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Ascertaining the role of Taiwan as a source for the Austronesian expansion
Sheyla Mirabal,
Alicia M. Cadenas,
Ralph Garcia-Bertrand,
Rene J. Herrera,
Sheyla Mirabal
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Search for more papers by this authorAlicia M. Cadenas
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Search for more papers by this authorRalph Garcia-Bertrand
Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rene J. Herrera
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Correspondence to: R. J. Herrera, College of Medicine, Florida International University, University Park, OE 304, Miami, FL 33199, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSheyla Mirabal,
Alicia M. Cadenas,
Ralph Garcia-Bertrand,
Rene J. Herrera,
Sheyla Mirabal
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Search for more papers by this authorAlicia M. Cadenas
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Search for more papers by this authorRalph Garcia-Bertrand
Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rene J. Herrera
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065
Correspondence to: R. J. Herrera, College of Medicine, Florida International University, University Park, OE 304, Miami, FL 33199, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
Taiwanese aborigines have been deemed the ancestors of Austronesian speakers which are currently distributed throughout two-thirds of the globe. As such, understanding their genetic distribution and diversity as well as their relationship to mainland Asian groups is important to consolidating the numerous models that have been proposed to explain the dispersal of Austronesian speaking peoples into Oceania. To better understand the role played by the aboriginal Taiwanese in this diaspora, we have analyzed a total of 451 individuals belonging to nine of the tribes currently residing in Taiwan, namely the Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Tsou, and the Yami from Orchid Island off the coast of Taiwan across 15 autosomal short tandem repeat loci. In addition, we have compared the genetic profiles of these tribes to populations from mainland China as well as to collections at key points throughout the Austronesian domain. While our results suggest that Daic populations from Southern China are the likely forefathers of the Taiwanese aborigines, populations within Taiwan show a greater genetic impact on groups at the extremes of the current domain than populations from Indonesia, Mainland, or Southeast Asia lending support to the “Out of Taiwan” hypothesis. We have also observed that specific Taiwanese aboriginal groups (Paiwan, Puyuma, and Saisiyat), and not all tribal populations, have highly influenced genetic distributions of Austronesian populations in the pacific and Madagascar suggesting either an asymmetric migration out of Taiwan or the loss of certain genetic signatures in some of the Taiwanese tribes due to endogamy, isolation, and/or drift. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:551–564, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ajpa22226-sup-0001-suppinfo.doc333.5 KB | Supplementary Figure 1. Global Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Plot using 13 autosomal STR loci (Stress value=0.13267 and RSQ=0.94824) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0002-suppinfo.doc50 KB | Supplementary Figure 2. Determining the true value of delta K |
| ajpa22226-sup-0003-suppinfo.doc2.5 MB | Supplementary Figure 3. Structure analysis using 13 autosomal STR loci |
| ajpa22226-sup-0004-suppinfo.doc52 KB | Supplementary Figure 4. Multidimensional Scaling Plot based on 13 loci after removing related individuals (Stress=0.15652) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0005-suppinfo.xls32.5 KB | Supplementary Table 1. Ami Allelic Frequencies (n=95) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0006-suppinfo.xls32 KB | Supplementary Table 2. Atayal Allelic Frequencies (n=45) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0007-suppinfo.xls32.5 KB | Supplementary Table 3. Bunun Allelic Frequencies (n=47) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0008-suppinfo.xls34 KB | Supplementary Table 4. Paiwan Allelic Frequencies (n=39) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0009-suppinfo.xls34 KB | Supplementary Table 5. Puyuma Allelic Frequencies (n=40) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0010-suppinfo.xls31.5 KB | Supplementary Table 6. Rukai Allelic Frequencies (n=33) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0011-suppinfo.xls31 KB | Supplementary Table 7. Saisiyat Allelic Frequencies (n=40) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0012-suppinfo.xls32.5 KB | Supplementary Table 8. Tsou Allelic Frequencies (n=42) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0013-suppinfo.xls33 KB | Supplementary Table 9. Yami Allelic Frequencies (n=70) |
| ajpa22226-sup-0014-suppinfo.doc25.5 KB | Supplementary Table 10. Combined forensic parameters for Taiwanese aborigines |
| ajpa22226-sup-0015-suppinfo.xls34 KB | Supplementary Table 11. Inbreeding coefficient (Fis) in Taiwanese aborigines |
| ajpa22226-sup-0016-suppinfo.xls247 KB | Supplementary Table 12. |
| ajpa22226-sup-0017-suppinfo.xls187 KB | Supplementary Table 13. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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