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→‎Etymology: A no true Scotsman argument is not a valid reason fro deleting content on this website, nor are arguments from subjective obviousness; the website is not aimed aimed exclusively at people with a foundation in PIE linguistics and we like to be as elaborate and accessible as possible in our etymologies.
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Apparently from a {{inh|grc|grk-pro|*ksún}}, but further connections are {{unc|grc|nocap=1}}. Younger form of Homeric and Old Attic {{m|grc|ξύν}}, {{cog|gmy|𐀓𐀱|ts=*ksun}}. These probably reflect {{der|grc|ine-pro|*sem-|*som-|one, together}} contaminated with the ''*ḱ'' of {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm||beside, with}} along with a conflation of their meanings.<ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|vol=2|page=1038}}</ref> However, the shift of the vowel is somewhat unusual. Another possibility, though dismissed by Beekes, is a special connection to {{cog|lt|sù}} and {{cog|sla-pro|*sъ(n)}}, but development of the Balto-Slavic from {{m|ine-pro|*sm̥-|*sm̥}} appears more likely.
Apparently from a {{inh|grc|grk-pro|*ksún}}, but further connections are {{unc|grc|nocap=1}}. Younger form of Homeric and Old Attic {{m|grc|ξύν}}, {{cog|gmy|𐀓𐀱|ts=*ksun}}. These probably reflect {{der|grc|ine-pro|*sem-|*som-|one, together (with)}} contaminated with the ''*ḱ'' of {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm||beside, with}} along with a conflation of their meanings <ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|vol=2|page=1038}}</ref> However, the /u/ is unexpected and unexplained under this proposal. Note that a derivation from ''*som-'' alone is impossible, since the ''*s-'' would be expected to give ''h-'' (aspiration); neither is the ''ks-'' explainable from ''*ḱóm'' alone. This makes its exact relation to {{cog|lt|sù}} and {{cog|sla-pro|*sъ(n)}} dubious, but if indeed a conflation of {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm}} and {{m|ine-pro|*sem-|*som-}}, then it's a cognate relation regardless.


The dative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.
The dative that this preposition governs continues the PIE comitative-instrumental.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===

Revision as of 23:06, 18 December 2023

See also: συν, συν-, and Appendix:Variations of "sun"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Apparently from a Proto-Hellenic *ksún, but further connections are uncertain. Younger form of Homeric and Old Attic ξύν (xún), Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀱 (ku-su /⁠*ksun⁠/). These probably reflect Proto-Indo-European *som- (“one, together (with)”) contaminated with the *ḱ of *ḱóm (“beside, with”) along with a conflation of their meanings [1] However, the /u/ is unexpected and unexplained under this proposal. Note that a derivation from *som- alone is impossible, since the *s- would be expected to give h- (aspiration); neither is the ks- explainable from *ḱóm alone. This makes its exact relation to Lithuanian sù and Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) dubious, but if indeed a conflation of *ḱóm and *som-, then it's a cognate relation regardless.

The dative that this preposition governs continues the PIE comitative-instrumental.

Pronunciation

 

Preposition

σῠ́ν • (sún) (governs the dative)

  1. beside, with

Usage notes

  • In compounds it has similar applications, including completeness, simultaneity.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: συν (syn)
  • Yevanic: שִׁין (šin)
  • → Dutch: syn-
  • → English: syn-, sym-
  • → French: syn-
  • → German: syn-
  • → Italian: sin-, sim-
  • → Polish: syn-

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1038
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