Objectives: Until 2018, cervical cancer (CC) was clinically staged;
however, it was frequently under-staged. For this reason, in 2018, the
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) incorporated the
imaging assessment into the staging of this malignancy. The aim of this review is
to discuss available data regarding the role of imaging in the diagnosis,
pretreatment staging, and how an adequate radiological evaluation could assist in
the treatment planning for CC. Mechanism: An extensive literature search
was conducted to identify relevant studies across various databases, including
articles addressing topics related to imaging used in CC. The selected articles
underwent thorough examination and evaluation to identify studies that met the
objectives of this review, taking into account the specified inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Subsequently, relevant data were extracted and analyzed for
each article. Findings in Brief: Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) have been shown to be accurate diagnostic tools to
assessing the local spread of CC disease. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) appears to offer the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in
detecting parametrial and stromal invasion, as well as tumor size. Computed
tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT are considered the best imaging
modalities for the detection of lymph node metastases. However, positron emission
tomography (PET) has demonstrated notable precision and exhibited high negative
predictive value in predicting the pelvic nodal status during the early-stage
diagnosis of CC diagnosis. Radiomics represents a newly introduced field of
translational research with the potential to predict several clinically and
pathological relevant variables in cervical carcinoma patients. These variables
include disease staging, histological type, lymph node status, probability of
recurrence, and estimated survival. Conclusions: Imaging plays an
indispensable role in diagnosis, tumor staging, and monitoring the evolution of
pathology in response to therapies over time. It provides physicians with the
indispensable tool for optimal regulation of therapeutic strategy.