ka-
- Alternative form of ker-
Compare kaka and ka.
ka-
- Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
- ka- + kawat (“play”) → kakawat (“playmate”)
- ka- + iwal (“fight”) → kaiwal (“enemy”)
Compare Tagalog ka-.
ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- (added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
- Synonyms: pagka-, ka- -an
- ka- + linaw (“calm”) → kalinaw (“calmness”)
- ka- + bugnaw (“cold”) → kabugnaw (“coldness”)
- (added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
- Synonyms: -a, ka- -a
- ka- + init (“hot”) → kainit! (“how hot!”)
- (added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
- Synonym: isigka-
- ka- + klase (“class”) → kaklase (“classmate”)
- ka- + away (“to fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)
ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- Short for maka-.
ka-
- Rōmaji transcription of か
ka-
- Romanization of ꦏ-
ka- (verb base)
- accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
- ka- + gibe (“bring”) → kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)
ka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
ka-
- third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix
-
|
Initial consonant
|
Environment |
t/s/h/k |
n/r/w/’ |
a |
e/en |
o/on |
i |
y
|
Word-Initial
|
ka- |
ka- |
w- |
w- |
i- |
ken- |
ka-
|
ka-
- noun prefix
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173
ka-
- Used to form causative verbs
This prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.
ka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.
ka-
- (Bavaria) Alternative form of gi-
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
ka-
- passive verb-forming prefix
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Probably related to South Efate go
ka-
- and (forms dependent verbs)
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.
ka-
- third-person singular animate (m class(I)) recent-past perfective marker
- Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-
2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi[1]:Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu- President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame
Swahili TAM markers
|
Initial
|
Positive infinitive
|
ku-/kw-1
|
Negative infinitive
|
kuto-
|
Habitual
|
hu-1
|
Telegrammic
|
ka-1
|
Final
|
General (positive indicative)
|
-a
|
Positive subjunctive
|
-e
|
Negative present
|
-i
|
Second person plural
|
-ni
|
Infix position positive subject concord
|
Positive past
|
-li-
|
Positive present
|
-na-
|
Positive future
|
-ta-
|
Negative subjunctive
|
-si-1
|
Positive present conditional
|
-nge-
|
Negative present conditional
|
-singe-
|
Positive past conditional
|
-ngali-
|
Negative past conditional
|
-singali-
|
Gnomic
|
-a-1
|
Perfect
|
-me-
|
"Already" past
|
-lisha-
|
"Already" present
|
-mesha-/-sha-
|
"If/When"
|
-ki-1
|
"If not"
|
-sipo-
|
Consecutive
|
-ka-1
|
Infix position negative subject concord
|
Negative past
|
-ku-1
|
Negative future
|
-ta-
|
"Not yet"
|
-ja-1
|
Negative present conditional
|
-nge-
|
Negative past conditional
|
-ngali-
|
Relative
|
Past
|
-li-
|
Present
|
-na-
|
Future
|
-taka-
|
Negative
|
-si-
|
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.
|
Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.
ka-
- (colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
- ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)
- ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)
- implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
- ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)
- ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)
- implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
- ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)
- ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
- implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
- ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)
- ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)
- implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang
- ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)
- ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)
- (before /e/) ke-
- (before /o/) ko-
From Proto-Bantu *ká-.
ka-
- class 12 pronominal concord
- ka- + -nu (“this, these”) → kanu (“this (class 12)”)
- they; class 12 subject concord
- ka- + -kora (“to do”) → kakora (“it (class 12) does”)
- positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; class 12 object concord”)
- ka- + -ha (“to give”) → kaha (“give it (class 12)”)
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ká-
- he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ka-
- Alternative form of ma- (hortative)