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Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Shannon Carroll, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95834  (Online Only)
Has life thrown overwhelming challenges at you? If you're suffering from anxiety, depression, loneliness, or general life transitions - my goal is to help you understand that your experiences are valid and worth addressing. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalized treatment plans that address specific needs and goals.
Has life thrown overwhelming challenges at you? If you're suffering from anxiety, depression, loneliness, or general life transitions - my goal is to help you understand that your experiences are valid and worth addressing. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalized treatment plans that address specific needs and goals.
(916) 619-0194 View (916) 619-0194
Photo of Sonia Garcia, BA, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Sonia Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, BA
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Our experiences from an early age contribute to shaping our personalities, behavior, and our perspective on the world. I strongly believe that everyone deserves a chance at healing from any adversity they may have faced in their life. I provide a safe environment and welcome individuals from all religious backgrounds, races/ethnicities, and from the LGBTQ+ community. I am dedicated to helping everyone, but have a strong interest in working with adult individuals and couples. I believe that with my compassion, empathy, and with my client’s desire for self-improvement we can accomplish many goals together.
Our experiences from an early age contribute to shaping our personalities, behavior, and our perspective on the world. I strongly believe that everyone deserves a chance at healing from any adversity they may have faced in their life. I provide a safe environment and welcome individuals from all religious backgrounds, races/ethnicities, and from the LGBTQ+ community. I am dedicated to helping everyone, but have a strong interest in working with adult individuals and couples. I believe that with my compassion, empathy, and with my client’s desire for self-improvement we can accomplish many goals together.
(916) 249-7038 View (916) 249-7038
Photo of Jennifer Getzschmann, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Getzschmann
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Hi there, I'm Jennifer, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I entered the clinical field working with individuals with severe mental illness. Through my education and experience, I have learned that I identify as a CBT(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) oriented therapist with a wide range of intervention techniques from DBT to Solution Focused to support my clients in working from where they are at. I have extensive experience working with teens to adults in transitional phases of life, school changes, work changes, and relationship changes.
Hi there, I'm Jennifer, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I entered the clinical field working with individuals with severe mental illness. Through my education and experience, I have learned that I identify as a CBT(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) oriented therapist with a wide range of intervention techniques from DBT to Solution Focused to support my clients in working from where they are at. I have extensive experience working with teens to adults in transitional phases of life, school changes, work changes, and relationship changes.
(530) 214-5546 View (530) 214-5546
Photo of Jordanne Stacy, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jordanne Stacy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Are you ready for change? Welcome to a space of warmth and understanding. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I offer a compassionate approach to therapy, providing support as you navigate life's challenges. I believe that everyone's life journey is unique, which is why I individualize every treatment plan. I have years of experience working with couples, and individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and trauma.
Are you ready for change? Welcome to a space of warmth and understanding. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I offer a compassionate approach to therapy, providing support as you navigate life's challenges. I believe that everyone's life journey is unique, which is why I individualize every treatment plan. I have years of experience working with couples, and individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and trauma.
(530) 900-0296 View (530) 900-0296
Photo of Julia Hadricky, PsyD, Psychologist
Julia Hadricky
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with specialization in the treatment of psychological trauma. I understand the deep, core wounds that emotional neglect and/or verbal, physical and sexual abuse inflict. I am here to help you make sense out of what happened, as well as, what didn’t happen but needed to in order for you to feel like a safe, whole, loved and worthwhile human being. I am here to help you heal, to find hope, to claim your own life, and to protect and celebrate your authentic self.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with specialization in the treatment of psychological trauma. I understand the deep, core wounds that emotional neglect and/or verbal, physical and sexual abuse inflict. I am here to help you make sense out of what happened, as well as, what didn’t happen but needed to in order for you to feel like a safe, whole, loved and worthwhile human being. I am here to help you heal, to find hope, to claim your own life, and to protect and celebrate your authentic self.
(916) 536-7180 View (916) 536-7180
Photo of John Meyer, PhD, Psychologist
John Meyer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I have been in clinical practice for 25 years. I have been able to work with people from all walks of life who may be struggling with issues that may either be long-standing or contemporary in nature. Therapy begins with trying to help my clients arrive at clearer conceptualizations as to why they are struggling. The reasons behind the struggle may based in history and/or based on a present challenge. My view is that when one has a more accurate view of the issue, solutions, with therapeutic guidance, tend to follow more naturally.
I have been in clinical practice for 25 years. I have been able to work with people from all walks of life who may be struggling with issues that may either be long-standing or contemporary in nature. Therapy begins with trying to help my clients arrive at clearer conceptualizations as to why they are struggling. The reasons behind the struggle may based in history and/or based on a present challenge. My view is that when one has a more accurate view of the issue, solutions, with therapeutic guidance, tend to follow more naturally.
(916) 259-3965 View (916) 259-3965
Photo of Jennifer Greene, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
If you're navigating life challenges that affect your well-being and seeking effective coping strategies, longing to feel understood, supported, and guided toward a more positive perspective, I'm here to assist! My approach centers on you, prioritizing your needs to bring clarity and tranquility through clinical support tailored to your goals.
If you're navigating life challenges that affect your well-being and seeking effective coping strategies, longing to feel understood, supported, and guided toward a more positive perspective, I'm here to assist! My approach centers on you, prioritizing your needs to bring clarity and tranquility through clinical support tailored to your goals.
(916) 710-8749 View (916) 710-8749
Photo of Kendra Cunha, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kendra Cunha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95842
Welcome! My name is Kendra Cunha, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I believe that safety and trust are the foundation of a good therapeutic relationship. Despite your circumstances, I will welcome you into a judgment-free space. My client focus includes individuals (Adults and Teens), Couples, and Elders (65+). I enjoy working with all communities. My passion is helping those who are struggling with interpersonal relationships, family conflict, life transitions, trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, stress, medical trauma, and self-harm.
Welcome! My name is Kendra Cunha, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I believe that safety and trust are the foundation of a good therapeutic relationship. Despite your circumstances, I will welcome you into a judgment-free space. My client focus includes individuals (Adults and Teens), Couples, and Elders (65+). I enjoy working with all communities. My passion is helping those who are struggling with interpersonal relationships, family conflict, life transitions, trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, stress, medical trauma, and self-harm.
(916) 471-4435 View (916) 471-4435
Photo of Allison Carr Bachelder Is Not Currently Accepting New Clients., AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Allison Carr Bachelder Is Not Currently Accepting New Clients.
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811
“Just because no one else can heal or do your inner work for you doesn’t mean you can, need, or should do it alone.” – Lisa Olivera. I deeply understand and respect the complexity of the human experience. I consider it a privilege to work with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples as they navigate life. I consider it a privilege to work with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples as they navigate life. I collaborate with clients to learn their unique needs, individualize therapeutic tools, and integrate research-based techniques.
“Just because no one else can heal or do your inner work for you doesn’t mean you can, need, or should do it alone.” – Lisa Olivera. I deeply understand and respect the complexity of the human experience. I consider it a privilege to work with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples as they navigate life. I consider it a privilege to work with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples as they navigate life. I collaborate with clients to learn their unique needs, individualize therapeutic tools, and integrate research-based techniques.
(916) 884-2567 View (916) 884-2567
Photo of Annie Temple, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Temple
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist with a warm, relational style and a commitment to compassionate evidence-based interventions, my goal is to help you discover your true potential. By applying mindfulness and insight-based therapies, we can develop understanding into unworkable behavior patterns and unhelpful thoughts that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and fulfilling life. Together, we will help you to create a life that is in alignment with what's most important to you.
As a therapist with a warm, relational style and a commitment to compassionate evidence-based interventions, my goal is to help you discover your true potential. By applying mindfulness and insight-based therapies, we can develop understanding into unworkable behavior patterns and unhelpful thoughts that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and fulfilling life. Together, we will help you to create a life that is in alignment with what's most important to you.
(530) 419-5551 View (530) 419-5551
Photo of Janina Guarino - Better Decisions Counseling, LAADC, CA, CADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Better Decisions Counseling
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC, CA, CADC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Why choose us? Because of our methods of Cognitive Behavior Theory counseling. Counseling services have a 86% goal success rate! Open till 7:00 by appointment. We offer Supervise visits, Co-parenting, Anger Management, Alcohol Forensic Assessments & Evaluations, Drug testing, a Department of Transportation Substance Abuse Professional (DOT/SAP) Education to help you achieve your goals. Interventions and referrals to residential treatment centers and Sober Living available. Don't forget to like our Facebook page! Call us! Located in Sacramento and nearby.
Why choose us? Because of our methods of Cognitive Behavior Theory counseling. Counseling services have a 86% goal success rate! Open till 7:00 by appointment. We offer Supervise visits, Co-parenting, Anger Management, Alcohol Forensic Assessments & Evaluations, Drug testing, a Department of Transportation Substance Abuse Professional (DOT/SAP) Education to help you achieve your goals. Interventions and referrals to residential treatment centers and Sober Living available. Don't forget to like our Facebook page! Call us! Located in Sacramento and nearby.
(916) 318-3402 View (916) 318-3402
Photo of Kimberly M. Miller, PhD, ABPP-CN, Psychologist
Kimberly M. Miller
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
If your child struggles with peers, attention, school, or mood/ anxiety, I can provide a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to help you learn what is going on and what next steps to take. This assessment answers questions related to concerns for ADHD, autism, learning disabilities, or medical conditions. The goal is to figure out how to best support your child! In some cases, your child may already have an IEP or 504, but you feel they are not getting all the support they need or you do not understand the results. In these cases, a comprehensive evaluation may help.
If your child struggles with peers, attention, school, or mood/ anxiety, I can provide a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to help you learn what is going on and what next steps to take. This assessment answers questions related to concerns for ADHD, autism, learning disabilities, or medical conditions. The goal is to figure out how to best support your child! In some cases, your child may already have an IEP or 504, but you feel they are not getting all the support they need or you do not understand the results. In these cases, a comprehensive evaluation may help.
(916) 822-7306 View (916) 822-7306
Photo of Michele Villarreal, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Villarreal
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Are you feeling hopeless and stuck? Is trauma impacting you from living a fulfilled life? Are you struggling with your relationships with family and friends? Are you being triggered daily and reliving old trauma? Do you want to thrive instead of struggle? Traumatic experiences can impact every facet of our current lives if it hasn’t been processed. If you have experienced trauma that inhibits you to live in the moment and thrive instead of struggle, maybe it's time to begin therapy. Processing traumatic experiences can improve your perception of yourself and can positively impact your relationships with people in your life.
Are you feeling hopeless and stuck? Is trauma impacting you from living a fulfilled life? Are you struggling with your relationships with family and friends? Are you being triggered daily and reliving old trauma? Do you want to thrive instead of struggle? Traumatic experiences can impact every facet of our current lives if it hasn’t been processed. If you have experienced trauma that inhibits you to live in the moment and thrive instead of struggle, maybe it's time to begin therapy. Processing traumatic experiences can improve your perception of yourself and can positively impact your relationships with people in your life.
(916) 553-2181 View (916) 553-2181
Photo of Dr. Alex L Andrade Jr., PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Alex L Andrade Jr.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
When we encounter life stressors, whether anticipated or not, we experience a range of reactions. Many of which, we are not told how to deal with, yet are expected to manage. Mental health issues might complicate our ability to manage stressors, thereby worsening symptoms and making it even more difficult to handle both life and one's mental well-being. We sometimes feel as though those around us, despite their well intentions and support, do not quite understand what we are going through. We may feel unable to find our way, feel how we felt, or pursue what we hoped our life to be.
When we encounter life stressors, whether anticipated or not, we experience a range of reactions. Many of which, we are not told how to deal with, yet are expected to manage. Mental health issues might complicate our ability to manage stressors, thereby worsening symptoms and making it even more difficult to handle both life and one's mental well-being. We sometimes feel as though those around us, despite their well intentions and support, do not quite understand what we are going through. We may feel unable to find our way, feel how we felt, or pursue what we hoped our life to be.
(916) 764-3510 View (916) 764-3510
Photo of Darren Smith, PsyD, Psychologist
Darren Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
I genuinely care about my clients and our sessions are goal-directed and purposeful, so you don't spend more time or money in therapy than necessary. I received my doctorate in 2008 and have been a licensed psychologist since 2009. I've worked in a wide variety of settings with people from all walks of life, including college students, medical staff, law-enforcement, and many others. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, difficult relationships, or some other issue, together we can tackle it.
I genuinely care about my clients and our sessions are goal-directed and purposeful, so you don't spend more time or money in therapy than necessary. I received my doctorate in 2008 and have been a licensed psychologist since 2009. I've worked in a wide variety of settings with people from all walks of life, including college students, medical staff, law-enforcement, and many others. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, difficult relationships, or some other issue, together we can tackle it.
(916) 894-8529 View (916) 894-8529
Photo of Kathryn Gooden Gonzales, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn Gooden Gonzales
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Waitlist for new clients
My years training and work has helped patients gain self-awareness, increase in their positive perceptions of themselves, gain and building upon new strategies in breaking unhealthy cycles, and addressing the "elephant in the room". It is understood that stressors & life changes happen; so knowing these challenges we can get stuck on where to go next. So, let me assist in gaining the joy and happiness in a healthy functional manner that you so deserve.
My years training and work has helped patients gain self-awareness, increase in their positive perceptions of themselves, gain and building upon new strategies in breaking unhealthy cycles, and addressing the "elephant in the room". It is understood that stressors & life changes happen; so knowing these challenges we can get stuck on where to go next. So, let me assist in gaining the joy and happiness in a healthy functional manner that you so deserve.
(916) 945-2465 View (916) 945-2465
Photo of Shelley Tirsbeck, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shelley Tirsbeck
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
My clinical work is dedicated to helping people overcome suffering while developing healthy, productive, and fulfilling relationships and lives. I offer supportive, confidential, and individually-tailored treatment for individuals, couples, and children. I have a flexible and integrative orientation that is influenced by psychodynamic relational theories while integrating mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. I treat anxiety depression, trauma, relationship and sexual issues and LGBTQ Issues. I am committed to helping you receive the best services possible and I am happy to discuss your needs with you to determine whether working together would be a good fit. I look forward to speaking with you.
My clinical work is dedicated to helping people overcome suffering while developing healthy, productive, and fulfilling relationships and lives. I offer supportive, confidential, and individually-tailored treatment for individuals, couples, and children. I have a flexible and integrative orientation that is influenced by psychodynamic relational theories while integrating mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. I treat anxiety depression, trauma, relationship and sexual issues and LGBTQ Issues. I am committed to helping you receive the best services possible and I am happy to discuss your needs with you to determine whether working together would be a good fit. I look forward to speaking with you.
(916) 269-5575 View (916) 269-5575
Photo of Catherine Cohen, PsyD, Psychologist
Catherine Cohen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
In my practice, I blend a warm, compassionate and respectful approach along with solid science and practical experience. Clients find that the simple act of talking in therapy provides a wealth of information which in turn brings decisions about what to do. My special areas of focus Include work with abuse and trauma survivors, relationship and intimacy issues, work concerns, culture and identity concerns, & chronic illness and health. I welcome adults and adolescents to my practice, and offer individual, couples and family therapy.
In my practice, I blend a warm, compassionate and respectful approach along with solid science and practical experience. Clients find that the simple act of talking in therapy provides a wealth of information which in turn brings decisions about what to do. My special areas of focus Include work with abuse and trauma survivors, relationship and intimacy issues, work concerns, culture and identity concerns, & chronic illness and health. I welcome adults and adolescents to my practice, and offer individual, couples and family therapy.
(916) 444-8834 View (916) 444-8834
Photo of William Schult, LMFT, PPS, Marriage & Family Therapist
William Schult
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I treat adult individuals and couples who are motivated, open-minded and committed to their own success. I enjoy working with insightful and reflective people struggling with relational issues like infidelity, intimacy, moving on from a relationship and poly/open relationships. I'm experienced working with high-demand professionals, fellow therapists, doctors and LGBT clients seeking to repair their relationships or overcome personal obstacles. I'm also the Founder/Executive Director for Couples Resource Collective and served two terms as Treasurer for the Sacramento Valley California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
I treat adult individuals and couples who are motivated, open-minded and committed to their own success. I enjoy working with insightful and reflective people struggling with relational issues like infidelity, intimacy, moving on from a relationship and poly/open relationships. I'm experienced working with high-demand professionals, fellow therapists, doctors and LGBT clients seeking to repair their relationships or overcome personal obstacles. I'm also the Founder/Executive Director for Couples Resource Collective and served two terms as Treasurer for the Sacramento Valley California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
(916) 458-4017 View (916) 458-4017
Photo of Sascha Bowlin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sascha Bowlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Sascha, Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time.
Hello, I'm Sascha, Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time.
(916) 610-4260 View (916) 610-4260

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
67% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.