Borrowed from Persian ناـ (nâ-).
IPA(key): [nɑ]
na- (rarely productive)
- un-, non-, in-
- Synonym: qeyri-
- na- + tamam (“complete”) → natamam (“incomplete”)
- -less
- Synonym: -siz
- na- + ümid (“hope”) → naümid (“hopeless”)
From Proto-Oceanic *na
na-
- The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.
ná-
- Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.
na-
- third person plural agent marker
- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398
From na.
na-
- a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
- (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot
- na- + představovat se (“present onself”) → napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)
- na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Derived from the preposition na
na-
- after
voor-
na-
- male prefix added onto human words.
- Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)
na- (Kur-itan spelling ᜈ)
- forms adjectives indicating a quality
- na- + dalus (“cleanliness”) → nadalus (“clean”)
na-
- third person singular nominative proclitic
Kambera pronominal clitics
na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)
- he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)
Makasar free and bound pronouns
From Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (“noun article”)
na-
- a, the (singular article for common nouns)
- When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:
- na- + ēm̄ → nēm̄ (“house”)
- When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:
- na- + bē → nēbē (“water”)
- na- + vinhe → nivinhe (“bamboo”)
- When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:
- na- + l(ō)qōvēn → nalqōvēn (“woman”)
- nalqōvēn (“a woman”)
- — opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).
- For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.
- nēbē (“water”)
- nēm̄ (“a house, houses; the house, the houses”)
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /na(ː)/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /na/, /nɒ/
na-
- added to verbs to make them perfective
- na- + pisać → napisać
- added to verbs to mean onto
- na- + łożyć → nałożyć
- added to verbs to with various meanings
- na- + mówić → namówić
Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.
na-
- added to verbs to make them perfective
- na- + pisać → napisać
- added to verbs to mean onto
- na- + łożyć → nałożyć
- added to verbs to with various meanings
- na- + mówić → namówić
From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.
na-
- Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
- (no change in meaning)
- na- + pisáti (“to write”) → napisáti (“to write”)
- onto, into
- na- + líti (“to pour”) → nalíti (“to pour in”)
- a little, to begin to
- na- + krivīti (“to bend”) → nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)
- na- + gníti (“to rot”) → nagníti (“to begin to rot”)
- enough of, a sufficient amount of
- na- + cepīti (“to chop”) → nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)
- (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
- na- + píti (“to drink”) → napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)
na-
- Contraction of ni- + -a-.
- Contraction of ni- + -na-.
- Synonym: nina-
na- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-
ná- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- (dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-
- The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.
Nakain siya ng isda.- He/She happened to be eaten by the fish.
Nákain siya ng isda.- He/She is eating fish.
na-
- first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
- Synonym: nga-
- second-person plural possessive prefix, your
- Synonym: nia-
- (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
- Synonym: nga-
Ternate personal pronouns
|
independent
|
|
subject proclitic
|
|
possessive
|
Informal
|
Formal
|
|
|
1st person singular
|
ngori
|
fangarem, fajaruf
|
to
|
ri
|
2nd person singular
|
ngana
|
ngoni, jou ngoni
|
no
|
ni
|
3rd person singular
|
unam, minaf
|
|
om, mof, inh
|
im, mif, manh
|
1st person plural inclusive
|
ngone
|
|
fo
|
na, nga
|
1st person plural exclusive
|
ngomi
|
fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1
|
mi
|
mi, mia
|
2nd person plural
|
ngoni
|
|
ni
|
na, nia
|
3rd person plural
|
anah, enanh
|
|
ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †
|
nah, ngah, manh
|
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).
na- (rarely productive)
- un-, non-, in-
- Synonym: gayri-
- na- + tamam (“complete”) → natamam (“incomplete”)
- -less
- Synonym: -siz
- na- + ümit (“hope”) → naümit (“hopeless”)
Cognate with Ternate na- (“our”).
na-
- first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.
West Makian personal pronouns
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independent
|
possessive prefix
|
1st person singular
|
de
|
ti
|
2nd person singular
|
ni
|
ni
|
3rd person singular
|
me
|
mVan., dVinan.
|
1st person plural inclusive
|
ene
|
nV
|
1st person plural exclusive
|
imi
|
mi
|
2nd person plural
|
ini
|
fi
|
3rd person plural
|
eme
|
di
|
na-
- second-person singular clitic, you
- noco ― you see
The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
na-
- with, in company of
- (with subject concord) to have
na-
- and (joining individual words)
na-
- with, in company of
- (with subject concord) to have
The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:
- Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
- Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.
na-
- and (joining individual words)
- Synonym: futhi
- also, too
- Synonym: futhi
- even (implying an extreme example)