| 1. |
Liu H, et al. (2020).
|
|
In this study, per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (e.g., PFOS, PFOA, and/or their replacements) were positively associated with progesterone, cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in newborns. |
|
2-((6-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluorohexyl)oxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid
| perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
| perfluorodecanoic acid
| perfluorododecanoic acid
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid
| perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
| perfluoroundecanoic acid
|
Infants or newborns |
China |
serum, cord
|
2-((6-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluorohexyl)oxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid
| Cortodoxone
| perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
| perfluorodecanoic acid
| perfluorododecanoic acid
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
| perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid
| perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid
| perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
| perfluorooctanoic acid
| perfluoroundecanoic acid
| Progesterone
|
Details
|
|
|
| 2. |
Cathey AL, et al. (2019).
|
Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) |
These results indicate that exposure to phthalates may differentially impact the maternal endocrine system at different points during pregnancy, and that exposures to phthalate replacement chemicals may be particularly important to consider in future human health studies. |
|
2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate
| mono-benzyl phthalate
| monobutyl phthalate
| mono(carboxy-isooctyl)phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| mono-isobutyl phthalate
| Phthalic Acids
|
Pregnant females |
Puerto Rico |
serum
| urine
|
2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| CRH
| cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester
| Estriol
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate
| mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
| monobutyl phthalate
| mono(carboxy-isooctyl)phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| mono-isobutyl phthalate
| monoisononylphthalate
| Progesterone
| SHBG
| Testosterone
| Thyroxine
| Triiodothyronine
| TSHB
|
Details
|
corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
| progesterone secretion
| testosterone secretion
| thyroid hormone generation
|
Serum
|
| 3. |
Khan A, et al. (2017).
|
Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort Study |
We conducted a high-resolution metabolomics study and detected elevated metabolites of steroidogenesis and amino acid metabolism in preadolescent female children with high urinary bisphenol A levels. |
sex |
bisphenol A
|
Children |
Korea, Republic of |
urine
|
22-hydroxycholesterol
| 3-methoxytyramine
| aerobactin
| Androstenedione
| anthranilic acid
| bisphenol A
| Carnitine
| Cholesterol
| Corticosterone
| cortolone
| crotonyl-coenzyme A
| Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
| cytidine monophosphate-N-glycoloylneuraminic acid
| estrone sulfate
| fructose-6-phosphate
| glucosaminic acid
| Hydrocortisone
| isocaproaldehyde
| Malonyl Coenzyme A
| N-acetylmuramic acid
| N-acetylserotonin
| phenylacetylglycine
| Pregnanediol
| Progesterone
| testosterone glucuronate
|
Details
|
regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
| regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
|
Urine
|
| 4. |
Ajayi OO, et al. (2012).
|
|
Results suggest that elevated serum heavy metals (cadmium and lead) and reduction of essential micronutrients (zinc, copper and vitamin E) may contribute to recurrent spontaneous abortion. |
|
Cadmium
| Chromium
| Copper
| Iron
| Lead
| Magnesium
| Manganese
| Progesterone
| Selenium
| Tocopherols
| Zinc
|
Controls for disease:Abortion, Spontaneous
| Subjects with disease:Abortion, Spontaneous
| Pregnant females |
Nigeria |
serum
|
Cadmium
| Chromium
| Copper
| Iron
| Lead
| Magnesium
| Manganese
| Progesterone
| Selenium
| Tocopherols
| Zinc
|
Details
|
|
|
| 5. |
Sun Y, et al. (2019).
|
|
Our results indicate that increased copper levels in follicular fluid could affect follicle development in polycystic ovary syndrome patients, and the mechanism may be related to copper-induced abnormalities in steroidogenesis. |
|
Copper
| Elements
|
Controls for disease:Fallopian Tube Diseases
| Subjects with disease:Fallopian Tube Diseases
| Controls for disease:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
| Subjects with disease:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
|
China |
follicular fluid
|
Arsenic
| Calcium
| Chromium
| Copper
| Iron
| Lithium
| Magnesium
| Molybdenum
| Progesterone
| Selenium
| Strontium
| Testosterone
| Titanium
| Vanadium
| Zinc
|
Details
|
progesterone secretion
| testosterone secretion
|
Follicular Fluid
|
| 6. |
Johns LE, et al. (2015).
|
Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) |
In pregnant women, urinary phthalate metabolites may be associated with altered maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels, and the magnitude of these effects may depend on the timing of exposure during gestation. |
|
Diethylhexyl Phthalate
| mono(carboxy-isooctyl)phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| Phthalic Acids
|
Pregnant females |
Puerto Rico |
serum
| urine
|
2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate
| mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate
| mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
| mono-benzyl phthalate
| monobutyl phthalate
| mono(carboxy-isooctyl)phthalate
| monoethyl phthalate
| mono-isobutyl phthalate
| Progesterone
| Thyroxine
| Triiodothyronine
|
Details
|
negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process
| negative regulation of thyroid hormone generation
|
Serum
|
| 7. |
Toft G, et al. (2016).
|
|
Environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure was associated with steroid hormone and INSL3 concentrations in amniotic fluid, but was not associated with cryptorchidism or hypospadias in our study population. |
|
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
|
Pregnant females |
Denmark |
amniotic fluid
|
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
| Androstenedione
| Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
| Hydrocortisone
| INSL3
| Progesterone
| Testosterone
|
Details
|
Cryptorchidism
| Hypospadias
| regulation of gene expression
| regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process
|
Amniotic Fluid
|
| 8. |
Cathey AL, et al. (2022).
|
Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) |
We provide introductory evidence of hormone disruption on the causal pathway between phthalate exposure and early birth delivery; we also show differences by fetal sex, but larger sample size is necessary to validate our findings. |
sex |
Phthalic Acids
|
Fetuses | Pregnant females |
Puerto Rico |
serum
|
CRH
| Progesterone
| Thyroxine
|
Details
|
Premature Birth
| progesterone metabolic process
| regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
| thyroid hormone metabolic process
|
Serum
|