Financial History of the United States

Front Cover
Longmans, Green and Company, 1922 - Finance - 567 pages

Contents

Bank of North America
55
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
60
Borrowing Bills of Credit
69
ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL SYSTEM
75
NEW FINANCIAL NEEDS 17901801
97
Mint and Coinage
103
Direct Taxation
109
Sinking Fund Management of the Debt
113
Treasury Administration War Period
131
War Loans
132
Issue of Treasury Notes
135
Internal Revenue Taxes Other Taxes
138
Expenditures and Receipts 18121815
141
PROBLEMS OF REORGANIZATION AFTER WAR 65 References
143
Currency Disorder
144
Establishment of the Second United States Bank
145
Career of the Bank 18161819
150
Local Banks 18151830
153
United States Bank 18231829
156
Constitutionality of the Bank
157
Issues of Banks Owned by States
160
Tariff of 1816
161
Financial Embarrassments 18161821
165
Receipts and Expenditures 18161833
168
Difficulties in Management of the Funded Debt
170
TARIFF LEGISLATION 18181833
172
Struggle for Increased Protection Tariff of 1824
173
Tariff of 1828
176
Intense Opposition to the Tariff
181
Tariff of 1832
183
Nullification Compromise Tariff
185
Problems of Customs Administration
189
Analysis of Tariff Reasoning
191
ATTACK UPON THE BANK THE SURPLUS 18291837
197
Criticism of the Bank
198
Unsuccessful Effort to Recharter
201
Removal of the Deposits
203
The Pet Banks
209
Change in Coinage Ratio
210
Internal Improvements
212
Sales of Public Lands
216
Surplus Revenue
217
Distribution of the Surplus
219
CHAPTER PAGE X PANIC OF 1837 AND RESTORATION OF Credit 95 References
223
Speculative Prosperity
224
The Specie Circular
227
Panic of 1837 Suspension of Specie Payments
229
Distress of the Treasury
231
Issue of Treasury Notes and Loans
234
IOI Independent Treasury
235
Tariff of 1842
237
Struggle for a New Bank
239
State Repudiation
243
Receipts and Expenditures 18341846
246
TARIFF INDEPENDENT TREASURY AND STATE BANKS 18461860 106 References
248
Tariff of 1846
249
The Independent Treasury Reestablished
252
Finances of the Mexican War
255
Commercial Expansion
256
Progress toward Lower Duties
257
Local Banking 18371861
259
Tariff of 1857 Panic
262
Morrill Tariff
265
Receipts and Expenditures 18461861
266
CIVIL WAR LEGAL Tenders 116 References
271
The Situation in 1860
272
Appointment of Chase
274
Revenue Measures July 1861
276
Placing the Loan of 150000000
278
Suspension of Specie Payments
281
Issue of LegalTender Notes
284
Convertibility of the Greenback
290
Depreciation of the Greenback
292
Loan Policy of Chase
319
Arguments in Favor of a National Banking System
320
Receipts and Expenditures 18611865
329
FUNDING OF THE INDEBTEDNESS 141 References
331
Character of the Public Debt in 1865
332
Funding or Contraction 332
333
Theories of Resumption
337
Arguments against Contraction
338
Funding Act of April 12 1866
340
Abandonment of Contraction 148 Payment of Bonds in Currency
343
Taxation of Bonds
351
The Refunding Act of 1870
353
Sale of Bonds Abroad
355
Sinking Fund
357
GREENBACKS AND RESUMPTION 153 References
359
Volume of Treasury Notes
361
Constitutionality of LegalTender Notes
362
Issues in Times of Peace
367
Sale of Gold
369
344
371
Resumption Act of 1875
373
Resumption Accomplished
375
Greenback Party
379
BANKING AND TAXATION 18661879
383
BankNote Circulation
384
374
399
387
401
378
407
Decline in Bank Circulation
413
SILVER AND THE TARIFF 18901897
434
TARIFF War and CuRRENCY
463
Spanish War Finance
465
Currency Act of 1900
468
Redemption of Treasury Notes
469
Refunding
471
Receipts and Expenditures 18911901
472
383
474
FINANCIERING UNDER EXPANSION 202 References
474
Treasury Relief of the Money Market
477
National Banks
479
Panic of 1907
481
VreelandAldrich Act of 1908
482
PayneAldrich Tariff of 1909
483
Corporation Tax
486
Postal Savings Banks
487
Underwood Tariff 1913
488
The Income Tax
489
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913
491
Receipts and Expenditures 19021916
494
THE GREAT WAR 215 References
499
Revenues Affected by European War
500
Revenue Act of September 8 1916
501
Entry into War Liberty Loans
502
War Revenue Act of October 3 1917
504
Third and Fourth Liberty Loans 1918
506
The War Debt
508
Cost of the War
510
Revenue Act of 1921
511
Federal Reserve System
514
Receipts and Expenditures 19171921
515
LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION 228 References
518
Initiative in Tariff Bills
519
Appropriation Bills
524
Collection of Revenue
529
Custody of the Public Funds
533
The Mint
536
Accounting System
538
Public Debt Statement
539
Miscellaneous Treasury Bureaus
541
APPENDIX
545
INDEX
551
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