Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology

Objective Principle Requirements Preparation of Tyrode solution Procedure Kymograph recording of contractions Observation table Result and Interpretation

This document provides information on various blood collection techniques and anesthesia for laboratory animals. It discusses techniques that do not require anesthesia like collection from the dorsal pedal or saphenous veins, as well as techniques that do require anesthesia like tail vein, tail snip, orbital sinus, jugular vein, and temporary cannula placement. Terminal blood collection procedures like cardiac puncture and from the posterior vena cava are also outlined. The document provides step-by-step descriptions of procedures for collecting blood from specific veins and arteries. It also discusses anesthesia methods for laboratory animals including inhalation and injection routes, as well as pre-anesthetic medication and recommended euthanasia techniques.

The document describes the hot plate test, which is used to assess analgesic (pain-relieving) properties of drugs. It involves placing rodents on a heated surface and measuring the time until they react to the heat. A longer reaction time indicates stronger analgesia. The hot plate test apparatus consists of a temperature-controlled plate, timer, and safety features. It is used to screen analgesic drugs by comparing an animal's reaction time before and after administering a test compound. If the reaction time increases after administration, it suggests the compound has analgesic effects.

This document provides information about screening methods in pharmacology, including care and handling of laboratory animals, breeding techniques, regulations, and alternatives to animal studies. It discusses general principles of animal handling and describes methods for handling common laboratory animals like mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. It also summarizes breeding techniques including in-breeding, out-breeding, and regulations and guidelines from the CPCSEA. Finally, it discusses the 3R concept of alternatives to animal studies, which are reduction, replacement and refinement.

This document presents a study on the effects of the skeletal muscle relaxant diazepam using a rota-rod apparatus. Mice were given injections of diazepam and their ability to remain on a rotating rod was measured and compared to untreated mice. Treatment with diazepam significantly decreased the time mice could spend on the rotating rod, indicating that diazepam has muscle relaxing properties. The study aims to evaluate diazepam's muscle relaxation effects using a non-invasive method that observes the loss of muscle grip in animals.

experiment of pharmacology describing the principle and procedure of analgesic activity of drug using eddy's hot plate method

Selection of an animal model is one of the most important steps in any of the experimental pharmacological study. Animal model preferred for the study must be producing similar disease profile as in the human.

What is analgesics? Mechanism of action Different screening models Invivo methods Invitro methods

Preclinical evaluation of anti-epileptic drugs involves testing in various animal models of seizures. Common models include electrically or chemically induced seizures using maximal electroshock, pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin, or strychnine administration. The effects of potential drugs are assessed by changes in seizure threshold, pattern, EEG changes, or incidence. Chronic models involve kindling or post-status epilepticus models to evaluate drugs for spontaneous recurrent seizures. Various in vivo methods detailed assess drug effects on different seizure types and epilepsies.

This document describes procedures for evaluating the antiallergic and mast cell stabilizing activity of drugs. It involves using guinea pigs to test if drugs can prevent bronchoconstriction induced by histamine aerosol exposure. It also involves collecting mast cells from rat peritoneal fluid and observing if drugs can prevent degranulation when exposed to egg albumin. The procedures provide a way to test if drugs can stabilize mast cell membranes and prevent the release of inflammatory mediators associated with allergic responses.

Objective Principle Requirements Experimental specifications (conditions) Preparation of histamine standard solution Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS) Procedure Kymograph recording of contractions Observation table Calculation Result and interpretation

The digital plethysmometer is a tool that can accurately measure paw swelling in rats and mice to evaluate inflammatory response and screen for potential anti-inflammatory drugs. It uses a displacement method to measure paw volume changes with high accuracy and resolution of 0.01 ml. The device has a stable graphical LCD display, automatic calibration, and can store data for up to 100,000 experiments.