This document provides a synopsis for a Master's thesis project titled "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films of Lisinopril". The project aims to develop fast dissolving films of the hypertension drug Lisinopril to improve patient compliance. Literature on fast dissolving drug delivery systems and films has been reviewed. The planned work involves preparing Lisinopril films using natural and synthetic polymers through various techniques and evaluating the films for properties like drug content, dissolution, and pharmacodynamics. If successful, the fast dissolving Lisinopril films could provide quick action and ease of administration benefits for hypertension patients.
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of an artemether sustained release floating bilayer tablet. It aims to develop a floating drug delivery system for artemether to increase its gastric residence time and provide sustained release to ensure optimal drug levels in the blood and minimize side effects. The document provides background on floating drug delivery systems and reviews previous literature on developing such systems for other drugs. It then gives information on the drug artemether and outlines the objectives and methodology that will be used in the study.
The document discusses preformulation, which involves determining the physicochemical properties of a new drug substance to aid in developing a stable dosage form. Key goals are to formulate a safe, effective dosage form with good bioavailability. The document outlines areas studied in preformulation including solubility, polymorphism, hygroscopicity, and particle characterization. Understanding these properties helps ensure the drug will perform as intended.
This document discusses ocular drug delivery systems. It begins by introducing the need for ocular drug delivery and routes of administration to the eye. It then describes the anatomy and barriers of the eye. The document outlines various traditional and advanced ocular drug delivery systems including solutions, suspensions, ointments, inserts, and vesicular systems like liposomes and niosomes. It discusses factors influencing drug absorption in the eye and characteristics of ideal ocular drug delivery formulations. The trends in ocular drug delivery include controlled release systems like implants and iontophoresis.
Buccal drug delivery systems provide a promising route for drug administration. They allow drugs to bypass first-pass metabolism by absorbing through the buccal mucosa into the systemic circulation via the facial veins. This presentation discusses buccal tablets, patches, films, gels and ointments as potential dosage forms. Key advantages are ease of administration, termination of therapy, and localization of drug in the oral cavity. However, drugs must not irritate oral tissues and must be stable at buccal pH levels. Evaluation parameters for these systems include residence time, permeation, swelling, release rate and toxicity studies. Some commercial buccal products are used to treat nausea, angina and oral infections.
Factors affecting design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (write-up)
This document discusses factors affecting the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS). It outlines several key considerations including selection of the drug candidate based on properties like solubility and half-life. It also discusses medical rationales like dosing frequency and patient compliance. Biological factors that influence absorption, distribution, and elimination are examined. Physicochemical properties of the drug like solubility, molecular size, and ionization must also be considered. The document provides an in-depth overview of factors involved in developing an effective CRDDS formulation.
This document discusses Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-solvents that can solubilize drugs and promote self-emulsification. SEDDS enhance oral drug bioavailability, protect drugs from the hostile gastrointestinal environment, and reduce variability. The document describes the components of SEDDS including oils, surfactants, co-surfactants and drugs. It also outlines the formulation process and methods to evaluate parameters like stability, dispersibility, droplet size and drug release. SEDDS are a promising approach for improving oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
This document discusses ocular drug delivery systems. It begins by describing the anatomy of the human eye and then discusses mechanisms of ocular absorption. There are various pathways and factors that can affect intraocular bioavailability. Controlled release systems are then described as they can provide accurate dosing, increased shelf life, and prolonged drug delivery. Various types of ocular controlled release systems are classified including non-erodible, erodible, nanoparticle, and liposome systems. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery technologies are also mentioned such as gels, prodrugs, and mucoadhesive polymers.
The document provides information on nasopulmonary drug delivery systems including nasal drug delivery and pulmonary drug delivery. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity and respiratory tract. It also describes various formulation approaches for nasal delivery such as nasal gels, drops, sprays and powders. The document further explains dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers and nebulizers as pulmonary drug delivery systems along with their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses some marketed products for nasal sprays, dry powder inhalers and metered dose inhalers.
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS)SanketPawar47
This is slide about formulation and evaluations of transdermal drugs delivery system . Introduction , general structure of TDDS , basic components of TDDS , approch for formulation of TDDS , manufacturing processes for TDDS ,and evaluations of TDDS
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of an artemether sustained release floating bilayer tablet. It aims to develop a floating drug delivery system for artemether to increase its gastric residence time and provide sustained release to ensure optimal drug levels in the blood and minimize side effects. The document provides background on floating drug delivery systems and reviews previous literature on developing such systems for other drugs. It then gives information on the drug artemether and outlines the objectives and methodology that will be used in the study.
The document discusses preformulation, which involves determining the physicochemical properties of a new drug substance to aid in developing a stable dosage form. Key goals are to formulate a safe, effective dosage form with good bioavailability. The document outlines areas studied in preformulation including solubility, polymorphism, hygroscopicity, and particle characterization. Understanding these properties helps ensure the drug will perform as intended.
This document discusses ocular drug delivery systems. It begins by introducing the need for ocular drug delivery and routes of administration to the eye. It then describes the anatomy and barriers of the eye. The document outlines various traditional and advanced ocular drug delivery systems including solutions, suspensions, ointments, inserts, and vesicular systems like liposomes and niosomes. It discusses factors influencing drug absorption in the eye and characteristics of ideal ocular drug delivery formulations. The trends in ocular drug delivery include controlled release systems like implants and iontophoresis.
Buccal drug delivery systems provide a promising route for drug administration. They allow drugs to bypass first-pass metabolism by absorbing through the buccal mucosa into the systemic circulation via the facial veins. This presentation discusses buccal tablets, patches, films, gels and ointments as potential dosage forms. Key advantages are ease of administration, termination of therapy, and localization of drug in the oral cavity. However, drugs must not irritate oral tissues and must be stable at buccal pH levels. Evaluation parameters for these systems include residence time, permeation, swelling, release rate and toxicity studies. Some commercial buccal products are used to treat nausea, angina and oral infections.
Factors affecting design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (write-up)Suraj Choudhary
This document discusses factors affecting the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS). It outlines several key considerations including selection of the drug candidate based on properties like solubility and half-life. It also discusses medical rationales like dosing frequency and patient compliance. Biological factors that influence absorption, distribution, and elimination are examined. Physicochemical properties of the drug like solubility, molecular size, and ionization must also be considered. The document provides an in-depth overview of factors involved in developing an effective CRDDS formulation.
Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS)Ashutosh Panke
This document discusses Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-solvents that can solubilize drugs and promote self-emulsification. SEDDS enhance oral drug bioavailability, protect drugs from the hostile gastrointestinal environment, and reduce variability. The document describes the components of SEDDS including oils, surfactants, co-surfactants and drugs. It also outlines the formulation process and methods to evaluate parameters like stability, dispersibility, droplet size and drug release. SEDDS are a promising approach for improving oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
This document discusses ocular drug delivery systems. It begins by describing the anatomy of the human eye and then discusses mechanisms of ocular absorption. There are various pathways and factors that can affect intraocular bioavailability. Controlled release systems are then described as they can provide accurate dosing, increased shelf life, and prolonged drug delivery. Various types of ocular controlled release systems are classified including non-erodible, erodible, nanoparticle, and liposome systems. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery technologies are also mentioned such as gels, prodrugs, and mucoadhesive polymers.
This document provides an overview of osmotic drug delivery systems. It discusses the basic components and principles of osmosis that osmotic drug delivery systems utilize. The key components discussed include the drug, osmogen, semipermeable membrane, and factors that affect drug release such as solubility, osmotic pressure, delivery orifice size, and membrane type. A variety of osmotic pump designs are also briefly mentioned.
ALZET osmotic pumps are implantable devices that continuously deliver solutions over a set duration at a constant rate. They offer a simple alternative to repetitive injections by providing around-the-clock exposure to test agents without needing frequent animal handling. ALZET pumps work through osmosis, using no batteries or electronics. They have various sizes to deliver agents from 1 day to 6 weeks at controlled rates. Common applications include delivering drugs, hormones, and other compounds in animal research.
Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery SystemSimranDhiman12
Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Permeation enhancers are substances that reduce the skin barrier's ability to make skin more permeable and allow drug molecules to cross the skin at a faster rate
advantages and disadvantages
types of penetration enhancers
techniques
physical and chemical enhancers
The document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol. Niosomes can encapsulate drugs and deliver them to target sites in the body, providing advantages over other drug delivery systems. The document outlines the general characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, structure, preparation methods, and applications of niosomes. It also compares niosomes to liposomes and discusses factors that affect the physicochemical properties of niosomes.
This document discusses different types of controlled drug delivery systems. It classifies systems as rate preprogrammed, activation modulated, or feedback regulated. Rate preprogrammed systems are further broken down into polymer membrane permeation controlled systems, polymer matrix diffusion controlled systems, and microreservoir partition controlled systems. The key aspects and release kinetics of each system type are described through examples. Factors that influence drug release rates from these systems include membrane thickness, drug solubility, diffusivity, and partitioning coefficients.
United State Pharmacopoeia (USP)The establishment of a rational relationship between a biological property, or a parameter derived from a biological property produced by a dosage form, and a physicochemical property or characteristic of the same dosage form.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definitionIVIVC is a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in vitro property of a dosage form and a relevant in vivo response. Generally, the in vitro property is the rate or extent of drug dissolution or release while the in vivo response is the plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed.
This document provides an overview of transdermal drug delivery systems. It defines transdermal therapeutic systems as self-contained dosage forms that deliver drugs through the skin at a controlled rate. The document outlines the contents to be covered, which include the advantages and structure of the skin, permeation through skin, and formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery systems. It also briefly discusses the history and factors affecting permeation through skin.
Ocuserts are solid or semisolid ocular inserts designed for ophthalmic drug delivery. They deliver drugs at a constant rate via diffusion and increase corneal contact time to prolong drug effects. This improves bioavailability and reduces dosing frequency. Ocuserts consist of a central drug reservoir, rate-controlling membrane, and outer ring. They are classified as insoluble, soluble, or bioerodible inserts depending on their composition. Insoluble inserts include diffusional and osmotic inserts that control drug release via membranes. Soluble inserts are natural or synthetic polymers that diffuse drug. Bioerodible inserts modulate drug release during erosion.
Kalle. confesiones de un asesino en serierastafari2709
Este documento narra la historia de un asesino en primera persona. En el primer capítulo, describe un asalto que termina en homicidio. Luego deja el cuerpo en un parque. En el segundo capítulo, mata a otro hombre después de una pelea con su esposa. En el tercer capítulo, planea comprar ropa nueva con el dinero robado a su segunda víctima.
TYPO3 and Magento together to manage Panini StickersMauro Lorenzutti
The document discusses using TYPO3 and Magento together to manage Panini's collectibles ecommerce websites. Key points are:
1) TYPO3 will be used for content management and Magento will be used for ecommerce functions like products, orders, and payments.
2) They will be integrated through custom plugins and modules to share content, users, and layout between the systems.
3) A single installation of TYPO3 and Magento will manage multiple country-specific websites, with each TYPO3 page tree mapped to a Magento store.
Este documento presenta el discurso fúnebre pronunciado por Pericles en el 431 a.C. en Atenas para honrar a los caídos en la guerra contra Esparta. Aunque Tucídides escribió el discurso años después, idealizando a Atenas, captura el espíritu de la democracia ateniense y define los valores que hicieron grande a la ciudad. El discurso es considerado un ejemplo fundacional de conciencia cívica y reflexión política optimista sobre las posibilidades humanas.
Brio is a full-service retail design agency with a storied history of creative excellence. They provide strategic and creative services including retail design, branding, merchandising, and architecture. Brio believes design must fulfill the needs of retailers and consumers. They offer creative solutions to develop brands, increase sales, and improve the customer experience. Brio works as a consultancy, creative agency, and merchandising agency with clients across many industries.
Efectos Magnetovolúmico y Magnetocalórico en el compuesto Nd2Fe17Universidad de Oviedo
I. El documento caracteriza estructural y magnéticamente el compuesto Nd2Fe17 y estudia su efecto magnetovolumétrico y magnetocalórico.
II. Se encontró que el compuesto cristaliza en la fase Th2Ni17 y muestra una variación de volumen de celda anómala.
III. Presenta una transición de fase de segundo orden con una temperatura de Curie cercana a la ambiental, mostrando un valor de refrigeración magnética comparable al de Gd pero con menor costo de fabricación.
Este documento presenta la información de un centro de formación (CENPROEX) en Extremadura. Resume sus infraestructuras, objetivos de calidad, apoyo social, acreditaciones, asociaciones a las que pertenece, convenios de colaboración e historial de acciones formativas impartidas para organismos públicos, ayuntamientos y asociaciones municipales.
Este documento resume las transacciones financieras de la empresa Distribuidora del Sur Ltda durante el mes de septiembre de 2010, incluyendo compras y ventas de mercancía a crédito y en efectivo, pagos de nómina, arriendos, y préstamos bancarios.
Integrating Quick Test Pro and Hammer – Experience ReportBrett Leonard
This document summarizes Brett Leonard's presentation on integrating HP Quick Test Pro and Empirix Hammer for automated testing. It describes the challenge of needing to test telephony functionality without a budget. Brett developed a solution to invoke Hammer scripts through Quick Test Pro's command line. The solution was proven through a concept using sample scripts. Brett documented the process and integration steps to socialize the solution and help others implement it. The documentation included installation instructions, a process description, and best practices for getting support and proving innovative solutions.
John Mellencamp's "Plain Spoken" tour is playing intimate theater venues. The tour kicked off at the Morris Performing Arts Center in South Bend, Indiana, known for its excellent acoustics. Production Manager Paul Binder oversees two trucks and two buses to support Mellencamp, who has a long-tenured crew. The stripped-down show features three phases, including acoustic and rock hits. Binder's goal is to solve problems and let the experienced crew work without issues.
Pedro Manuel da Silva Apolinário Fernandes Caldas é um arquiteto português nascido em 1963. Trabalhou em vários projetos de arquitetura entre 1984-1987 e fundou seu próprio estúdio em 1988. Atualmente é sócio do escritório Marques Alves, Raposo e Caldas Arquitetos Associados, onde desenvolve projetos de arquitetura, planejamento urbano e paisagismo.
The document discusses the winning project for design in the 2014 Global Road Achievement Awards. The project is the design of the new east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge by T.Y. Lin International and Moffatt & Nichol. The new span had to meet stringent seismic standards to withstand earthquakes in the seismically active area. It features innovative seismic technologies and was designed to remain operational after a major earthquake to serve as an emergency route. The span consists of a 624-meter self-anchored suspension bridge and connecting structures with a total length of over 4 kilometers.
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En este número: Carne aviar: unión, estrategia y éxito – Ariel Esteban Schale – Elvio Baldinelli – Automec – Procórdoba – Financiamiento para exportaciones – Cámara de Comercio Argentino Árabe – Fundación Standard Bank – Régimen de Exportador Confiable – Informe especial Entre Ríos segunda parte - Ferias – Eventos – Calendario 2011.
La revista de la Fundación Exportar reúne notas de interés sobre representantes nacionales, sus talentos exportadores e información destacada de empresas argentinas que han internacionalizado sus productos y servicios.
El documento describe la reconstrucción facial 3D del libertador Simón Bolívar utilizando técnicas de modelado paramétrico de caras. Se utilizaron retratos artísticos de Bolívar para generar la imagen 3D. Esta tecnología permite editar más de 150 parámetros faciales y producir variaciones realistas. También es posible simular el envejecimiento, lo que es útil para identificar personas desaparecidas. La reconstrucción facial 3D y el modelado paramétrico son tecnologías forenses de bajo costo que pueden
Seguimiento durante 25 años de la incidencia y dx cáncer mama programa screen...Javier Rezola
Este estudio canadiense realizó un seguimiento de 25 años de la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer de mama en más de 89,000 mujeres asignadas al azar a recibir mamografías anuales o solo exploración física. Los resultados mostraron que la mamografía detectó más cánceres no palpables pero no redujo la mortalidad por cáncer de mama. Se estimó que el 22% de los cánceres detectados por mamografía fueron sobrediagnosticados, lo que representa 1 caso de sobrediagnóstico por cada
Orientaciones sobre los videojuegos de Jesús Jarquecristinatesti
El documento ofrece consejos para las familias sobre el uso de videojuegos por parte de los niños. Recomienda resistir la presión inicial del niño para comprar videojuegos, seleccionar cuidadosamente los juegos considerando su contenido, limitar el tiempo de juego, y proponer alternativas de ocio como deportes o lectura. También sugiere que los padres aprendan sobre los videojuegos para poder jugar con los hijos y controlar su contenido.
DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY OF CELECOXIB USING PU...Lakshmi
The document summarizes the design and assessment of a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib using pulsincap technique. Celecoxib microcrystals were prepared using a rapid solvent change method and evaluated. The microcrystals were then used to prepare pulsincaps containing hydrogel plugs to provide a lag time before drug release. In vitro drug release studies were conducted on the pulsincaps to assess their ability to deliver celecoxib in a pulsatile manner to the colon. The aim was to improve solubility, target delivery to the colon, and minimize dosing frequency for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Formulation development and evalution of matrix tablet ofGajanan Ingole
The document describes the development of a matrix tablet for oral delivery of an antihypertensive drug (NSL) using pH dependent and independent polymers. It includes sections on introduction, literature review, drug and excipient profiles, aim and objectives, rationale, materials and equipment, experimental work, results, discussion, and references. The key steps involved preformulation studies, formulation of matrix tablets, optimization studies to match the in vitro dissolution profile of a marketed reference product, and stability studies. The optimized formulation was found to release the drug in a controlled manner for 24 hours.
Formulation and Evaluation of Sublingual Tablets of Asenapine Maleate By 32 F...PRASANTAKUMARMOHAPAT3
Objectives: The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate sublingual tablets of Asenapine
maleate for the treatment of schizophrenia and the treatment of manic episodes associated with
bipolar I disorder. Methods: In the present work, the bitter taste of Asenapine maleate was
masked by using Kyron T-114 in 1:1.5 ratio. The Drug-Resin Complex was formulated as
sublingual tablets using Cross Povidone (X1) and Avicel PH102 (X2) by direct compression
method. The sublingual tablets were evaluated such as thickness, hardness, % Friability,
Wetting time, disintegration time, Water absorption ratio and % CDR.Results: In this study, the
fast release of tablets depends on the concentration of Cross Povidone (X1) and Avicel PH102
(X2). The selected formulation showed the fastest release of the tablets in 54 s. Stability study
was performed by taking an optimized formulation and it was observed stable. The sublingual
tablets showed acceptable results in all studies.Conclusion: The results indicate that the
formulation can be used for the treatment of schizophrenia and the treatment of manic episodes
associated with bipolar I disorder. Moreover, Asenapine maleate as sublingual tablets may
overcome the first pass effect, gives better bioavailability, rapid onset of action and patient
compliance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinateijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate. Metoprolol Succinate is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of Angina pectoric, Heart attack, Hypertension and has short half life 3 7hours. In the present study it was planned to prepare sustained release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate by using HPMC E5 and Gum Karaya excipients. The procured sample of drug was authenticated by pre formulation study like melting point, IR spectra, UV analysis were done. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Prior to compression, the powder blend were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausners ratio. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index and in vitro drug release. From the results of evaluation parameters it was observed that formulation F6 shows best results for floating lag time 4min floating time up to 12 hours and consistent drug release 96.15 as compared to other formulations. So formulation F6 was finalized as a optimized formulation for further study. On the basic of above finding it was concluded that sustained release floating drug delivery system was successfully achieved. Neeta. V. Jadhav | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50409/formulation-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablet-of-metoprolol-succinate/neeta-v-jadhav
Investigating the Effect of Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Hydr...Smruti Chaudhari, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a study investigating the effect of molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymers on maintaining supersaturation of the weakly acidic drug indomethacin. Non-formulated methods like solvent shift and solvent casting were used to screen the ability of different PVP and HPMC grades to generate and maintain indomethacin supersaturation. Solid dispersions of indomethacin with PVP and HPMC were also prepared using spray drying. Results showed that higher molecular weight PVP generated greater supersaturation while higher molecular weight HPMC generated lower supersaturation. Solid dispersions with high molecular weight P
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Piro...ijtsrd
The solubility behavior of drugs remains one of the most exigent aspects in formulation development. With the advent of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening, the number of poorly water soluble compounds has dramatically increased. Among all the newly discovered chemical entities, about 40 45 drugs fail to reach market due to their poor water solubility. Because of solubility problem, bioavailability of drugs gets affected and hence solubility enhancement becomes necessary. In present study the attempts have been made to increase the dissolution of BCS class 2 drug Piroxicam using hydrophilic polymers namely polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 and sodium lauryl sulphate as a surfactant by using solid dispersion technique. In solid dispersion microwave induced solid dispersion and conventional fusion method is compared. Drug polymer complex was prepared using batch method. Maximum dissolution rate was obtained of the complex prepared from Piroxicam PEG6000 SLS . A successful solubility enhancement of drug complex was confirmed by taking drug release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The drug was characterized according to different compendial methods, on the basis of identification by UV spectroscopy, organoleptic properties and other tests. After that among the all formulation batches, solid dispersion F16 was selected for further tablet formulation batches, nine formulations were developed and studied. The values of pre compression parameters was evaluated, results were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing properties. The data obtained of post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, content uniformity, disintegration time and dissolution was found to superior over conventional formulation. The F9 batch with disintegrating time 10 ± 0.52 second and dissolution 93.20 ± 0.61 was selected as optimized formulation and was found superior over other formulation. Batch F9 was also subjected to stability studies for three months and was tested for its disintegrating time, drug contents and dissolution behavior monthly. F9 formulation after stability study was found to be stable. Mr. Yennuwar Dhiresh Pramod | Mr. Sujit Kakade | Mrs. Trusha Shangrapawar | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Piroxicam using Solid Dispersion Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50422.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50422/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-fast-disintegrating-tablet-of-piroxicam-using-solid-dispersion-technique/mr-yennuwar-dhiresh-pramod
This document summarizes the development and evaluation of an in situ gelling system for the treatment of periodontitis using tinidazole as the model drug. Tinidazole was incorporated into gellan gum and poloxamer 407 polymer matrices using a 32 full factorial design to optimize the formulation variables. Nine formulations were developed varying the concentration of gellan gum (0.5-1.5% w/v) and poloxamer 407 (10-20% w/v). The formulations were characterized for appearance, gelling capacity, pH, viscosity, gelation temperature, drug content, syringeability and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation with maximum desirability contained 0.5% w/
This document discusses using hot melt extrusion (HME) technology to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug efavirenz (Efv) through the formation of solid dispersions with hydrophilic polymers and surfactants. Efv solid dispersions were prepared by HME using Kollidon VA64 polymer and various surfactants at 10% weight. Dissolution and permeability studies showed improved results for formulations containing PEG 4000 and sorbiton monolaurate surfactants. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats found the PEG 4000 formulation increased the extent of Efv absorption by 106.98% compared to non-HME controls. The study demonstrates HME can enhance the
This document describes a study that prepared and evaluated carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for oral drug delivery. Compritol 888 ATO (COMP) was selected as the lipid material based on its solubility parameter relative to carvedilol. Design of experiments was used to optimize the concentrations of COMP and Poloxamer 188 surfactant in blank SLNs and carvedilol-loaded SLNs. The optimized formulation containing 7.5% COMP, 5.0% Poloxamer 188, and 1.11% carvedilol had a particle size of 161 nm and 94.8% drug entrapment efficiency. In vitro studies showed the SLNs protected carvedilol from acidic environments and
This document presents a research study on the development of bilayered buccal tablets of chlorpheneramine maleate (CPM) for the treatment of allergic conditions. Various polymers including Carbopol 934, sodium alginate, guar gum, HPMC K4M, and HPMC K15M were used to prepare the tablets by direct compression method. The tablets were then evaluated for characteristics like hardness, thickness, drug content, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. Literature on buccal drug delivery and CPM was also reviewed to support the study. The aim was to increase the bioavailability of CPM using suitable formulation approaches for the buccal route of administration.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Solid Dispersion ...ijtsrd
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets containing a solid dispersion of the poorly water-soluble drug carvedilol. Solid dispersions of carvedilol with PEG6000 and PVP K30 in various ratios were prepared using the kneading method and evaluated for solubility, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The F3 formulation with PEG6000 in a 1:3 ratio showed the highest drug release of 96.61% within 40 minutes. This optimized solid dispersion was then used to prepare fast-disintegrating tablets by direct compression. The tablets were evaluated for disintegration time, drug release, and other parameters. Tablet FD6 was selected as the optimized formulation as it
Dissolution Enhancement of BCS Class 4 Dssrugs Using Quality by Design Approa...inventionjournals
Solid dispersion is one of the vastly accepted and practically economical processes in bioavailability enhancement study. The present investigation deals mostly with increase in solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class 4 drugs for enhancement of oral bioavailability. For the same solid dispersion were prepared and analyzed for appropriate concentration of drug polymer ratio by phase solubility analysis. The solvent evaporation study widely accepted due to its efficient solid dispersion in lesser efforts. The study designs were prepared with specific concentration of drug and polymer ratio with the help of high throughput model i.e. Central Composite Design (by Design Expert trial copy) by specific design of experiment with full factorial design (DOE). The fixed variables were concentration of polymers and dependant variables were dissolution and permeability across bio-membrane in in-vitro model. The prepared dispersion investigated for dissolution and permeability improvement using USP Type II apparatus and modified everted gut sac model which leads to improvement of quality of whole formulation with Quality by design efficiently.
The document describes the formulation and evaluation of ibuprofen suspension using natural and synthetic suspending agents. Four ibuprofen suspensions were prepared using different combinations of methylcellulose, fenugreek seed powder, and other excipients. The suspensions were evaluated for sedimentation volume, particle size, viscosity, pH, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. The F4 formulation containing both fenugreek seed powder and methylcellulose showed the best stability profile compared to the other formulations in the various evaluation tests.
This document describes the formulation and characterization of nebivolol floating microspheres for gastroretentive drug delivery. Nebivolol is classified as a class II drug with poor solubility and high permeability. Microspheres were prepared using polymers like ethyl cellulose and HPMC via emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microspheres were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and buoyancy studies. The results showed the microspheres had prolonged drug release and remained buoyant for over 12 hours, indicating their potential as a gastroretentive drug delivery system.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid dispersion for Dissolution Enhancement of...Jing Zang
The document summarizes research on developing solid dispersions of the poorly water soluble drug nifedipine to enhance its dissolution rate. Solid dispersions of nifedipine were prepared using different polymers (sodium starch glycollate, croscarmellose sodium, eudragit E-100) at various weight ratios using solvent evaporation. The best formulation with croscarmellose sodium at a 1:7 ratio showed over 70% increased dissolution compared to nifedipine API. This formulation was further adsorbed onto neusilin US2 to form a ternary mixture, which showed over 30% higher dissolution than the marketed product. Tablets prepared from the ternary mixture were stable
In the present study, a gastro retentive micro particulate system was formulated with different Polymers by using
solvent evaporation technique. A series of 8 formulations was prepared based on 23 Design of experiments. The
formulated microspheres were evaluated flow characteristics, Practical yield (up to 80 %) and Encapsulation
efficiency (up to 94%). Scanning electron Microscopy confirmed their porous and spherical structure and the
particles were of the Size range of (65-525 μm). The release of drug at 1 hour and 8 hours’ time points were
taken as the measurable parameters for running the DOE experiments. According to design space Hollow
Microspheres formulated with Drug in the range of 50 to 70 mg/unit, Ethyl cellulose 7 cps in the range of 145 to
150 mg/unit and HPMC 5 cps in the range of 0.4 to 2 mg/unit were observed to have the best floating
characteristics and in vitro dissolution profile as per the preset target product profile. Stability studies showed no
significant change in the drug content in the formulations at 3 months accelerated condition. In this study
concluded that a micro particulate floating dosage form of an anti-infective drug can be successfully designed to
give controlled release and improved oral bioavailability.
KEYWORDS
Gastro retentive system, Ciprofloxacin Hcl, Ethyl Cellulose 7 cps, HPMC 5cps, Hollow microspheres.
Formulation and Evaluation of Sublingual Tablet of Enalapril Maleate By 32 Fu...PRASANTAKUMARMOHAPAT3
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was masked by using Kyron T-114 in 1:2 ratio. The Drug-Resin Complex was formulated as
sublingual tablets using Cross Povidone (X1) and Avicel PH102 (X2) by direct compression
method. The sublingual tablets were evaluated such as thickness, hardness, % Friability, Wetting
time, disintegration time, Water absorption ratio and % CDR. In this study, the fast release of
tablets depends on the concentration of Cross Povidone (X1) and Avicel PH102 (X2). The
selected formulation showed the fastest release of the tablets in 45 s. Stability study was
performed by taking an optimized formulation and it was observed stable. The sublingual tablets
showed acceptable results in all studies. The results indicate that the formulation can be used for
rapid management of Hypertension. Also, Enalapril maleate’s bioavailability may be increased
by selecting sublingual route of administration.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets of carvedilol using natura...Nausheen Fatima
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PREFORMULATION STUDY IN DESIGNING OF TABLET DOSAGES FORM.pptxSWASTIKPATNAIK1
Preformulation studies are important for determining the physicochemical properties of new drug substances before developing dosage forms. This document outlines preformulation studies conducted for omeprazole magnesium and carbamazepine to aid in the development of enteric coated tablets and buccal mucoadhesive tablets, respectively. Key tests included solubility analysis, stability analysis, particle size characterization, and in vitro drug release studies. The results of these preformulation studies provided guidance on suitable excipients and helped establish formulation designs and processing parameters to achieve the desired drug delivery profiles.
This document outlines a research plan for developing and evaluating a Glipizide loaded transdermal film. The objectives are to conduct preformulation studies, compatibility studies using FTIR, reduce drug particle size using precipitation, characterize drug particle size using SEM, formulate films using solvent evaporation, and evaluate films for properties like drug content and in-vitro drug release. The need is to improve Glipizide's solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability through the transdermal route to reduce side effects. The plan involves literature review, material selection, preformulation tests, film formulation, evaluation, kinetic modeling, and reporting.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
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The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Ardra Nakshatra (आर्द्रा): Understanding its Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
Ardra Nakshatra, the sixth Nakshatra in Vedic astrology, spans from 6°40' to 20° in the Gemini zodiac sign. Governed by Rahu, the north lunar node, Ardra translates to "the moist one" or "the star of sorrow." Symbolized by a teardrop, it represents the transformational power of storms, bringing both destruction and renewal.
About Astro Pathshala
Astro Pathshala is a renowned astrology institute offering comprehensive astrology courses and personalized astrological consultations for over 20 years. Founded by Gurudev Sunil Vashist ji, Astro Pathshala has been a beacon of knowledge and guidance in the field of Vedic astrology. With a team of experienced astrologers, the institute provides in-depth courses that cover various aspects of astrology, including Nakshatras, planetary influences, and remedies. Whether you are a beginner seeking to learn astrology or someone looking for expert astrological advice, Astro Pathshala is dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges and unlock your full potential through the ancient wisdom of Vedic astrology.
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Is Email Marketing Really Effective In 2024?Rakesh Jalan
Slide 1
Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
Slide 4
Types of Email Marketing:
1. Welcome Emails
2. Information Emails
3. Transactional Emails
4. Newsletter Emails
5. Lead Nurturing Emails
6. Sponsorship Emails
7. Sales Letter Emails
8. Re-Engagement Emails
9. Brand Story Emails
10. Review Request Emails
Slide 5
Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
6. Non-Irritating: Customers are less likely to get annoyed.
7. Long Format: Use detailed text, photos, and videos.
8. Easy to Unsubscribe: Customers can easily opt out.
9. Easy Tracking: Track delivery, open rates, and clicks.
10. Professional: Seen as more professional; customers read carefully.
Slide 6
Disadvantages Of Email Marketing:
1. Irrelevant Emails: Costs can rise with irrelevant emails.
2. Poor Content: Boring emails can lead to disengagement.
3. Easy Unsubscribe: Customers can easily leave your list.
Slide 7
Email Marketing Tools
Choosing a good tool involves considering:
1. Deliverability: Email delivery rate.
2. Inbox Placement: Reaching inbox, not spam or promotions.
3. Ease of Use: Simplicity of use.
4. Cost: Affordability.
5. List Maintenance: Keeping the list clean.
6. Features: Regular features like Broadcast and Sequence.
7. Automation: Better with automation.
Slide 8
Top 5 Email Marketing Tools:
1. ConvertKit
2. Get Response
3. Mailchimp
4. Active Campaign
5. Aweber
Slide 9
Email Marketing Strategy
To get good results, consider:
1. Build your own list.
2. Never buy leads.
3. Respect your customers.
4. Always provide value.
5. Don’t email just to sell.
6. Write heartfelt emails.
7. Stick to a schedule.
8. Use photos and videos.
9. Segment your list.
10. Personalize emails.
11. Ensure mobile-friendliness.
12. Optimize timing.
13. Keep designs clean.
14. Remove cold leads.
Slide 10
Uses of Email Marketing:
1. Affiliate Marketing
2. Blogging
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
4. Newsletter Circulation
5. Transaction Notifications
6. Information Dissemination
7. Gathering Feedback
8. Selling Courses
9. Selling Products/Services
Read Full Article:
https://digitalsamaaj.com/is-email-marketing-effective-in-2024/
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Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
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1. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILM OF
LISINOPRIL
Synopsis
Submitted to
H.N.B. Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar (Uttarakhand)
For The Award of Degree of
Master of Pharmacy
(Pharmaceutics)
By
SAURABH CHANDRA MISHRA
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
H.N.B. Garhwal (Central) University
Srinagar (Uttarakhand)
1
2. DEPARTMENT OF PHATRMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
H.N.B Garhwal University, Chauras Campus-249161
Phone No: 01370-267395,FAX: 01346-252174,252247
Ref.no.pharm./14......
Date:
SYNOPSIS
Title:FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF LISINOPRIL
Name of
Candidate : Saurabh Chandra Mishra
Enrollment Number: G1214506
Project Work: M.pharm (Pharmaceutics)2rd Year
H.N.B Garhwal (central) University
Srinagar(Uttarakhand)
2
3. TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
“FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING
FILMS OF LISINOPRIL”
BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
Introduction :
Recently, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have started gaining popularity and acceptance as new
drug delivery systems, because they are easy to administer and lead to better patient compliance.
These delivery systems either dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth rapidly, without requiring any
water to aid in swallowing.1They also impart unique product differentiation, thus enabling use as line
extensions for existing commercial products. This novel drug delivery system can also be beneficial for
meeting the current needs of the industry are improved solubility/stability, biological half-life and
bioavailability enhancement of drugs.2,3.Although oral disintegrating tablets have an advantage of
administration without choking and fast disintegration; the disintegrated materials contained in them
are insoluble and remain until swallowing. In such cases formulation of fast dissolving film will be
advantageous.4,5
3
4. Hypertension, commonly known as “High Blood Pressure”. Hypertension or High Blood Pressure is
a cardiac chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated.Blood
pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as the heart pumps blood
through the body. High blood pressure increases chances of having a stroke, heart attack, heart
failure, kidney disease & early death. Commonly used prescription drugs include ACE inhibitors, alphablockers, angiotensin –ІІ receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics
etc.6Hence in the present work, an attempt will be made to prepare and evaluate oral fast dissolving
film of Lisinopril for the effective management of hypertension and cardiac diseases.
Review of literature:
Literature survey was carried out on the proposed research work by referring various Scientific
Research Journals, Internet, Helinet facilities and Science Direct.
Pokharkar V et al (2007-08). Mouth dissolving tablets of Carvedilol were prepared with the
purpose of delivering the drug directly into the systemic circulation and by passing the hepatic first
pass metabolism with a concomitant increase in bioavailability, . The solubility of Carvedilol was
improved by forming inclusion complex with cyclodextrin which was then further used for the
formulation of mouth dissolving tablet. Differential scanning calorimetry and Infrared spectroscopy
results indicated no incompatibilities between drug-excipient mixtures. Effect of three different
superdisintegrants on disintegration was studied. The formulations were evaluated for drug
content,content uniformity, friability,disintegration time and in vitro dissolution. Tablets containing
Carvedilol-beta-cyclodextrin complex exhibited good tablet properties, with 90% drug dissolved
within 5 min. This demonstrated the effectiveness of using various superdisintegrants and
Carvedilol-beta-cyclodextrin complex in formulation of mouth dissolving tablet. 8
4
5. Aditya Dinge and Mangal Nagarsenker (2008). Triclosan (TC) containing fast dissolving films for
local delivery to oral cavity was investigated by Various film forming agents, film modifiers and
polyhydric alcohols were evaluated for optimizing the composition of fast dissolving films. The
potential of poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin (HPBCD) to improve solubility of TC
was investigated. Fast dissolving films containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan
gum, and xylitol were formulated. Use of poloxamer 407 and HPBCD resulted in significant
improvement in the solubility of TC. Fast dissolving films containing TC-HPBCD complex and TCPoloxamer 407 were formulated and evaluated for the in vitro dissolution profile and in vitro
microbiological assay. Films containing TC-Poloxamer 407 exhibited better in vitro dissolution
profile and in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the films containing TC-HPBCD complex.
Effect of incorporation of eugenol on the in vivo performance of TC-Poloxamer 407 containing films
was evaluated in human volunteers. Eugenol containing films improved the acceptability of TCPoloxamer 407 films with respect to taste masking and mouth freshening without compromising
the in vivo dissolution time.
KUNTE SAND TANDLE P (2010)Fast
dissolving films containing Verapamil were prepared and investigated.
The fast dissolving strips were prepared by solvent casting technique with the help of HPMC E6 and
maltodextrin. The strips were evaluated for drug content uniformity, film thickness, folding endurance,
in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies, surface pH study, and palatability study.
Disintegration time showed by formulations was found to be in range of 20.4–28.6 sec. Based on the
evaluation parameters, the formulation containing 2% HPMC E6 and 3.5% maltodextrin showed
optimum performance against other formulations. It was concluded that the fast dissolving strips of
verapamil can be made by solvent casting technique with enhanced dissolution rate, taste masking,
5
6. and hence better patient compliance and effective therapy.10
Semalty Aet al (2010)..Formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive drug delivery system of enalapril
maleate . The buccal films were prepared by solvent casting technique. Sodium carboxy methyl
cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxylethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-90
were used as mucoadhesive polymers. Prepared films were evaluated for their weight, thickness,
surface pH, swelling index, drug content uniformity, in vitro residence time, folding endurance in vitro
release and permeation studies. It was found that the films containing 20 mg of enalapril maleate in
sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2% w/v and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose 2% w/v (formulation F5), showed
good swelling, a convenient residence time and promising controlled drug release as all the films
exhibited controlled release over more than 10 h in permeation studies. It was concluded that the
drug can be selected for the development of buccal film for effective therapeutic use.
. Fast dissolving films of levocetrizine were prepared by solvent casting method using different grades
of methocel K3, E3, E5, and E15 as film former and PG, PEG 400 and tween 80 as plasticizer. Bitterness
of levocetirizine was masked by forming inclusion complex with HP-ßCD. The complex was evaluated
by XRD, DSC and FT-IR. Optimized films were evaluated for mechanical properties, drug content and
dissolution characteristics. The combination of methocel E15 and PEG 400 exhibited excellent
mechanical properties, uniformity in drug content and in-vitro dissolution characteristics5
drug profile
Lisinopril dihydrate
Nomenclature:
INN: Lisinopril dihydrate
Chemical name: (2S) - 1- [(2S)-6-amino -2- [ [ (1S) – 1 – carboxy – 3 -
phenylpropyl] amino] hexanoyl] pyrrole – 2 - carboxylic acid
6
7. Structure:
Molecular formula: C21H31N3O5,2H2O
Molecular weight: 441.5
Physical form: White to off white powder
Solubility: Lisinopril dihydrate is soluble in water, sparingly soluble in
methanol, and practically insoluble in acetone and in ethanol
7
8. Need for the study:
Lisinopril is in a group of drugs called ACE inhibitors. ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme.
Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and to improve
survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this
medication guide.
Lisinopril is a drug of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class that is primarily used in
treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, heart attacks and also in preventing renal and
retinal complications of diabetes. Onset of action is 1-2 hours. Duration of action is found to be 24
hours (once daily dosing).Absorption of the drug is found to be absorbed slowly and incompletely from
GI tract(oral) and peak plasmaconcentration is achieved after 7 hours.The drug distribution i.e; protein
binding is not significantly bound i.e., is up to 25%.The excretion of the drug is via urine in unchanged
form of drug, and the elimination half-life of the drug is found to be 12 hours. The drug is given orally
in case of hypertension. Adult dose is initially 5-10 mg daily given at bedtime to avoid precipitous fall in
B.P. Patient with renovascular hypertension, volume depletion, severe hypertension; Initially 2.5-5 mg
once daily. Diuretic patients are given 5 mg once daily. Maintenance of the dose i.e. 20 mg once daily
up to 80 mg daily may be used if required.In case of children ≥6 years: initially up to 0.07 mg/kg( up to
5 mg once daily) can be given and adjusted the dose until desired B.P. is achieved. Bioavailability of the
drug is approximately 25%, but wide range of 6-60% is also reported. 7
8
9. SALIENT FEATURES OF FAST DISSOLVING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
1. Ease to administration for patients who are mentally ill, disabled and uncooperative.
2. Requires no water.
3. quick disintegration and dissolution of the dosage form.
4. Overcomes unacceptable taste of the drugs.
5. Can be designed to leave minimal or no residue in the mouth after administration and also to
provide a pleasant mouth feel.
6. Allows high drug loading.
7. Ability to provide advantages of liquid medication in the form of solid preparation.
8. Adaptable and ameanable to existing processing and packaging machinery.
9. Cost- effective.
The formulation of poorly water soluble drug compounds for oral delivery now present one of
the greatest challenges to formulation scientist in pharmaceutical industry.
The poor aqueous solubility of the drug result in variable dissolution profile hence poor
bioavailability. The solubility behavior of a drug is the key determination of its oral bioavailability.
Plan of work:
Fast dissolving films of Lisinopril will be prepared to provide fast action in hypertension with the
following objectives :9
1. To formulate Lisinopril fast dissolving films by using natural and synthetic polymers, following
10. MATERIALS & METHODS:
Source of Data :
Primary literature: Journal publications
Secondary literature: Abstracts (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts), online
material.
Tertiary literature: Text Books.
Prior unpublished research from our and other laboratories.
Data will be obtained from Science Direct, and other internet facilities,
literature search and related articles from library of Shree Devi College of
Pharmacy, Digital Library of RGUHS, Bangalore, etc.
Journals
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
Journal of young Pharmacists
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science
Journal of Pharmacy Research
Digest Journal of Nano-materials & Bio-structures
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological & Chemical sciences
Journal of Liquid chromatography & related technologies
10
11. Text Books and Pharmacopoeia
Beckett AH, Stenlake JB, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 4 th ed.
Delhi: CBS Publisher and Distributors, 1997
Sethi PD, Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulation,
3rded. Delhi: CBS Publisher and Distributors
Higuchi T And Brochman E, Hanseen H, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Delhi: CBS Publisher and
Distributors, 2005
Mendham J, Denney RC, Barnes JD, K Thomas MJ, Vogel’s text Book of Quantitative Chemical
Analysis, 6thed. Pearson education Pvt. Ltd, 2002
The Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Published by The Indian Pharmacopoeia commission Gaziabad, Volume 2 & 3, 2007
Internet Browsing
www.sciencedirect.com
www.google.com
www.rxlist.com
www.rjptonline.org
www.jyoungpharm.in
www.pharmainfo.net
www.scipharm.at
11
12. www.jocpr.com
Methods of collection of data (including sampling procedures if any) :
The data related to the physicochemical properties of the drug will be collected from the drug
information center, various standard books, journals and other sources like research literature data
bases such science direct etc. and laboratory equipments.
• Attempts will be made to design fast dissolving films of Lisinopril with different polymers.
• Prepared fast dissolving films will be evaluated for
1.
Physical properties.
2.
Drug content.
3.
In vitro drug release and studying their release kinetics.
4.
In vivo studies for Pharmacodynamics parameters in detail.
REFERENCES :
1 Dixit R, Puthli S. Oral strip technology: Overview and future potential. J Control Release
2012;139: 94–107.
2 Arya A, Chandra A, Sharma V, PathakK. Fast dissolving oral films: An innovative drug delivery
system and dosage form. Int J ChemTech Res 2010;2: 576–83.
3 Mashru C, Sutariya V, Sankalia M, ParikhP. Development and evaluation of fast-dissolving film
of salbutamol sulphate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005;31:25–34
4 Nishimura M, Matsuura K, Tsukioka T, Yamashita H, Inagaki N, Sugiyama T, et al. In vitro and in
12
13. vivo characteristics of prochlorperazine oral disintegrating film. Int J Pharm 2009; 368:98–102.
5 Shimoda
H, Taniguchi
K, Nishimura
M, Matsuura
K, Tsukioka T, Yamashita H, et al.
Preparation of a fast dissolving oral thin film containing dexamethasone: A possible application
to antiemesis during cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009;73: 361–5.
6 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001502 [Last accessed on
2012 June 12].
7 The American Society of Health-System
Pharmacistshttp://www.drugs.com/monograph/lisinopril.html. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
8 Pokharkar V, Dhar S, Mandpe L. Studies on formulation development of mouth dissolving
tablets of Carvedilol. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 2007 -2008; 49-50(1-4):21-8.
9 Dinge A and Nagarsenker M. Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films for Delivery of
Triclosan to the Oral Cavity. AAPS Pharm SciTech 2008; 9(2): 349–56.
10 Kunte S and Tandale P. Formulation and Evaluation of fast dissolving films of verapamil J
PharmBioallied Sci2010; 2(4): 325–8.
11 Semalty A, Semalty M, Nautiyal U. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films of
enalapril maleate. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 72(5):571-5.
12 SA Tayel, Soliman, II and D Louis. Formulation of ketotifenfumarate fast melt granulation
sublingual tablet. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2010; 11(2): 679-85.
13 Magdy IM, Mohamed H, Muaadh A, Mohamed Ali. Buccal Mucoadhesive Films Containing
Antihypertensive Drug: In vitro/in vivo Evaluation. J Chem Pharm Res 2011; 3(6):665-86.
14 Yehia SA, El-Gazayerly ON, Basalious EB. Fluconazole mucoadhesive buccal films: In vitro/in
vivo performance. Curr Drug Deliv2009; 6(1): 17-27.
13