Table of Contents

Introduction PART 1: THE DIVERSE MORAL AND ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE 1. Why Science Is Sometimes Perceived as Evil 2. The Tools of Judgment: Ethics and Moral Traditions PART 2: THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN SHAPING SCIENCE 3. Evil at Its Worst: Nazi Medicine and Biology 4. The Banality of Evil: The Careers of Charles Davenport and Harry Laughlin 5. Heroes with Feet of Clay: Francis Galton and Harry Clay Sharp PART 3: WARTIME AND THE THREAT OF WAR AS JUSTIFICATION FOR SUSPENDING ETHICAL AND MORAL BEHAVIOR BY SCIENTISTS 6. Radiation in Peace and War 7. Herbicides in Peace and War PART 4: REGULATION OF SCIENCE TO PROTECT INDIVIDUAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 8. Thalidomide-Corporate Misconduct Masquerading as an Act of God 9. A Synthetic Estrogen with Harmful Outcomes PART 5: THE NECESSITY OF REGULATION TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT 10. Pesticides and the Environmental Movement 11. Genetically Modified Foods-As Usual PART 6: BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEDICINE 12. Medical Deception and Syphilis 13. Prenatal Diagnosis and an Alleged Eugenics through the Back Door 14. Cloning, Stem Cells, Hyperbole, and Cant 15. Assisted Reproduction and the Argument of Playing God PART 7: ASSESSING BAD OUTCOMES 16. Quantifying Evil or Bad Outcomes 17. Science, History, and Responsibility 18. How Science Changes Our Worldview for the Better 19. How Can Good Intentions Avoid Bad Outcomes? Index

Reviews

In his thought-provoking book Times of Triumph, Times of Doubt, [Carlson] asks why many of his young students who have turned away from careers in science feel that 'science has let them down through its bad outcomes'. In making his analysis he includes in the scientific community not only researchers but also those responsible for the commercialization and regulation of science, such as business executives, ethicists, theologians, legislators, lawyers and journalists. -- Ian Wilmut Nature Scientific insight and discovery have radically improved our lives, and science will continue to improve the human prospect: that is the core of Carlson's book. Dismayed by the public distrust of science and scientists in the early 21st century, the author argues that the vast majority of scientists have had motives that were at worst benign and often noble; they wanted to improve human life or were driven by intellectual curiosity. Science has been put to bad uses, he quickly concedes, but the transformation for the better it has made in the lives of most human beings is easily worth the price... Carlson could not be boring if he tried, and he is at least as hard on the scientists who go wrong as he is on politicians or theologians. The story he tells should be widely read and discussed. This volume is provocative from the first to the last page. If I were grading this book, I would give it an unconventional, but richly deserved, A+. The Quarterly Review of Biology This book deserves to form part of all courses involving science and ethics, whether for laboratory scientists and clinicians, or for social scientists. Based on a lecture course for non-science students it is extremely clearly written, thoughtful and full of common sense, while it adds the historical dimension that is often missing. For those in genetics it is particularly important; it will open readers' eyes to some disturbing aspects of our science's past - and may even help in avoiding more 'bad outcomes' in the future. Human Genetics