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IMR Press / FBL / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905195
Open Access Original Research
UV-Inactivated rVSV-M2e-Based Influenza Vaccine Protected against the H1N1 Influenza Challenge
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1 Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
3 Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l’Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
4 Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
5 National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada
6 Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
*Correspondence: xiao-jian.yao@umanitoba.ca (Xiaojian Yao)
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2024, 29(5), 195; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2905195
Submitted: 28 January 2024 | Revised: 23 March 2024 | Accepted: 23 April 2024 | Published: 20 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Influenza Viruses)
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Background: To investigate the immune responses and protection ability of ultraviolet light (UV)-inactivated recombinant vesicular stomatitis (rVSV)-based vectors that expressed a fusion protein consisting of four copies of the influenza matrix 2 protein ectodomain (tM2e) and the Dendritic Cell (DC)-targeting domain of the Ebola Glycoprotein (EΔM), (rVSV-EΔM-tM2e). Method: In our previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of rVSV-EΔM-tM2e to induce robust immune responses against influenza M2e and protect against lethal challenges from H1N1 and H3N2 strains. Here, we used UV to inactivate rVSV-EΔM-tM2e and tested its immunogenicity and protection in BALB/c mice from a mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza challenge. Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC), the influenza anti-M2e immune responses specific to human, avian and swine influenza strains induced were characterized. Likewise, the specificity of the anti-M2e immune responses induced in recognizing M2e antigen on the surface of the cell was investigated using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis. Results: Like the live attenuated rVSV-EΔM-tM2e, the UV-inactivated rVSV-EΔM-tM2e was highly immunogenic against different influenza M2e from strains of different hosts, including human, swine, and avian, and protected against influenza H1N1 challenge in mice. The FACS analysis demonstrated that the induced immune responses can recognize influenza M2 antigens from human, swine and avian influenza strains. Moreover, the rVSV-EΔM-tM2e also induced ADCC activity against influenza M2e from different host strains. Conclusions: These findings suggest that UV-inactivated rVSV-EΔM-tM2e could be used as an inactivated vaccine against influenza viruses.

Keywords
UV-inactivation
influenza
recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus
Ebola glycoprotein
M2 ectodomain
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Funding
OV5-170710/Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Figures
Fig. 1.
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