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Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Dawn Casey-Chiles, LCSW, CHT
Dawn Casey-Chiles
LCSW, CHT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
Offering a healing place for life changes that start with your personal readiness to go beyond the surface level issues. For individuals that ready to take a journey of personal transformation. Peeling back layers, whether hidden or aware to release, restore, connect and live authentically...mind, body and spirit.
Offering a healing place for life changes that start with your personal readiness to go beyond the surface level issues. For individuals that ready to take a journey of personal transformation. Peeling back layers, whether hidden or aware to release, restore, connect and live authentically...mind, body and spirit.
(901) 401-9817 View (901) 401-9817
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Godlove, PsyD, HSPP, Psychologist
Dr. Jennifer Godlove
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38134  (Online Only)
Life can get hard. We help you get unstuck. Given the last few years, we know that most people are experiencing challenges, but don’t always know where to go for help. We use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treat mood disorders, substance addictions, and pain management so you can live free. Let us guide you to finding your joy!
Life can get hard. We help you get unstuck. Given the last few years, we know that most people are experiencing challenges, but don’t always know where to go for help. We use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treat mood disorders, substance addictions, and pain management so you can live free. Let us guide you to finding your joy!
(901) 582-7319 View (901) 582-7319
Photo of Peter Longoria, MS, LPC, MHSP, (Temp), NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Peter Longoria
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, (Temp), NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
I specialize in helping adults who are struggling with trauma, adverse experiences, codependency, and anxiety to find healing and freedom by establishing healthy boundaries and self-compassion, enabling them to live more fully and authentically. I am passionate about helping people overcome these obstacles in their lives that just get in the way. I want to help you find healing and freedom, whether it be from relational issues, grief, anxiety, experiences of physical, emotional, or sexual trauma, adverse life experiences, loneliness, depression, shame, compulsive unwanted behaviors, and anything else.
I specialize in helping adults who are struggling with trauma, adverse experiences, codependency, and anxiety to find healing and freedom by establishing healthy boundaries and self-compassion, enabling them to live more fully and authentically. I am passionate about helping people overcome these obstacles in their lives that just get in the way. I want to help you find healing and freedom, whether it be from relational issues, grief, anxiety, experiences of physical, emotional, or sexual trauma, adverse life experiences, loneliness, depression, shame, compulsive unwanted behaviors, and anything else.
(901) 621-8628 View (901) 621-8628
Photo of Hugh D. Moore, PhD, MBA, Psychologist
Hugh D. Moore
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119  (Online Only)
We offer individual therapy for adults and couples therapy. Our specialties are relationship counseling, whether new, enduring, or ending, psychological testing, individual psychotherapy, and forensic services.
We offer individual therapy for adults and couples therapy. Our specialties are relationship counseling, whether new, enduring, or ending, psychological testing, individual psychotherapy, and forensic services.
(901) 235-2889 View (901) 235-2889
Photo of Ebony Bailey Lpc Mhsp, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Ebony Bailey Lpc Mhsp
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals who are at a crossroads in life. Whose goal is to move through life’s challenges. My ideal clients are those who are dealing with anxiety, adverse childhood experiences, codependency, communication, depression, life transitions, relationship stress, self-defeating beliefs, stress & traumatic experiences. Who are currently desiring support, balance & peace, but certain blocks have gotten in the way of finding enjoyment in life. Overtime, these blocks have disrupted your state of balance. Calming the nervous system is the foundation for this process. Choosing to invest in yourself is where you begin.
I enjoy working with individuals who are at a crossroads in life. Whose goal is to move through life’s challenges. My ideal clients are those who are dealing with anxiety, adverse childhood experiences, codependency, communication, depression, life transitions, relationship stress, self-defeating beliefs, stress & traumatic experiences. Who are currently desiring support, balance & peace, but certain blocks have gotten in the way of finding enjoyment in life. Overtime, these blocks have disrupted your state of balance. Calming the nervous system is the foundation for this process. Choosing to invest in yourself is where you begin.
(901) 881-7843 View (901) 881-7843
Photo of LaTraci Aldridge, PhD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
LaTraci Aldridge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
My mission is to empower clients with knowledge about themselves and their strengths. Furthermore, I will work clients to help them identify their truth as it relates to their lives. I seek to help clients pull from within themselves the strength needed to persevere and overcome daily life obstacles and struggles. I hope to have clients find their own strength to work through their issues. I aspire for clients to celebrate the small wins and use that to push them to greater gains.
My mission is to empower clients with knowledge about themselves and their strengths. Furthermore, I will work clients to help them identify their truth as it relates to their lives. I seek to help clients pull from within themselves the strength needed to persevere and overcome daily life obstacles and struggles. I hope to have clients find their own strength to work through their issues. I aspire for clients to celebrate the small wins and use that to push them to greater gains.
(901) 582-8063 View (901) 582-8063
Photo of Jessica Peeler, MA, LPCtemp, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Peeler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCtemp
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Through a client-centered approach and an integration of the mind-body connection, I have a desire to work with those facing trauma, attachment issues, family of origin issues, anxiety, depression, codependency, and grief. When we're able to tell the truth that life is hard and ask for help, we begin to taste freedom from the bondage of life’s pains. Thank you to all my past, present, and future clients. The hard work of telling the truth and asking for help can be so very hard and you are all some of the most courageous people I know.
Through a client-centered approach and an integration of the mind-body connection, I have a desire to work with those facing trauma, attachment issues, family of origin issues, anxiety, depression, codependency, and grief. When we're able to tell the truth that life is hard and ask for help, we begin to taste freedom from the bondage of life’s pains. Thank you to all my past, present, and future clients. The hard work of telling the truth and asking for help can be so very hard and you are all some of the most courageous people I know.
(901) 554-4852 x4 View (901) 554-4852 x4
Photo of Shemika Hullom, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shemika Hullom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38103  (Online Only)
You're hanging on by a thread. You just can't seem to shake this hustle and bustle mindset, and the truth is that you're stretching yourself too thin yet again. Unfortunately, others still expect you to give 100% as usual, but you're mentally exhausted and physically drained. There's an optimistic desire to keep moving forward, but you're stuck in place- full of frustration, anger, and burnout. The worst part is that every time you feel like you are making headway anxiety and depression rear their ugly heads. You have tried all you can think of to find balance and peace, but it hasn't worked. You need help- now.
You're hanging on by a thread. You just can't seem to shake this hustle and bustle mindset, and the truth is that you're stretching yourself too thin yet again. Unfortunately, others still expect you to give 100% as usual, but you're mentally exhausted and physically drained. There's an optimistic desire to keep moving forward, but you're stuck in place- full of frustration, anger, and burnout. The worst part is that every time you feel like you are making headway anxiety and depression rear their ugly heads. You have tried all you can think of to find balance and peace, but it hasn't worked. You need help- now.
(901) 668-8739 View (901) 668-8739
Photo of Holly Wade, LCSW, CDWF, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Wade
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDWF
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Would you like to find a way to recognize the positive things in your life and enjoy them without self doubt and anxiety? Are you in recovery from abuse or another traumatic event? Many people lose hope without realizing there are effective treatments to reduce reactivity and learn to walk through difficult times with grace. All of the Brené Brown, LMSW, PhD treatment models (The Daring Way, Rising Strong and Gifts of Imperfection) help you recognize your authenticity and gain skills to move through life with purpose and grace. EMDR can also help ease past trauma's and allow you to thrive despite difficult past experiences.
Would you like to find a way to recognize the positive things in your life and enjoy them without self doubt and anxiety? Are you in recovery from abuse or another traumatic event? Many people lose hope without realizing there are effective treatments to reduce reactivity and learn to walk through difficult times with grace. All of the Brené Brown, LMSW, PhD treatment models (The Daring Way, Rising Strong and Gifts of Imperfection) help you recognize your authenticity and gain skills to move through life with purpose and grace. EMDR can also help ease past trauma's and allow you to thrive despite difficult past experiences.
(901) 401-9415 View (901) 401-9415
Photo of Leigh Leslie Harrison, MA, LPCtemp, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Leigh Leslie Harrison
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCtemp, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
Leigh brings years of education and experience to help clients work through various issues. She is passionate about providing a safe space where clients can learn, grow, and make changes in order to live well in a broken world. Life can be difficult; however, her hope is that every client feels seen, heard, and understood. Recognizing that suffering is inevitable and that life brings challenges, Leigh welcomes clients who long to bring healing and redemption to their narrative. She would be honored to walk alongside you in whatever season in which you find yourself.
Leigh brings years of education and experience to help clients work through various issues. She is passionate about providing a safe space where clients can learn, grow, and make changes in order to live well in a broken world. Life can be difficult; however, her hope is that every client feels seen, heard, and understood. Recognizing that suffering is inevitable and that life brings challenges, Leigh welcomes clients who long to bring healing and redemption to their narrative. She would be honored to walk alongside you in whatever season in which you find yourself.
(901) 403-6391 x722 View (901) 403-6391 x722
Photo of Teresa Hall-Franklin, EdS, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Hall-Franklin
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38125
As a 3rd year Doctor of Behavioral Health Student, with 22 years of experience, you're in good hands! I am an advocate acceptance and safe spaces for all. Through a non-judgmental approach to healing and recovery, I offer talk and somatic counseling as tools to help with personal & professional goal attainment, unexpected life events, & painful experiences. I very much enjoy helping couples form stronger bonds for thriving marriages. It's a pleasure to walk alongside you on your journey to emotional and behavioral restoration. Call or text 901.608.1000 for the next available appointment.
As a 3rd year Doctor of Behavioral Health Student, with 22 years of experience, you're in good hands! I am an advocate acceptance and safe spaces for all. Through a non-judgmental approach to healing and recovery, I offer talk and somatic counseling as tools to help with personal & professional goal attainment, unexpected life events, & painful experiences. I very much enjoy helping couples form stronger bonds for thriving marriages. It's a pleasure to walk alongside you on your journey to emotional and behavioral restoration. Call or text 901.608.1000 for the next available appointment.
(901) 612-3799 View (901) 612-3799
Photo of Dr. Cassandra Denise Clariett, DMin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Cassandra Denise Clariett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DMin, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38109  (Online Only)
Mental Health is Our Passion and Helping People Heal is Our Purpose! Fresh or Frozen, Trauma Can Impact You In More Ways Than You Know! As Your Therapist, I am Here to Empower and Assist You In Living a Wholesome Life. You can expect to start your path to healing with Dr. Cassandra Clariett, LCSW-TN, AZ, right away.
Mental Health is Our Passion and Helping People Heal is Our Purpose! Fresh or Frozen, Trauma Can Impact You In More Ways Than You Know! As Your Therapist, I am Here to Empower and Assist You In Living a Wholesome Life. You can expect to start your path to healing with Dr. Cassandra Clariett, LCSW-TN, AZ, right away.
(901) 350-6858 View (901) 350-6858
Photo of George Tsirgiotis, MSEd, MAR, LMFT, LPCMHSP, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
George Tsirgiotis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, MAR, LMFT, LPCMHSP, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38111
Many of the people that I meet in my practice are feeling "stuck" in some area of life - they can't seem to get traction in making change happen. Addictions, co-dependence, anxiety, depression, anger, poor self-image, lack of assertiveness, lack of closeness in relationships, and struggles with getting past major life traumas are many of the issues we focus on in sessions.
Many of the people that I meet in my practice are feeling "stuck" in some area of life - they can't seem to get traction in making change happen. Addictions, co-dependence, anxiety, depression, anger, poor self-image, lack of assertiveness, lack of closeness in relationships, and struggles with getting past major life traumas are many of the issues we focus on in sessions.
(901) 458-6291 View (901) 458-6291
Photo of Ira Martin, Temp, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ira Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, Temp
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
“The difficulties that you’re experiencing today can’t compare to the joy that’s coming.” Let's face it, life can really throw us curveballs. If you are someone that’s dealing with the struggles of day-to-day living and finding it difficult to overcome these challenges, let’s work together to regain the strength that you already possess.
“The difficulties that you’re experiencing today can’t compare to the joy that’s coming.” Let's face it, life can really throw us curveballs. If you are someone that’s dealing with the struggles of day-to-day living and finding it difficult to overcome these challenges, let’s work together to regain the strength that you already possess.
(901) 621-3269 View (901) 621-3269
Photo of Lawrence Elliott, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lawrence Elliott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Brene Brown wrote that "Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we'll ever do". I aim to create a safe place and a trusting relationship that will help you bravely share your story. Once we find the courage to share our truths, the courage to heal and change can come shortly after. Nothing that we experience is wasted story.
Brene Brown wrote that "Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we'll ever do". I aim to create a safe place and a trusting relationship that will help you bravely share your story. Once we find the courage to share our truths, the courage to heal and change can come shortly after. Nothing that we experience is wasted story.
(901) 567-2246 View (901) 567-2246
Photo of Alex G Smith - Alex Smith Counseling, LPC-, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alex Smith Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
::You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves. {excerpt from Mary Oliver’s Wild Geese):: When seeking help, the therapeutic relationship is where it all starts. My desire is to offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate foundation for each person I share space with. I want you to believe, as much as I do, in your own inherent resilience and capacity to self- heal.
::You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves. {excerpt from Mary Oliver’s Wild Geese):: When seeking help, the therapeutic relationship is where it all starts. My desire is to offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate foundation for each person I share space with. I want you to believe, as much as I do, in your own inherent resilience and capacity to self- heal.
(901) 350-5241 View (901) 350-5241
Photo of Danielle Tipping, PsyD, Psychologist
Danielle Tipping
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38119
Developing your personal and relational identity is the top focus of the therapy I provide. My goal as your provider is to help you reach your full potential for growth and happiness. I help those who are experiencing gender dysphoria, sexuality concerns, mood disturbance, anxiety issues, behavioral issues, trauma survivors, and those who are self-harming or suicidal reconnect with whom they are essentially. I believe it is imperative to identify and examine systemic, environmental, and community influences that may be thwarting your growth and decrease self-blame for factors outside your control.
Developing your personal and relational identity is the top focus of the therapy I provide. My goal as your provider is to help you reach your full potential for growth and happiness. I help those who are experiencing gender dysphoria, sexuality concerns, mood disturbance, anxiety issues, behavioral issues, trauma survivors, and those who are self-harming or suicidal reconnect with whom they are essentially. I believe it is imperative to identify and examine systemic, environmental, and community influences that may be thwarting your growth and decrease self-blame for factors outside your control.
(901) 472-7870 View (901) 472-7870
Photo of Hallie Bloom, LPC, CT, CCLS, PBS, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hallie Bloom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CT, CCLS, PBS, EMDR
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Hallie is a licensed professional counselor, a certified grief counselor, educator, pet bereavement specialist, and a certified child life specialist. I practice at MERCI, (Mental and Emotional Resource Center) in Memphis, Tennessee, providing individual sessions, focused on grief and loss, pet loss, addiction, recovery and all mental health issues. My Child Life training and 30 years of experience, provides me with the knowledge and abilities to work with children, adolescents and their families who are dealing with acute, chronic and terminal illness. Change in our lives is constant and often go unrecognized as Grief issues.
Hallie is a licensed professional counselor, a certified grief counselor, educator, pet bereavement specialist, and a certified child life specialist. I practice at MERCI, (Mental and Emotional Resource Center) in Memphis, Tennessee, providing individual sessions, focused on grief and loss, pet loss, addiction, recovery and all mental health issues. My Child Life training and 30 years of experience, provides me with the knowledge and abilities to work with children, adolescents and their families who are dealing with acute, chronic and terminal illness. Change in our lives is constant and often go unrecognized as Grief issues.
(901) 641-1127 View (901) 641-1127
Photo of Dominique Walker, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dominique Walker
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
With all the challenges that we are facing in our world today, mental health is more important now than ever. Too often, people are riddled with anxiety, grief, and past traumas that prevent them from becoming their best selves. There are some who even feel like they have lost touch with their inner authentic selves, and have trouble being dedicated to their faith while seeking help. My goal is to help those that are in need of finding the balance needed to create a life worth living. Together, we can overcome anxiety, grief and much more, by taking care of both your mental and spiritual health.
With all the challenges that we are facing in our world today, mental health is more important now than ever. Too often, people are riddled with anxiety, grief, and past traumas that prevent them from becoming their best selves. There are some who even feel like they have lost touch with their inner authentic selves, and have trouble being dedicated to their faith while seeking help. My goal is to help those that are in need of finding the balance needed to create a life worth living. Together, we can overcome anxiety, grief and much more, by taking care of both your mental and spiritual health.
(901) 479-0306 View (901) 479-0306
Photo of Amy Collie - Planted Therapy Group, Licensed Professional Counselor
Planted Therapy Group
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
We are a group of licensed and master’s level mental health care providers who specialize in helping people navigate life’s challenges. As a group, we work together to meet individual, relationship, and family needs. Clinical specializations vary among our clinicians. Check out our website at www.plantedtherapygroup.com to learn more about our clinicians and see if we're a good fit for your needs. Let us help you connect with one of our therapists who meets your needs and is available to see you, online or in-person. As you walk along your personal growth journey, we would be honored to be a part of it.
We are a group of licensed and master’s level mental health care providers who specialize in helping people navigate life’s challenges. As a group, we work together to meet individual, relationship, and family needs. Clinical specializations vary among our clinicians. Check out our website at www.plantedtherapygroup.com to learn more about our clinicians and see if we're a good fit for your needs. Let us help you connect with one of our therapists who meets your needs and is available to see you, online or in-person. As you walk along your personal growth journey, we would be honored to be a part of it.
(901) 654-5551 View (901) 654-5551
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Cigna and Evernorth
71% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.