-다

Cognate to Korean 다 (-da)

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽ta⫽
• (Jeju City) IPA^(key): [ta̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [다]

다 (-da)

1. (formal) a plain style declarative suffix

   도새기것 먹엇다. ― Dosaegi-geot meogeot-da. ― The pig ate the fodder.

• 저 (-jeo)

From Middle Korean 다〮 (Yale: -tá), from Old Korean 如 (*-ta). First uncontroversially attested in 695 C.E.^[1]

다 • (-da)

1. In the plain style, the sentence-final declarative mood suffix. [since 695 C.E.]

   맛있겠다. ― Masitgetda. ― It looks delicious.

   우리가 이겼다. ― Uri-ga igyeotda. ― We won.

   길이 멀다. ― Gir-i meolda. ― The way is far.

   양궁 선수가 활을 쏜다. ― Yanggung seonsu-ga hwar-eul ssonda. ― The archery athlete shoots her bow.

   어머니가 아기를 업는다. ― Eomeoni-ga agi-reul eomneunda. ― The mother carries her baby on her back.

2. Used to form the dictionary citation form of verbs and adjectives; note that Korean verbs and adjectives are never lemmatized at the infinitive.

• 라 (-ra) (after certain suffixes, and in indirect quotes after the copulas; see the linked entry for more)

The contraction may be first attested only in the early twentieth century, such as in the 1922 literary journal Baekjo.^[2]

다 • (-da)

1. Contraction of 다가 (-daga, emphatic marker).

From Middle Korean 다 (Yale: -tà); see the main entry for more.

다 • (-da)

1. Alternative form of 다가 (-daga, “and then; but soon”, conveys one action halting and another beginning).

From Old Korean 如 (*-ta).

• IPA^(key): /tá/

다〮 (tá)

1. declarative mood sentence-final verbal suffix
   • orig. 14th century?, “西京別曲 / 서경별곡 (Seogyeong byeolgok)”, in 樂章歌詞 / 악장가사 (Akjang Gasa):

     아즐가 괴시란ᄃᆡ 우러곰 좃니노ᅌᅵ다

     aculka kwoysilantoy wulekwom cwosninwongita

     If you only loved me, I would chase after you as I wept

   • 1459, Hunmin jeongeum eonhae 訓民正音諺解 / 훈민정음언해:

     語(ᅌᅥᆼ〯)는 말〯ᄊᆞ미라〮

     NGĚ-nùn mǎlssòm-ìlá

     [The Chinese word] "語" is "speech".

   • 1586, Widow of Yi Eung-tae, Letter excavated from the grave of Yi Eung-tae:

     나ᄂᆞᆫ ᄭᅮ믈 자내 보려 믿고 인뇌이다

     na-non skwum-ul canay pwolye mitkwo innwoyita

     I'm trusting that I'll see you in my dreams.

Surfaces as the lenited allomorph 라〮 (-lá) after the following:

• The copula 이 (-i-) and suffixes derived from it:
  • The durative aspect suffix 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니〮 (-úní/óní)
  • The prospective aspect suffix 으〮리〮/ᄋᆞ〮리〮 (-úlí/ólí)
• The retrospective mood suffix 더〮 (Yale: -té-)
• The emphatic suffix 과〮 (Yale: -kwá-)
• The modulator suffix 오〮 (Yale: -wó-) or 우〮 (Yale: -wú-)