibited.
禁 (eumhun 금할 금 (geumhal geum))
- hanja form? of 금 (“prohibition”)
禁: Hán Nôm readings: cấm, bấm, quắm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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