Vance

Vance, in west-central Alabama, is located primarily in Tuscaloosa County, except for a small portion in the south that extends into Bibb County. The town has a mayor/council form of government.

The area now encompassing present-day Vance was first settled prior to 1830 and was known as Trion, a trading center and stagecoach stop on the Huntsville Road, present-day Highway 11. A post office was established there in 1849. On April 1, 1865, the Trion area was the scene of a skirmish during the closing weeks of the Civil War in which a 1,500-man cavalry brigade under Union general John T. Croxton was chased by a 3,500-man division under Confederate general William Hicks Jackson. Croxton and his men would double back and raid Tuscaloosa on April 3.

In 1872, Trion was renamed Smallwood after Charles Smallwood, who owned a local sawmill; the lumber industry remains important in the area. In 1873, the Alabama Great Southern Railroad built a line through the area, quickly ending the delivery of mail by stagecoach. The town was renamed Vance in 1879, the official year of its founding, after William Vance, a physician who had relocated there from North Carolina, established a long-time medical practice there, and helped found the Lee Institute school in 1873. Vance's daughter Lucy was the postmistress for about 40 years. In 1923, the institute was replaced by a 12-grade school. Vance was incorporated in 1972.

In 1993, automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz U.S. International> announced it would build a plant there. It was completed in 1996 and production began in 1997. It was the first Mercedes-Benz plant in the United States, and the production facility has since been expanded; it directly employs approximately 5,000 individuals and contributes to thousands of other jobs and has prompted a tripling of the town's population since 2000.

The population of Vance at the time of the 2010 Census was 1,529. Of that number, 88.8 percent reported itself as white, 7.2 percent as African American, 5.6 percent as Hispanic or Latino, 1.7 percent as two or more races, 0.6 percent as Asian, and 0.4 percent as American Indian and Alaskan Native. The median household income according to Census estimates is $55,559 and per capita income, $25,607.

According to 2010 Census estimates, the Vance workforce was divided among the following major industrial categories:

· Manufacturing (19.8 percent)
· Educational services, and health care and social assistance (19.6 percent)
· Retail trade (16.1 percent)
· Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste   management services (9.4 percent)
· Transportation and warehousing, and utilities (8.7 percent)
· Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and extractive industries (5.7 percent)
· Public administration (5.7 percent)
· Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing (5.4 percent)
· Construction (4.3 percent)
· Wholesale trade (4.0 percent)
· Other services, except public administration (1.2 percent)

Public education in Vance is overseen by the Tuscaloosa County School System, which administers one elementary school that enrolls approximately 450 students and employs approximately 50 educators and staff.

Vance is accessed by U.S. Route 11/State Highway 7, which runs east-west through the center of the town, and Interstate 59/20, which runs east-west through the northern section of the town. Norfolk Southern Corporation operates a rail line that runs through Vance. The town is convenient to the Tuscaloosa Regional Airport.

Vance maintains several athletic fields and a nature trail and hosts a community farmers' market at the Vance Civic Center. It also hosts a Christmas celebration, typically the second Saturday in December.

Hoole, William Stanley, and Elizabeth Hoole McArthur. The Yankee Invasion of West Alabama, March-April, 1865, Including the Battle of Trion (Vance), the Battle of Tuscaloosa, the Burning of the University, and the Battle of Romulus. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Confederate Publishing Company, 1985.

The Heritage of Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Clanton, Ala.: Heritage Publishing Consultants, 1999.